Differential effects of acute stress on spatial learning and memory in the open-field tower maze across the female estrous cycle.

The purpose of the present investigation was to test how acute stress and levels of circulating estrogens together influence acquisition and retention of spatial learning, as well as explorative behaviors in female rats. We used the hippocampus-dependent Open-field Tower Maze (OFTM) task to assess acquisition followed by a retention test (reacquisition) that was given 48 h later. Immediately prior to acquisition, experimental rats were exposed to an acute restraint stress and were trained under bright lights.

Scaling of fast-start performance and its thermal dependence in mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus.

Fast-start predator-escape performance and its sensitivity to temperature (24, 30, and 36°C) were evaluated in mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus across a range of body sizes spanning YOY to adult (35-68 mm standard length). Mummichogs exhibit isometry of body dimensions and areas of the dorsal and anal fins but negative allometry of the caudal fin area. These scaling relationships are consistent with observed decreases in fast-start angular velocities with increasing body size.

Assessment of Obsessive Thoughts About COVID-19 in 7 Latin American Countries: Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Obsession With COVID-19 Scale.

The present study aimed to evaluate the measurement invariance of the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS) among seven Latin American countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Although the OCS has been used in several countries and languages, there is a need for approaches that better integrate the cross-cultural equivalence of the scale. A total of 3185 people participated in the study.

The stress of nursing: exploring communicatively restricted organizational stress (CROS), effort-reward imbalance, and organizational support among a sample of U.S. working nurses.

Background: Nurses experience a constellation of negative outcomes such as lost productivity, based on their high levels of organizational stress. Following recommendations for best practices in health communication can dramatically improve the organizational climate for nurses and can have a significant effect on patient outcomes. In this study, we evaluate the impact of Communicative Restricted Organizational Stress (CROS) and effort-reward imbalance (ERI).

Localization and neurochemical identity of alpha1-adrenergic receptor-containing elements in the mouse locus coeruleus.

The locus coeruleus (LC) is the major source for norepinephrine (NE) in the brain and projects to areas involved in learning and memory, reward, arousal, attention, and autonomic functions related to stress. There are three types of adrenergic receptors that respond to NE: alpha1-, alpha2-, and beta-adrenergic receptors. Previous behavioral studies have shown the alpha1-adrenergic receptor (α1AR) to be present in the LC, however, with conflicting results.

First Measurement of Hard Exclusive π^{-}Δ^{++} Electroproduction Beam-Spin Asymmetries off the Proton.

The polarized cross-section ratio σ_{LT^{'}}/σ_{0} from hard exclusive π^{-}Δ^{++} electroproduction off an unpolarized hydrogen target has been extracted based on beam-spin asymmetry measurements using a 10.2  GeV/10.6  GeV incident electron beam and the CLAS12 spectrometer at Jefferson Lab.

Prolonged development of forced-choice recognition when targets are paired with non-corresponding lures.

Previous research suggests that mnemonic discrimination (i.e., the ability to discriminate between previously encountered and novel stimuli even when they are highly similar) improves substantially during childhood.

Synthesis of Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Fused Nanosized Carbon Spheres Derived from Sustainable Source for Application in a Hydrogen Generation Reaction.

The dwindling supply of fossil fuels has prompted the search for an alternative energy source that could effectively replace them. Potential renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, tidal, and geothermal are all promising but each has its own drawbacks. Hydrogen gas on the other hand can be combusted to produce energy with only water as a byproduct and can be steadily generated via the aqueous media hydrolysis reaction of Sodium Borohydride (NaBH).

Gold Nanoparticles AuNP Decorated on Fused Graphene-like Materials for Application in a Hydrogen Generation.

The search for a sustainable, alternative fuel source to replace fossil fuels has led to an increased interest in hydrogen fuel. This combustible gas is not only clean-burning but can readily be produced via the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride. The main drawback of this reaction is that the reaction occurs relatively slowly and requires a catalyst to improve efficiency.

"God wastes nothing": A consensual qualitative study of coping among Catholic individuals with cancer diagnoses.

While religious meaning-making has been extensively studied, emic religious coping remains largely unexplored. This consensual qualitative research study explored Catholic cancer survivors' ( = 22) descriptions of drawing on their religious framework throughout their cancer journeys. Findings revealed distinctive Catholic resources such as the power of blessings, drawing comfort from the saints and sacraments, and "offering up" suffering as a form of spiritual surrender, suggesting the existence of underlying theodicies of divine purpose as well as potential clinical resources.

How price-gouging regulation undermined COVID-19 mitigation: county-level evidence of unintended consequences.

Unlabelled: Despite long-standing criticisms, restrictions on price increases during emergencies remain widespread in the US. Criticisms most often cite the social costs of the shortages, but, we have found another, as yet unknown, cost: price-gouging regulations increased social contact during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic, thirty-four US states declared emergencies, which activated their preexisting price-gouging regulations, and eight others introduced new regulation along with their emergency declarations.

When suffering contradicts belief: measuring theodical struggling.

Unlabelled: Global meaning systems help people make sense of their experiences, but suffering can violate global meaning and create distress. One type of potential violation is conflict between one's experience of suffering and one's deeply-held beliefs about God as loving, powerful, and just. The problem of theodicy-why an all-powerful and all-loving God would allow suffering-has long been an important theological and philosophical concern, but little is known about how theodicy plays out psychologically for religious individuals facing serious life difficulties.

Leveraging impression management motives to increase the use of face masks.

Three pilot studies ( = 832) revealed that people held more positive attitudes toward targets wearing protective face masks. Therefore, we examined whether knowledge of this self-presentational benefit would increase people's intentions to wear face masks. Participants ( = 997) were randomly assigned to read a passage about the COVID-19 pandemic, the safety benefit of mask-wearing, the self-presentational benefit of mask-wearing, or a combination of the latter two.

First CLAS12 Measurement of Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering Beam-Spin Asymmetries in the Extended Valence Region.

Deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) allows one to probe generalized parton distributions describing the 3D structure of the nucleon. We report the first measurement of the DVCS beam-spin asymmetry using the CLAS12 spectrometer with a 10.2 and 10.

Synthesis, modeling, and biological evaluation of anti-tubulin indole-substituted furanones.

Due to the central role of tubulin in various cellular functions, it is a validated target for anti-cancer therapeutics. However, many of the current tubulin inhibitors are derived from complex natural products and suffer from multidrug resistance, low solubility, toxicity issues, and/or the lack of multi-cancer efficacy. As such, there is a continued need for the discovery and development of new anti-tubulin drugs to enter the pipeline.

Mass Shootings Anxiety Scale: A preliminary psychometric study.

Mass shootings have caused many to feel anxious and afraid of this seemingly common event. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the properties of the Mass Shootings Anxiety Scale (MSAS), which is a five-item scale that was based on 759 adults. The MSAS demonstrated solid reliability (α and ω of 0.

A Psychometric Analysis of the Spanish Version of the Grief Impairment Scale: A Screening Tool of Biopsychosocial Grief-Related Functional Impairment in a Salvadoran Sample.

The objective of this study was to translate and psychometrically evaluate a Spanish version of the Grief Impairment Scale (GIS) using a sample of bereaved adults from El Salvador ( = 579). The results confirm the unidimensional structure of the GIS, and solid reliability, item characteristics, and criterion-related validity, where the GIS scale significantly and positively predicts depression. However, this instrument only showed evidence of configural and metric invariance between different sex groups.

Intestinal barrier dysfunction: an evolutionarily conserved hallmark of aging.

A major challenge in the biology of aging is to understand how specific age-onset pathologies relate to the overall health of the organism. The integrity of the intestinal epithelium is essential for the wellbeing of the organism throughout life. In recent years, intestinal barrier dysfunction has emerged as an evolutionarily conserved feature of aged organisms, as reported in worms, flies, fish, rodents and primates.

First Measurement of Λ Electroproduction off Nuclei in the Current and Target Fragmentation Regions.

We report results of Λ hyperon production in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering off deuterium, carbon, iron, and lead targets obtained with the CLAS detector and the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility 5.014 GeV electron beam. These results represent the first measurements of the Λ multiplicity ratio and transverse momentum broadening as a function of the energy fraction (z) in the current and target fragmentation regions.

Validation of the healthcare workers' version of the Pandemic Grief Scale among frontline nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea.

Introduction: Nurses have been repeatedly exposed to unexpected death and grief during COVID-19 pandemic, and it is necessary to provide grief support for the nurses who have experienced the loss of patients to COVID-19. We aimed to explore the reliability and validity of the Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS) for Healthcare Workers among frontline nursing professionals working in COVID-19 inpatient wards whose patients may have died.

Methods: An anonymous online survey was performed among frontline nursing professionals working in COVID-19 wards in three tertiary-level general hospitals in Korea between April 7 and 26, 2021.

Impact of fornix lesions on tone-off delay vs tone-on trace eyeblink conditioning in rats.

Research has shown differences in the neural mechanisms that support trace and delay eyeblink conditioning. The present experiment furthered this investigation by examining the effect of electrolytic fornix lesions on acquisition of trace and delay eyeblink conditioning in the rat. Importantly, the conditioned stimulus (CS) for trace conditioning was a standard tone-on cue, and the CS for delay conditioning was either a tone-off or tone-on CS.

Effect of encoding variability on rejection of non-corresponding lures: Role of retrieval processes.

The primary goal of the current study was to assess whether different retrieval processes moderated the effect of encoding variability on accurate performance on the A-B' test format of the forced-choice Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST). Young adults completed the A-B' test format of the forced-choice MST and determined whether their recognition memory judgment was based on recall-to-reject processing, recall-to-accept processing, familiarity, or guessing. When guesses were excluded from correct trials, fixation counts were higher to the A stimulus than the B stimulus at encoding.

Pandemic grief in El Salvador: factors that predict dysfunctional grief due to a COVID-19 death among Salvadoran adults.

Thousands of people have died of COVID-19 in El Salvador. However, little is known about the mental health of those who are mourning the loss of a loved one to COVID-19. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the dysfunctional grief associated with COVID-19 death among Salvadoran adults.

COVID-19 anxiety and associated factors among university students in Bangladesh.

Cross-sectional data were collected from 787 Bangladeshi students ages 18 to 27 years, to assess dysfunctional COVID-19 anxiety using the Coronavirus anxiety Scale or CAS and to identify factors influencing their anxiety. Results indicated that 53% of the respondents attained CAS scores in the clinical range. Women reported a significantly higher anxiety than men.

Evaluating components of the active view of reading as intervention targets: Implications for social justice.

Inequality in reading outcomes is perhaps the single greatest social justice issue faced by school psychologists, and school psychologists need a better understanding of reading theory and its application to intervention to better combat the important issue. The present study examined the active view of reading (AVR; Duke & Cartwright, 2021), by computing effect sizes from 333 studies that were reported in 26 meta-analyses. Interventions that targeted word recognition (effect size = 0.