Effects of Triflusal and Clopidogrel on the Secondary Prevention of Stroke Based on Cytochrome P450 2C19 Genotyping.

Background And Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of antiplatelet agents for the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke based on cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) polymorphisms.

Methods: This study was a prospective, multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, open-label, blind genotype trial. First time non-cardiogenic ischemic stroke patients were enrolled and screened within 30 days.

Is preoperative chronic kidney disease status associated with oncologic outcomes in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma? A multicenter propensity score-matched analysis.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of preoperative chronic kidney disease (CKD) on the prognosis of patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) who had undergone radical nephroureterectomy (RNU).

Results: The median follow-up period was 31.1 months (interquartile range: 16.

Safety and Efficacy of Ziagen (Abacavir Sulfate) in HIV-Infected Korean Patients.

Background: Abacavir is a widely-used nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Mandatory postmarketing surveillance was conducted in Korea to monitor the safety and evaluate the effectiveness of Ziagen® (abacavir sulfate 300 mg; ViiV Healthcare, Middlesex, UK).

Materials And Methods: An open-label, multi-center, non-interventional postmarketing surveillance study was conducted from June 2010 to June 2016 to monitor the safety and effectiveness of Ziagen across 12 hospitals in Korea.

Therapeutic Inhibitors against Mutated BRAF and MEK for the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma.

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive cancers in the world and is responsible for the majority of skin cancer deaths. Recent advances in the field of immunotherapy using active, adoptive, and antigen-specific therapeutic approaches, have generated the expectation that these technologies have the potential to improve the treatment of advanced malignancies, including melanoma. Treatment options for metastatic melanoma patients have been dramatically improved by the FDA approval of new therapeutic agents including vemurafenib, dabrafenib, and sorafenib.

ID3 regulates the MDC1-mediated DNA damage response in order to maintain genome stability.

MDC1 plays a critical role in the DNA damage response (DDR) by interacting directly with several factors including γ-H2AX. However, the mechanism by which MDC1 is recruited to damaged sites remains elusive. Here, we show that MDC1 interacts with a helix-loop-helix (HLH)-containing protein called inhibitor of DNA-binding 3 (ID3).

Arterioportal shunt incidental to treatment with oxaliplatin that mimics recurrent gastric cancer.

Arterioportal shunt (APS) is an organic communication between the hepatic arterial system and the portal venous system. The APS is one of the major causes of transient hepatic attenuation differences on dynamic computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This condition is usually associated with trauma, liver cirrhosis, and malignancies of the liver.

A Study of the Changes of T Helper 17 Cells and Regulatory T Cells in Herpes Zoster.

Background: Immunosuppression and age-related deficiencies in cell-mediated immunity are important factors for the reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV). CD4CD25Foxp3 regulatory T (Treg) cells and T helper 17 (Th17) cells are closely associated with various viral infections.

Objective: We analyzed Treg cells and Th17 cells in patients with herpes zoster and investigated their relationship with the reactivation of latent VZV.

Potential Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Overactive Bladder Patients: Urinary Nerve Growth Factor, Prostaglandin E2, and Adenosine Triphosphate.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of overactive bladder (OAB).

Methods: A total of 219 subjects were enrolled and divided into 2 groups: OAB subjects (n=189) and controls without OAB symptoms (n=30). Three-day voiding diaries and questionnaires were collected, and urinary levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), prostaglandin E2, and adenosine triphosphate were measured and normalized to urine creatinine (Cr).

Rivaroxaban vs Warfarin Sodium in the Ultra-Early Period After Atrial Fibrillation-Related Mild Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: In atrial fibrillation (AF)-related acute ischemic stroke, the optimal oral anticoagulation strategy remains unclear.

Objective: To test whether rivaroxaban or warfarin sodium is safer and more effective for preventing early recurrent stroke in patients with AF-related acute ischemic stroke.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A randomized, multicenter, open-label, blinded end point evaluation, comparative phase 2 trial was conducted from April 28, 2014, to December 7, 2015, at 14 academic medical centers in South Korea among patients with mild AF-related stroke within the previous 5 days who were deemed suitable for early anticoagulation.

The caspase-8/Bid/cytochrome c axis links signals from death receptors to mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.

Ligation of the death receptors for TNF-α, FasL, and TRAIL triggers two common pathways, caspase-dependent intrinsic apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The apoptotic pathway is well characterized; however, a signaling linker between the death receptor and ROS production has not been clearly elucidated. Here, we found that death receptor-induced ROS generation was strongly inhibited by mitochondrial complex I and II inhibitors, but not by inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase or xanthine oxidase, indicating that ROS are mostly generated by the impairment of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.

GABBR2 mutations determine phenotype in rett syndrome and epileptic encephalopathy.

Objective: Rett syndrome (RTT) and epileptic encephalopathy (EE) are devastating neurodevelopmental disorders with distinct diagnostic criteria. However, highly heterogeneous and overlapping clinical features often allocate patients into the boundary of the two conditions, complicating accurate diagnosis and appropriate medical interventions. Therefore, we investigated the specific molecular mechanism that allows an understanding of the pathogenesis and relationship of these two conditions.

Mega Acer Kit® is more effective for warming the intravenous fluid than Ranger™ and ThermoSens® at 440 ml/h of infusion rate: an experimental performance study.

Background: Few studies have investigated the effectiveness of intravenous fluid warmers at low and moderate flow rates below 1,000 ml/h. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of three different fluid warmers at a low flow rate (440 ml/h).

Methods: We experimentally investigated the fluid warming performances of Mega Acer Kit® (Group M, n = 10), Ranger™ (Group R, n = 10), and ThermoSens® (Group T, n = 10) at 440 ml/h for 60 min.

Combined Therapy of Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization and Radiofrequency Ablation versus Surgical Resection for Single 2-3 cm Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Propensity-Score Matching Analysis.

Purpose: To compare therapeutic outcomes of radiofrequency (RF) ablation combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization vs surgical resection (SR) for single 2-3 cm hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Materials And Methods: Seventy patients underwent combined chemoembolization/RF ablation therapy and 84 underwent SR. Local tumor progression (LTP), intrahepatic distant recurrence (IDR), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) rates, as well as major complications and duration of hospital stay, were compared between groups before and after propensity-score matching.

Anatomic mapping and clinicopathologic analysis of benign acral melanocytic neoplasms: A comparison between adults and children.

Background: The clinicopathologic features of benign acral melanocytic neoplasms (BAMNs) remain poorly understood.

Objective: To define the clinicopathologic features of BAMNs.

Methods: We analyzed clinical data and mapped BAMNs anatomically.

Thrombocytopenia induced by dabigatran: two case reports.

Background: Vitamin K inhibitors (e.g. warfarin) and indirect thrombin inhibitors (e.

c-Fos-dependent miR-22 targets MDC1 and regulates DNA repair in terminally differentiated cells.

Terminally differentiated cells have a reduced capacity to repair double-stranded breaks (DSB) in DNA, however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that miR-22 is upregulated during postmitotic differentiation of human breast MCF-7 cells, hematopoietic HL60 and K562 cells. Increased expression of miR-22 in differentiated cells was associated with decreased expression of MDC1, a protein that plays a key role in the response to DSBs.

The Use of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology in Korea: A Nationwide Multicenter Survey by the Korean Society of Endocrine Pathologists.

Background: The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) has standardized the reporting of thyroid cytology specimens. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the nationwide usage of TBSRTC and assess the malignancy rates in each category of TBSRTC in Korea.

Methods: Questionnaire surveys were used for data collection on the fine needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules at 74 institutes in 2012.

PIG3 Regulates p53 Stability by Suppressing Its MDM2-Mediated Ubiquitination.

Under normal, non-stressed conditions, intracellular p53 is continually ubiquitinated by MDM2 and targeted for degradation. However, in response to severe genotoxic stress, p53 protein levels are markedly increased and apoptotic cell death is triggered. Inhibiting the ubiquitination of p53 under conditions where DNA damage has occurred is therefore crucial for preventing the development of cancer, because if cells with severely damaged genomes are not removed from the population, uncontrolled growth can result.

Phosphorylation of p53 at threonine 155 is required for Jab1-mediated nuclear export of p53.

The Jun activation-domain binding protein 1 (Jab1) induces p53 nuclear export and cytoplasmic degradation, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we show that phosphorylation at the threonine 155 residue is essential for Jab1-mediated p53 nuclear export. Jab1 stimulated phosphorylation of p53 at T155 was inhibited by curcumin, an inhibitor of COP9 signalosome (CSN)-associated kinases.

Micronized Cross-Linked Human Acellular Dermal Matrices: An Effective Scaffold for Collagen Synthesis and Promising Material for Tissue Augmentation.

Micronized cross-linked human acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) contain the extracellular components necessary for cell integration and tissue remodeling, and have high tensile strength and durability. We hypothesized that such material could serve as a scaffold to enhance the survival of adipocytes in grafted fat. Nude mice (n = 15) were randomly assigned to three groups, each receiving different subcutaneous injections into two dorsal paravertebral areas: fat and saline (control), fat and micronized ADM (E1), and fat and diluted micronized ADM (E2).

Erratum: Figure Correction.

[This corrects the article on p. 506 in vol. 59, PMID: 27896253.

Erratum to: Raloxifene Administration in Women Treated with Long Term Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Agonist for Severe Endometriosis: Effects on Bone Mineral Density.

[This corrects the article on p. 174 in vol. 22, PMID: 28119898.

Combination Therapy of Raloxifene and Alendronate for Treatment of Osteoporosis in Elderly Women.

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of the combination of raloxifene and alendronate with those of monotherapies in elderly women with osteoporosis.

Methods: Sixty-two postmenopausal women (mean age 63.5 ± 0.