Simplified dengue virus microwell plaque assay using an automated quantification program.

The plaque assay is essential for virion quantitation but the classic protocol requires considerable efforts. A simplified dengue 96-well plaque assay with automated quantitation program is an alternative to access the level of infectious virus. Dengue plaque assay was simplified using LLC/MK2 cells and virus mixing simultaneously before semisolid addition.

Role of pronator release in revision carpal tunnel surgery.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the result of treatment of patients with failed primary carpal tunnel surgery who suspected pronator teres syndrome (PTS) by performing revision carpal tunnel release (CTR) with pronator teres release (PTR) and revision CTR alone.

Methods: Retrospective chart review in patients who required revision CTR and suspected PTS. Group 1, treated by redo CTR with PTR and group 2, treated by redo CTR alone.

Autophagic degradation of aquaporin-2 is an early event in hypokalemia-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

Hypokalemia (low serum potassium level) is a common electrolyte imbalance that can cause a defect in urinary concentrating ability, i.e., nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), but the molecular mechanism is unknown.