associated cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in a post-COVID-19 patient: A first case report.

Phaeohyphomycosis, previously known as chromoblastomycosis, is a chronic mycosis, usually affecting the skin. It is caused by dematiaceous fungi, which are a group of fungi that produce melanin in their cell walls. Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis occurs as a part of invasive presentation of the fungi, which usually affects immunocompromised patients, but may affect immunocompetent individuals as well.

Reviewing the Etiologic Agents, Microbe-Host Relationship, Immune Response, Diagnosis, and Treatment in Chromoblastomycosis.

Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a neglected human disease, caused by different species of pigmented dematiaceous fungi that cause subcutaneous infections. This disease has been considered an occupational disease, occurring among people working in the field of agriculture, particularly in low-income countries. In 1914, the first case of CBM was described in Brazil, and although efforts have been made, few scientific and technological advances have been made in this area.

A Rare Case of Chromoblastomycosis Resembling Keloid in an Indonesian Child.

Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a rare chronic fungal infection caused by various dematiaceous fungi. This mycosis is mostly found in middle-aged males in tropical and subtropical countries. Only few cases of CBM in children have been reported.

Chromoblastomycosis Due to a Never-before-Seen Dematiaceous Fungus in a Kidney Transplant Patient.

Chromoblastomycosis is a neglected fungal infection of the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue that predominates in tropical areas and results from the traumatic inoculation of environmental dematiaceous filamentous fungi. We describe the case of an immunosuppressed patient diagnosed with foot chromoblastomycosis due to an uncommon dematiaceous fungus. A 52-year-old Congolese kidney transplant woman presented with a painful lesion located on the foot.

Neutrophil-suppressive activity over T-cell proliferation and fungal clearance in a murine model of Fonsecaea pedrosoi infection.

Neutrophils are essential to control several fungal infections. These cells are commonly known for their pro-inflammatory activities. However, some studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory properties of neutrophils during certain infectious diseases, culminating in the inhibition of T cell proliferation.

Chromoblastomycosis in Latin America and the Caribbean: Epidemiology over the past 50 years.

Unlabelled: Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic disease caused by melanized fungi that mainly affect individuals performing soil-related labor. The objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of chromoblastomycosis in Latin America and the Caribbean by an extensive literature review. An integrative review was performed of English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish publications in LILACS, SciELO, PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases covering the period 1969-2019.

Therapeutic management of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis and chromoblastomycosis in kidney transplant recipients: a retrospective study of 82 cases in a single center.

Background: Melanized fungi are a distinct group of pathogens that cause infections like chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis, especially in a state of immunosuppression including solid organ transplant recipients. Guidelines for the treatment of these infections are lacking, and there is no available standard recommendation.

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic aspects of subcutaneous melanized fungal infections in kidney transplant recipients.

Cyphellophora laciniata: A new etiological agent of chromoblastomycosis.

Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic subcutaneous mycosis caused by traumatic inoculation of dematiaceous fungi especially in tropical and subtropical areas. Cyphellophora genus include melanized fungi reported as etiological agents of skin and nail infections. We report a 60-year-old male from the south of Mexico with a 40-year history of chromoblastomycosis caused by Cyphellophora laciniata.

Case Report: Short-Term Application of Topical Imiquimod Is Practical for Chromoblastomycosis.

Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic cutaneous fungal infection caused by dematiaceous fungi. It is a therapeutic challenge because of the lack of specific treatments. We describe a refractory case of chromoblastomycosis in which the lesion did not respond to initial treatment, but then use of topical imiquimod cured the lesion successfully.

Epidemiology of fungal diseases in Africa: A review of diagnostic drivers.

Background And Purpose: There has been a significant increase in the burden of fungal diseases in the last few decades which has imposed a global threat to the health of humans, animals, and plants. Epidemiology of fungal diseases is not completely understood in Africa. Most of these diseases are under-reported or not reported at all mainly due to the challenges related to the availability of and access to fungal diagnostics and the lack of human resources in clinical and diagnostic mycology across the continent.

Chromoblastomycosis evolving to sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma: A case report.

Chromoblastomycosis (CMB) is a cutaneous fungal infection caused by dematiaceous fungi. According to the World Health Organization CMB has been elected as a tropical disease, and it is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. The lower extremities are the most affected areas, and the lesions progress with erythema, papules, nodules, verrucose plates and/or ulcerations.

A Case of Trauma-Induced Eumycetoma in a Renal Transplant Recipient.

Mycetoma is a chronic, granulomatous, subcutaneous infection caused by several species of fungi and soil-inhabiting bacteria, and is divided into eumycetoma and actinomycetoma, respectively. Endemicity is described with worldwide distribution within the "mycetoma belt"; however, the global burden is ill-defined. Mycetoma is rare in Australia, with only a few published case reports.

Managing chromoblastomycosis with acitretin plus imiquimod: A case report on the improvement of cutaneous lesions and reduction of the treatment time.

Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is an infectious disease caused by fungi that is prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries. Besides few therapeutic options, the classical treatment of CBM needs to be administrated for a long period of time, and unfortunately some patients do not show improvement of the lesions. Thus, it becomes urgent to develop new strategies for the treatment of CBM.

The global burden of chromoblastomycosis.

Background: Chromoblastomycosis (CBM), represents one of the primary implantation mycoses caused by melanized fungi widely found in nature. It is characterized as a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) and mainly affects populations living in poverty with significant morbidity, including stigma and discrimination.

Methods And Findings: In order to estimate the global burden of CBM, we retrospectively reviewed the published literature from 1914 to 2020.

Scoping review of Neglected Tropical Disease Interventions and Health Promotion: A framework for successful NTD interventions as evidenced by the literature.

Background: Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) affect more than one billion people globally. A Public Library of Science (PLOS) journal dedicated to NTDs lists almost forty NTDs, while the WHO prioritises twenty NTDs. A person can be affected by more than one disease at the same time from a range of infectious and non-infectious agents.

Subcutaneous mycoses in Ethiopia: a retrospective study in a single dermatology center.

Background: The magnitude of various types of subcutaneous mycoses in Ethiopia is unknown.

Methods: We performed a 5-y retrospective review of confirmed cases at ALERT hospital dermatology clinics.

Result: Confirmed cases of subcutaneous mycoses included chromoblastomycosis (n=12) and mycetoma (n=8).

Doubly Misdiagnosed: Exophiala Masquerading as Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Chromoblastomycosis.

Deep cutaneous fungal infections (DCFI) can arise in the setting of skin trauma and immunosuppression. DCFI may be secondary to chromoblastomycosis, which is typically characterized by pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia histologically and can be mistaken for squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, "copper penny" spore-like pigmented yeast forms on Grocott's methenamine silver stain can suggest chromoblastomycosis, but this finding is not specific.

Silver(I) and Copper(II) Complexes of 1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-Dione Against : A Focus on the Interaction With Human Macrophages and Larvae.

is a dematiaceous fungus that causes mainly chromoblastomycosis, but also disseminated infections such as phaeohyphomycosis and mycetoma. These diseases are extremely hard to treat and often refractory to current antifungal therapies. In this work, we have evaluated the effect of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phendione) and its metal-based complexes, [Ag (phendione)]ClO and [Cu(phendione)](ClO).

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Serve as Key Effector Molecules in the Protection Against Phialophora verrucosa.

Phialophora verrucosa (P. verrucosa) is a pathogen that can cause chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis. Recent evidence suggests that neutrophils can produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that can protect against invasive pathogens.

Presence of hyphae in chromoblastomycosis examinations: an enigma to be solved.

The detection of muriform cells in direct mycological or anatomopathological examination is considered pathognomonic for chromoblastomycosis. The morphological aspect that these fungal structures acquire were called "Borelli spiders", when associated with hyphae. Reports of this association have been described for decades, initially related to more pathogenic agents of this mycosis.

Effect of Melanin Biosynthesis Inhibition on the Antifungal Susceptibility of Chromoblastomycosis Agents.

Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a chronic subcutaneous infection caused by genera of melanized fungi: , , , , and . Melanin is a virulence factor known to influence antifungal susceptibility. A specific inhibitor of melanin biosynthesis is tricyclazole.

Lower Limb Nodulo-ulcerative Lesion in Kidney Transplant Recipient - An Unusual Diagnosis.

A 56-year-old kidney transplant recipient presented with a progressive cauliflower-like growth on the plantar surface of the right foot and on workup found to have chromoblastomycosis, which was successfully treated by antifungal agent and surgical excision with no recurrence. Chromoblastomycosis belongs to the heterogeneous group of subcutaneous mycoses. It is caused by various pigmented (dematiaceous) fungi, which gain entry into the skin via traumatic implantation.