Early management of adult sepsis and septic shock: Korean clinical practice guidelines.

Background: Despite recent advances and global improvements in sepsis recognition and supportive care, mortality rates remain high, and adherence to sepsis bundle components in Korea is low. To address this, the Korean Sepsis Alliance, affiliated with the Korean Society of Critical Care Medicine, developed the first sepsis treatment guidelines for Korea based on a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: A de novo method was used to develop the guidelines.

Severe Pneumonia in PICU Admissions: The Pediatric Acute and Critical Care Medicine Asian Network (PACCMAN) Observational Cohort Study, 2020-2022.

Objectives: Mortality from pneumonia is three times higher in Asia compared with industrialized countries. We aimed to determine the epidemiology, microbiology, and outcome of severe pneumonia in PICUs across the Pediatric Acute and Critical Care Medicine Asian Network (PACCMAN).

Design: Prospective multicenter observational study from June 2020 to September 2022.

Prevalence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unclassified, as Estimated Using the Revised Porto Criteria, among Korean Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Purpose: Few studies have reported the prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease unclassified (IBDU) among Korean pediatric IBD (PIBD) population. To address this gap, we used two tertiary centers and nationwide population-based healthcare administrative data to estimate the prevalence of Korean pediatric IBDU at the time of diagnosis.

Methods: We identified 136 patients aged 2-17 years with newly diagnosed IBD (94 Crohn's disease [CD] and 42 ulcerative colitis [UC]) from two tertiary centers in Korea between 2005 and 2017.

Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Korea: A Multicenter Retrospective Study on Utilization and Outcomes Spanning Over a Decade.

Background: Over the last decade, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use in critically ill children has increased and is associated with favorable outcomes. Our study aims to evaluate the current status of pediatric ECMO in Korea, with a specific focus on its volume and changes in survival rates based on diagnostic indications.

Methods: This multicenter study retrospectively analyzed the indications and outcomes of pediatric ECMO over 10 years in patients at 14 hospitals in Korea from January 2012 to December 2021.

Early experiences in robotic single-site plus one port platform for complex hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery.

Background: Minimal invasive surgery in hepatobiliary and pancreatic (HBP) surgery has been accepted worldwide in recent years. However, applications of single-site laparoscopic surgery in complex HBP surgery have been limited due to difficulty in manoeuvring instruments and the limited range of motion resulting from clashing instruments.

Methods: To overcome the limitations, we have used the Da Vinci single-site surgical platform with one additional port in a Da Vinci Xi system to perform donor right hepatectomy, pancreaticoduodenectomy, and combined resection of the common bile duct and spleen vessels preserving distal pancreatectomy.

Rat Model of Normothermic Ex-Situ Perfused Heterotopic Heart Transplantation.

Heart transplantation is the most effective therapy for end-stage heart failure. Despite the improvements in therapeutic approaches and interventions, the number of heart failure patients waiting for transplantation is still increasing. The normothermic ex situ preservation technique has been established as a comparable method to the conventional static cold storage technique.

Afebrile benign convulsions with or without a reversible splenial lesion in two pediatric patients with COVID-19.

Background: Seizures in children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were markedly increased during the Omicron variant surge. Most seizures occurred with fever. New-onset afebrile seizures were rarely reported; therefore, their courses are not well-known.

Hypoalbuminemia and Albumin Replacement during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Patients with Cardiogenic Shock.

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been widely used in patients with cardiorespiratory failure. The serum albumin level is an important prognostic marker in critically ill patients. We evaluated the efficacy of using pre-ECMO serum albumin levels to predict 30-day mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) who underwent venoarterial (VA) ECMO.

Extracorporeal circulation models in small animals: beyond the limits of preclinical research.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use has remarkably increased in recent years. Although ECMO has become essential for patients with refractory cardiac and respiratory failure, extracorporeal circulation (ECC) is associated with significant complications. Small-animal models of ECC have been developed and widely used to better understand ECC-induced pathophysiology.

Combined effects of sepsis and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on left ventricular performance in a murine model.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may be a viable salvage therapy in selected patients with septic shock. As ECMO use increases, we studied left ventricular (LV) performance during sepsis with and without ECMO using a pressure-volume (PV) loop in a murine model and aimed to understand LV hemodynamics in septic shock with ECMO. The rats were divided into Group 1 (ECMO applied to healthy rats), Group 2 (ECMO for septic rats), Group 3 (Controls, n = 20) and Group 4 (Sepsis induction only, n = 20).

Rates of rare copy number variants in different circumstances among patients with genetic developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.

Background: Most patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) have genetic etiology, which has been uncovered with different methods. Although chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) has been broadly used in patients with DEE, data is still limited.

Methods: Among 560 children (<18 years) who underwent CMA in our hospital between January 2013 and June 2021, 146 patients with developmental delay and recurrent seizures were screened.

Digital Media Influence on Adolescents' Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Self-Intravenous Injection of Drinking Yogurt.

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, widened physical distance and social deprivation are being replaced with digital media use. The media's social function has tremendously increased following the COVID-19 era and adolescents living in a media-saturated world are the most vulnerable subjects of all. Social media use can encourage risky behavior in adolescents.

Serotype analysis of pediatric enteroviral meningitis in Gwangju, Republic of Korea: Number of annual cases, distribution by age group, and characteristics of each serotype.

Background: Enteroviral meningitis is a common disease in children; however, serotype data are still lacking, especially for late childhood.

Objectives: This study analyzed the number of annual cases, distribution by age group, and characteristics of each serotype among children with enteroviral meningitis.

Study Design: After the initial screening of 1,009 children (<18 years) with viral meningitis between 2008 and 2021, the data of enteroviral meningitis were retrospectively reviewed.

Chest Pain and Suspected Myocarditis Related to COVID-19 Vaccination in Adolescents-A Case Series.

As adolescents started to be vaccinated against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), suspected myocarditis and pericarditis related to the vaccine were reported in adolescents. According to the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), 2,796,270 persons aged 12−18 years were fully vaccinated by December 8. Among these, 9223 adverse events were reported (0.

The Outcome of Post-cardiotomy Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Neonates and Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Post-cardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (PC-ECMO) is a known rescue therapy for neonates and pediatric patients who failed to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) or who deteriorate in intensive care unit (ICU) due to various reasons such as low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS), cardiac arrest and respiratory failure. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the survival in neonates and pediatric patients who require PC-ECMO and sought the difference in survivals by each indication for PC-ECMO.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Prediction of 6-Month Mortality Using Pre-Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Lactate in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Veno-Arterial-Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Background: The effectiveness of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for patients with refractory cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest is being established, and serum lactate is well known as a biomarker of end-organ perfusion. We evaluated the efficacy of pre-ECMO lactate for predicting 6-month survival in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing ECMO.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 148 patients who underwent veno-arterial (VA) ECMO for ACS between January 2015 and June 2020.

Circulating Immune Cell Profile and Changes in Intravenous Immunoglobulin Responsiveness Over the Disease Course in Children With Kawasaki Disease.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, self-limited febrile illness of young children. The etiology of KD remains to be poorly understood. There has been limited research on longitudinal examination of peripheral blood leukocytes for immune profiling particularly in relation to treatment response with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).

A Comparative Study of an Anti-Thrombotic Small-Diameter Vascular Graft with Commercially Available e-PTFE Graft in a Porcine Carotid Model.

Background: We have designed a reinforced drug-loaded vascular graft composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) and polydioxanone (PDO) via a combination of electrospinning/3D printing approaches. To evaluate its potential for clinical application, we compared the in vivo blood compatibility and performance of PCL/PDO + 10%DY grafts doped with an antithrombotic drug (dipyridamole) with a commercial expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) graft in a porcine model.

Methods: A total of 10 pigs (weight: 25-35 kg) were used in this study.