Erratum to: Raloxifene Administration in Women Treated with Long Term Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Agonist for Severe Endometriosis: Effects on Bone Mineral Density.

[This corrects the article on p. 174 in vol. 22, PMID: 28119898.

Combination Therapy of Raloxifene and Alendronate for Treatment of Osteoporosis in Elderly Women.

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of the combination of raloxifene and alendronate with those of monotherapies in elderly women with osteoporosis.

Methods: Sixty-two postmenopausal women (mean age 63.5 ± 0.

Functional characterization of the copper transcription factor AfMac1 from .

Although copper functions as a cofactor in many physiological processes, copper overload leads to harmful effects in living cells. Thus, copper homeostasis is tightly regulated. However, detailed copper metabolic pathways have not yet been identified in filamentous fungi.

Adjacent Bilateral Stress Pedicle Fractures after Instrumented Lumbar Fusion: A Case Report.

Bilateral pedicle stress fractures are rare even in the elderly. Bilateral pedicle fractures are due to post-surgical complications at the level of fusion or stress related activities in most cases. The authors describe a unique case of adjacent L4 bilateral pedicle fractures, which developed 4 years after anterior lumbar interbody fusion with bone cement augmented screw fixation at the L5-S1 level.

The De Ritis (aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase) ratio as a predictor of oncological outcomes in patients after surgery for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma.

Purpose: Recently, several studies have shown that the De Ritis ratio (aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase) can be a useful prognostic biomarker for certain types of malignant tumors. However, the prognostic value of the De Ritis ratio in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma remains largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of the De Ritis ratio in patients who had undergone radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma.

Clinicopathological Significance and Prognosis of Medullary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: A Meta-analysis.

Background: The objective of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate the clinicopathological significance and prognosis of micro-MTC compared to macro-MTC.

Methods: Relevant articles were obtained by searching the PubMed and MEDLINE databases. A meta-analysis was performed using 15 eligible studies.

Genetic Polymorphisms , , and on the VEGF Gene Are Correlated with Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis and Ischemic Stroke.

Extracranial internal carotid artery (ECICA) stenosis is a modifiable risk factor of ischemic stroke. VEGF plays a crucial role in the maintenance of endothelial integrity and physiological function. This study was designed to assess the correlations of VEGF polymorphisms with ECICA stenosis in ischemic stroke and to explore the relationships between these polymorphisms and different biochemical parameters.

Comparison of Unsatisfactory Samples from Conventional Smear versus Liquid-Based Cytology in Uterine Cervical Cancer Screening Test.

Background: Cervical cytology for uterine cervical cancer screening has transitioned from conventional smear (CS) to liquid-based cytology (LBC), which has many advantages. The aim of this study was to compare the proportion of unsatisfactory specimens from CS versus LBC at multiple institutions including general hospitals and commercial laboratories.

Methods: Each participating institution provided a minimum of 500 Papanicolaou (Pap) test results for analysis.

Sonographic Findings of Accessory Breast Tissue in Axilla and Related Diseases.

Accessory breast tissue results from failed regression of primitive mammary tissue and is most often located in the axilla. Accessory breast tissue itself is normal and should not be misdiagnosed as an abnormality. Both benign and malignant diseases that occur in the normal breast can also develop in accessory breast tissue in the axilla.

53BP1 contributes to regulation of autophagic clearance of mitochondria.

Autophagy, the primary recycling pathway within cells, plays a critical role in mitochondrial quality control under normal growth conditions and in the cellular response to stress. Here we provide evidence that 53BP1, a DNA damage response protein, is involved in regulating mitochondrial clearance from the cell via a type of autophagy termed mitophagy. We found that when either human or mouse cells were 53BP1-deficient, there was an increase in mitochondrial abnormalities, as observed through staining intensity, aggregation, and increased mass.

Dimerization in LBD16 and LBD18 Transcription Factors Is Critical for Lateral Root Formation.

LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN/ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2-LIKEs (hereafter referred to as LBD) are plant-specific transcription factors that play important roles in a plethora of plant growth and development. The leucine (Leu) zipper-like coiled-coil motif in the lateral organ boundaries domain of the class I LBD proteins has been proposed to mediate protein dimerization, but it has not been experimentally assessed yet. LBD16 and LBD18 have been well characterized to play important roles in lateral root development in Arabidopsis ().

MxaJ structure reveals a periplasmic binding protein-like architecture with unique secondary structural elements.

MxaJ is a component of type II methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) that mediates electron transfer during methanol oxidation in methanotrophic bacteria. However, little is known about how MxaJ structurally cooperates with MDH and Cytochrome c . Here, we report for the first time the crystal structure of MxaJ.

Regional Comparison of Multiphase Computed Tomographic Angiography and Computed Tomographic Perfusion for Prediction of Tissue Fate in Ischemic Stroke.

Background And Purpose: Within different brain regions, we determine the comparative value of multiphase computed tomographic angiography (mCTA) and computed tomographic perfusion (CTP) in predicting follow-up infarction.

Methods: Patients with M1-middle cerebral artery occlusions were prospectively included in this multicenter study. Regional analysis was performed for each patient within Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score regions M2 to M6.

Surgical Outcomes of Primary and Recurrent Female Urethral Diverticula.

Objective: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of female urethral diverticulectomy.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 68 patients with symptomatic urethral diverticula (UD) with at least 1 year of follow-up data following transvaginal urethral diverticulectomy conducted by a single surgeon. The presence of UD was confirmed by a preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

The oncogenic effects of p53-inducible gene 3 (PIG3) in colon cancer cells.

The p53-inducible gene 3 (PIG3), initially identified as a gene downstream of p53, plays an important role in the apoptotic process triggered by p53-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Recently, several studies have suggested that PIG3 may play a role in various types of cancer. However, the functional significance of PIG3 in cancer remains unclear.

Extremely refractory Kawasaki disease with disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a rare complication of Kawasaki disease and appears in <0.1% of Kawasaki disease patients. We report a case of refractory Kawasaki disease complicated with disseminated intravascular coagulation and giant coronary aneurysm.

TM0416, a Hyperthermophilic Promiscuous Nonphosphorylated Sugar Isomerase, Catalyzes Various C and C Epimerization Reactions.

There is currently little information on nonphosphorylated sugar epimerases, which are of potential interest for producing rare sugars. We found a gene (the TM0416 gene) encoding a putative d-tagatose-3-epimerase-related protein from the hyperthermophilic bacterium We overexpressed the TM0416 gene in and purified the resulting recombinant protein for detailed characterization. Amino acid sequence alignment and a structural similarity search revealed that TM0416 is a putative nonphosphorylated sugar epimerase.

Raloxifene Administration in Women Treated with Long Term Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Agonist for Severe Endometriosis: Effects on Bone Mineral Density.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of raloxifene in preventing bone loss associated with long term gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) administration.

Methods: Twenty-two premenopausal women with severe endometriosis were treated with leuprolide acetate depot at a dosage of 3.75 mg/4 weeks, for 48 weeks.

Clinical implications of APEX1 and Jagged1 as chemoresistance factors in biliary tract cancer.

Purpose: Biliary cancer is a highly malignant neoplasm with poor prognosis and most patients need to undergo palliative chemotherapy, however major clinical problem associated with the use of chemotherapy is chemoresistance. So far, we aimed at investigating clinical implications of apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APEX1) and Jagged1 as chemoresistance factors in biliary tract cancer.

Methods: We used 5 human biliary tract cancer cell lines (SNU-245, SNU-308, SNU-478, SNU-1079, and SNU-1196), and investigated the chemosensitivity of APEX1 and Jagged1 through 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Western blot.

Acanthosis Nigricans as a Clinical Predictor of Insulin Resistance in Obese Children.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the utility of acanthosis nigricans (AN) severity as an index for predicting insulin resistance in obese children.

Methods: The subjects comprised 74 obese pediatric patients who attended the Department of Pediatrics at Chosun University Hospital between January 2013 and March 2016. Waist circumference; body mass index; blood pressure; fasting glucose and fasting insulin levels; lipid profile; aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, glycated hemoglobin, C-peptide, and uric acid levels; and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and quantitative insulin check sensitivity index (QUICKI) scores were compared between subjects with AN and those without AN.

Clinical significance and predictive factors of early massive recurrence after radiofrequency ablation in patients with a single small hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background/aims: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is one of the most frequently applied curative treatments in patients with a single small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the clinical significance of and risk factors for early massive recurrence after RFA-a dreadful event limiting further curative treatment-have not been fully evaluated.

Methods: In total, 438 patients with a single HCC of size ≤3 cm who underwent percutaneous RFA as an initial treatment between 2006 and 2009 were included.

Identifying the cellular location of brain cytoplasmic 200 RNA using an RNA-recognizing antibody.

Brain cytoplasmic 200 RNA (BC200 RNA) is a neuron-specific non-coding RNA, implicated in the inhibition of local synaptodendritic protein synthesis, and is highly expressed in some cancer cells. Although BC200 RNA has been shown to inhibit translation in vitro, the cellular location of this inhibition is unknown. In this study, we used a BC200 RNA-recognizing antibody to identify the cellular locations of BC200 RNA in HeLa cervical carcinoma cells.

Peanut sprout extract attenuates cisplatin-induced ototoxicity by induction of the Akt/Nrf2-mediated redox pathway.

Objective: Cisplatin is commonly used to treat solid tumors. However, permanent hearing loss is a major side effect of cisplatin chemotherapy and often results in dose reduction of the cisplatin chemotherapy. Peanut sprouts show cytoprotective properties owing to their antioxidant activities.

Down-regulation of MsrB3 induces cancer cell apoptosis through reactive oxygen species production and intrinsic mitochondrial pathway activation.

Methionine sulfoxide reductase B3 (MsrB3) is a protein repair enzyme that specifically catalyzes the reduction of methionine-R-sulfoxide residues and has an antioxidant function. We have previously shown that depletion of MsrB3 suppresses the proliferation of normal mammalian cells by arresting cell cycle. In this study, we report the crucial role of MsrB3 in cancer cell death.