Gut microbiota diversity repeatedly diminishes over time following maintenance infliximab infusions in paediatric IBD patients.

Background: The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Understanding the dynamics of the gut microbiome in relation to treatment can provide valuable insights into disease management and therapy strategies. The aim of this study is to investigate if diversity and composition of the gut microbiome correlate with time since treatment and disease activity during maintenance infliximab (IFX) therapy among children with IBD.

Predisposition footprints in the somatic genome of Wilms tumours.

Ten percent of children with cancer harbour a mutation in a predisposition gene. In children with the kidney cancer, Wilms tumour, the prevalence is as high as 30%. Certain predispositions are associated with defined histological and clinical features, suggesting differences in tumourigenesis.

Femtosecond Spin-State Switching Dynamics of Fe(II) Complexes Condensed in Thin Films.

The tailoring of spin-crossover films has made significant progress over the past decade, mostly motivated by the prospect in technological applications. In contrast to spin-crossover complexes in solution, the investigation of the ultrafast switching in spin-crossover films has remained scarce. Combining the progress in molecule synthesis and film growth with the opportunities at X-ray free-electron lasers, we study the photoinduced spin-state switching dynamics of a molecular film at room temperature.

Sialylation inhibition improves macrophage mediated tumor cell phagocytosis of breast cancer cells triggered by therapeutic antibodies of different isotypes.

Tumor cell phagocytosis by macrophages is considered a relevant mechanism of action for many therapeutic IgG antibodies. However, tumor cells employ several mechanisms to evade immune recognition, including hypersialylation. Here, we describe how reduction of sialic acid exposure on tumor cells promotes antibody-dependent tumor cell phagocytosis (ADCP) by macrophages.

Unravelling the Information Contained in the Single Items of the COPD Assessment Test for Different Outcomes and Smoking Status in Patients with COPD: Results from COSYCONET.

Background: The COPD Assessment Test (CAT) comprises eight questions. We evaluated the information that each of the questions and the total score contributed to outcomes and characteristics of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), including their dependence on smoking status.

Methods: Patients with COPD of the COSYCONET cohort with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grades 1-4 and the former grade 0 were included.

Undescribed and known phenolic acid derivatives with significant antioxidant activity from the Scorzonera parviflora Jacq. roots.

The antioxidant activity of Scorzonera parviflora Jacq. roots were assessed by measuring their ability to scavenge ABTS and DPPH radicals. Bioactivity-guided fractionation was utilized to identify the compound(s) responsible for this activity.

The role of allergen-specific regulatory T cells in the control of allergic disease.

Allergies result from an antigen-specific loss of tolerance against innocuous foreign substances. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) aims to reverse the pathogenic response and to re-establish physiological tolerance. However, the tolerogenic mechanisms that prevent allergy in healthy and act during AIT are still obscure.

Millet and meals: the role and significance of in culinary contexts at Bruszczewo, Poland.

Unlabelled: The translocation of broomcorn millet () is an enticing subject of archaeological investigation. While the species was rapidly dispersed across Eurasia during prehistory, its adoption appears to have been inconsistent, with evidence for its sudden and gradual adoption, as well as its rejection, observed within and between contemporary communities and cultures. The translocation of may be better understood through the identification of its role and significance as a foodstuff among past populations.

Preferences of melanoma patients to accept adjuvant therapy and toxicity - a qualitative substudy of the GerMelaTox-A project.

Purpose: Targeted treatment and immunotherapy, both adjuvant treatment options, come with a certain toxicity and can cause severe side effects. To date, data about the underlying reasons for patients to accept or reject specific types of adjuvant therapy is scarce. Therefore, this study investigates the motives of melanoma patients for tolerating or rejecting adjuvant therapy and its side effects.

WHIRLY1 regulates aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis in early seedling development of Arabidopsis.

WHIRLY1 belongs to a family of plant-specific transcription factors capable of binding DNA or RNA in all three plant cell compartments that contain genetic materials. In Arabidopsis thaliana, WHIRLY1 has been studied at the later stages of plant development, including flowering and leaf senescence, as well as in biotic and abiotic stress responses. In this study, WHIRLY1 knockout mutants of A.

Density functional calculations of diffusion paths of CHS on (2 × 2)-Cl and -Br covered Cu(100) surfaces.

Identification of the atomic-scale mechanisms of surface diffusion at interfaces covered by co-adsorbates is relevant for understanding electrochemical processes at these interfaces. The surface dynamics of CHS on (2 × 2)-Cl covered Cu(100) surfaces has been studied with video-STM in electrochemical environment by Yang, Taranowski, and Magnussen [, 2012, , 14143]. We present density functional calculations to predict diffusion paths and energy barriers of CHS substitutionally adsorbed on (2 × 2)-Cl or -Br covered Cu(100) surfaces and compare them to the case of S.

Defective in intestinal epithelial cells links to altered fecal microbiota and metabolic shifts during pregnancy in mice.

Throughout gestation, the female body undergoes a series of transformations, including profound alterations in intestinal microbial communities. Changes gradually increase toward the end of pregnancy and comprise reduced α-diversity of microbial communities and an increased propensity for energy harvest. Despite the importance of the intestinal microbiota for the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel diseases, very little is known about the relationship between these microbiota shifts and pregnancy-associated complications of the disease.

Tumor budding and lymphovascular invasion as prognostic factors in p16-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas.

Background: We aimed to validate the prognostic significance of tumor budding (TB) in p16-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC).

Methods: We analyzed digitized H&E-stained slides from a multicenter cohort of five large university centers consisting of n = 275 cases of p16-positive OPSCC. We evaluated TB along with other histological parameters (morphology, tumor-stroma-ratio, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion) and calculated survival outcomes using both univariate and multivariate analyses.

Factors influencing calving difficulty and gestation length in dairy cows inseminated with beef sires.

Producing calves with higher economic value by utilising semen from beef breeds in dairy herds (Beef-on-Dairy, BoD) has become more common in recent times. Such crossbreed calves promise better carcass conformation and higher consumer acceptance due to the better flavour, but the widespread adaptation of BoD requires careful consideration of the sire breed to maximise the benefits. In this regard, two major traits of interest are calving difficulty and gestation length due to associated costs.

Rapid intraoperative amplicon sequencing of CNS tumor markers.

Currently, central nervous system tumors are diagnosed with an integrated diagnostic approach that combines histopathological examination with molecular genetic profiling, which requires days to weeks to achieve a precise and informative classification of CNS tumors. This study demonstrates the feasibility of rapid multiplex amplicon nanopore sequencing for identifying critical mutations relevant to molecular stratification of brain tumors within the timeframe of standard resection surgery. Utilizing live analysis of nanopore sequencing data, we evaluated the brain tumor-associated molecular markers IDH1 R132, IDH2 R172, C228 and C250, H3F3A K27 and G34, Hist1H3B K27, and BRAF V600.

Similarities and Differences in Diurnal Salivary Adrenal Hormones in Monozygotic Twins with Discordant Birthweight.

Introduction: Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate is increased in formerly small-for-gestational age singletons and in smaller twins compared to their normal-weight co-twin. Less is known concerning other adrenal hormones. We compared diurnal salivary profiles in monozygotic twins with intra-twin birthweight (bw) differences to analyse the long-term impact of bw and persistent intra-twin auxological differences on various adrenal hormones.

Morphological Evidence for a Unique Neuromuscular Functional Unit of the Human Vocalis Muscle.

Human vocalization is a complex process that is still only partially understood. Previous studies have suggested the possibility of a localized neuromuscular network of the larynx. Here we investigate this structure in human dissection specimens using multiple immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Phage-induced disturbance of a marine sponge microbiome.

Background: Bacteriophages are known modulators of community composition and activity in environmental and host-associated microbiomes. However, the impact single phages have on bacterial community dynamics under viral predation, the extent and duration of their effect, are not completely understood. In this study, we combine morphological and genomic characterization of a novel marine phage, isolated from the Baltic sponge Halichondria panicea, and report on first attempts of controlled phage-manipulation of natural sponge-associated microbiomes.

The Temporomandibular Joint and the Human Body: A New Perspective on Cross Talk.

As a unique joint that facilitates the articulation of the upper and lower jaws, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is concerned with several critical functions, such as speech and mastication. Pain that can become incapacitating is a result of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), which are complex disorders affecting the masticatory muscles and the TMJ. Several anomalies and TMDs have an interdisciplinary relationship.