Machine learning natural language processing for identifying venous thromboembolism: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of preventable in-hospital mortality. Monitoring VTE cases is limited by the challenges of manual medical record review and diagnosis code interpretation. Natural language processing (NLP) can automate the process.

Screening for viral hepatitis B infection in cancer patients before receiving chemotherapy - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening rate in cancer patients before systemic chemotherapy, aiming to identify those needing antiviral prophylaxis for HBV reactivation.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar for relevant studies. The pooled screening rate was estimated using a random effects model.

Bacterial DNA Translocation Is Associated With Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy and Mortality in Patients With Cirrhosis.

Introduction: Data on the relationship between bacterial translocation, hepatic encephalopathy (HE), and mortality are scarce. This study aimed to assess the association between bacterial DNA (bactDNA) translocation, inflammatory response, ammonia levels, and severity of HE in patients with cirrhosis, as well as the role of bactDNA translocation in predicting mortality.

Methods: Cirrhotic patients without bacterial infection were prospectively enrolled between June 2022 and January 2023.

Identifying Baseline Predictors of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty Effectiveness: An Alternative Mathematical Approach.

Background: Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) emerges as a first-line treatment for newly diagnosed open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. However, the interindividual response to SLT considerably varied. Large-scale clinical investigations concerning predictive factors for SLT effectiveness are limited.

Regional lymph node evaluation in pediatric conventional melanoma subtype: a single-center 10-year review.

Purpose: To assess the prognostic and therapeutic significance of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and completion lymph node dissection (CLND) in pediatric conventional melanoma (CM), while evaluating potential predictive factors for outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records spanning 2009-2020, focusing on patients aged 18 or younger with localized cutaneous conventional melanoma.

Results: Among the 33 patients, SLNB detected metastasis in 57.

Arthroscopic Repair of Acute Traumatic Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Tears at the Patellar Insertion.

After a lateral patellar dislocation or subluxation, injury to the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is common. The MPFL originates between the medial epicondyle and the adductor tubercle, inserting along the superior one-third border of the medial patella. Operative treatment becomes necessary for patients with intra-articular pathology (such as osteochondral injuries or meniscus tears) or those experiencing recurrent dislocations.

Consensus statements on endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition. Guidelines from the Asian Endoscopic Ultrasound Group.

Objectives: This consensus was developed by the Asian EUS Group (AEG), who aimed to formulate a set of practice guidelines addressing various aspects of endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA).

Methods: The AEG initiated the development of consensus statements and formed an expert panel comprising surgeons, gastroenterologists, and pathologists. Three online consensus meetings were conducted to consolidate the statements and votes.

The mast cells - Cytokines axis in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disturbance, diagnosed in early childhood. It is associated with varying degrees of dysfunctional communication and social skills, repetitive and stereotypic behaviors. Regardless of the constant increase in the number of diagnosed patients, there are still no established treatment schemes in global practice.

Tardive dyskinesia in Asia- current clinical practice and the role of neurologists in the care pathway.

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a movement disorder that can arise as a side effect of treatment with dopamine receptor-blocking agents (DRBAs), including antipsychotic drugs (APDs) used to manage psychotic illnesses. Second-generation APDs (SGAs) are often preferred to first-generation drugs due to their lower propensity to cause TD, however many SGAs-treated patients still develop the condition. Although TD is a global health concern, evidence regarding the occurrence of TD and how it is managed in Asian countries is currently limited.

Abbreviated MRI for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance - A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Given the limited sensitivity of ultrasound in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance, this systematic review and meta-analysis were aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of non-contrast abbreviated MRI (NC-aMRI) compared to contrast-enhanced abbreviated MRI (CE-aMRI) for HCC surveillance, offering evidence-based guidance for clinical decision-making.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across five databases, identifying studies on aMRI for HCC surveillance. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were estimated using a random effects model.

Real-time machine learning-assisted sepsis alert enhances the timeliness of antibiotic administration and diagnostic accuracy in emergency department patients with sepsis: a cluster-randomized trial.

Machine learning (ML) has been applied in sepsis recognition across different healthcare settings with outstanding diagnostic accuracy. However, the advantage of ML-assisted sepsis alert in expediting clinical decisions leading to enhanced quality for emergency department (ED) patients remains unclear. A cluster-randomized trial was conducted in a tertiary-care hospital.

Volatile organic compounds for diagnosis of early hepatocellular carcinoma in at-risk patients.

Background: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been shown as promising biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis. We aimed to investigate the performance of VOCs for diagnosing early-stage HCC in patients at-risk for HCC.

Methods: VOCs were identified in exhaled breath samples collected from 87 early-stage HCC patients, 90 cirrhotic patients, and 72 HBV-infected patients using thermal desorption-gas chromatography/field-asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry.

Selenium supplementation in inactive moderate to severe Graves' orbitopathy patients: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of selenium supplementation in inactive moderate-severe Graves' orbitopathy (GO) patients.

Methods: This study was a single-center, placebo-controlled, double-masked, randomized trial. Inactive moderate-severe GO participants were randomized to receive six months of 200 micrograms/day of selenium supplementation or placebo.

Update on the diagnosis and management of neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency: Expert review on behalf of the Asian Pan-Pacific Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.

Citrin deficiency is an autosomal recessive metabolic liver disease caused by mutations in the SLC25A13 gene. The disease typically presents with cholestasis, elevated liver enzymes, hyperammonemia, hypercitrullinemia, and fatty liver in young infants, resulting in a phenotype known as "neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency" (NICCD). The diagnosis relies on clinical manifestation, biochemical evidence of hypercitrullinemia, and identifying mutations in the SLC25A13 gene.

Identifying Subtle Motor Deficits Before Parkinson's Disease is Diagnosed: What to Look for?

Motor deficits typical of Parkinson's disease (PD), such as gait and balance disturbances, tremor, reduced arm swing and finger movement, and voice and breathing changes, are believed to manifest several years prior to clinical diagnosis. Here we describe the evidence for the presence and progression of motor deficits in this pre-diagnostic phase in order to provide suggestions for the design of future observational studies for an effective, quantitatively oriented investigation. On the one hand, these future studies must detect these motor deficits in as large (potentially, population-based) cohorts as possible with high sensitivity and specificity.

Flares of acute graft-versus-host disease: a Mount Sinai Acute GVHD International Consortium analysis.

The absence of a standardized definition for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) flares and data on its clinical course are significant concerns. We retrospectively evaluated 968 patients across 23 Mount Sinai Acute GVHD International Consortium (MAGIC) transplant centers who achieved complete response (CR) or very good partial response (VGPR) within 4 weeks of treatment. The cumulative incidence of flares within 6 months was 22%, and flares were associated with a higher risk of nonrelapse mortality (NRM; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 4.

A Day 14 Endpoint for Acute GVHD Clinical Trials.

The overall response rate (ORR) 28 days after treatment has been adopted as the primary endpoint for clinical trials of acute graft versus host disease (GVHD). However, physicians often need to modify immunosuppression earlier than day (D) 28, and non-relapse mortality (NRM) does not always correlate with ORR at D28. We studied 1144 patients that received systemic treatment for GVHD in the Mount Sinai Acute GVHD International Consortium (MAGIC) and divided them into a training set (n=764) and a validation set (n=380).

Whey protein and male acne: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Background: Acne vulgaris (AV) exacerbation after whey protein (WP) consumption remains inconclusive among experts.

Objectives: To investigate the association between WP consumption and acne severity in men with acne.

Methods: A noninferiority trial was conducted in men with mild to moderate facial and/or truncal acne.

Laboratory Monitoring of Heparin Anticoagulation in Hemodialysis: Rationale and Strategies.

Unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are commonly used to prevent clotting of the hemodialysis extracorporeal circuit and optimize hemodialysis adequacy. There is no consensus on the optimal dosing for UFH and LMWHs during hemodialysis. In clinical practice, semiquantitative clotting scoring of the dialyzer and venous chamber may help to guide UFH and LMWH dose adjustment.

Residual effects of combined vibratory and plantar stimulation while seated influences plantar pressure and spatiotemporal gait measures in individuals with Parkinson's disease exhibiting freezing of gait.

Introduction: Combined plantar pressure and vibratory stimulation has been shown to decrease freezing of gait (FOG) episodes and improve spatiotemporal gait parameters compared to single stimulation in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with FOG. However, the effect of combined plantar stimulations on plantar pressure analysis has never been explored.

Methods: Forty PD patients with frequent FOG were allocated to either FOG shoes embedded with a 100 Hz vibratory stimulation at the Achilles tendons and a soft thickened silicone pad at the hallux and sole, or sham shoes with a non-working vibratory motor and a flat non-pressure silicone pad (20 patients per arm) while seated for 96 s.