Mental Health and Personality Characteristics of University Students at Risk of Smartphone Overdependence.

The purpose of this study was to verify the relationship between the risk of smartphone dependence, mental health, and personality traits in university students using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF), and to identify the MMPI-2-RF scales that can predict the risk of smartphone dependence. Of the 772 university students who participated in the study, 163 were in the smartphone overdependence group, accounting for 21.1% of the total survey respondents, which was one in five of those surveyed.

Christian Spirituality and Smartphone Addiction in Adolescents: A Comparison of High-Risk, Potential-Risk, and Normal Control Groups.

The goal of this study was to compare aspects of Christian spirituality such as God's image and sense of spiritual well-being among three groups: the high-risk, potential-risk and normal control groups for smartphone addiction. Participants were: 11 adolescents in the high-risk group for smartphone addiction; 20 adolescents who were potentially at risk of smartphone addiction, and 254 adolescents who were in the normal control group. The results showed that the high-risk group for smartphone addiction adolescent group showed low levels of spiritual well-being and positive image of God comparing to those in the potential-risk and control groups.

Validity and reliability of the developmental assessment screening scale.

Objectives: To develop and validate the 6-year Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) for school-age children.

Methods: Parents/caregivers of children 66-78 months were recruited from 6 countries and 15 states in the United States. Similar to other ASQ intervals, the 6-year ASQ has five developmental domains targeted for children from 66 months to 78 months of age.

Cultural adaptation of a parent completed social emotional screening instrument for young children: Ages And Stages Questionnaire-Social Emotional.

A major barrier to the identification and treatment of social and emotional problems in young children is the lack of psychometrically sound, low-cost, culturally and linguistically appropriate assessments, especially for the preschool population. While some screening instruments have been developed in the United States, very little or no interest in this area has materialized in Korea. One possible solution is an adaptation of an existing tool from the U.

Cross-cultural adaptation of a pre-school screening instrument: comparison of Korean and US populations.

Background: Accurate and efficient developmental screening measures are critical for early identification of developmental problems; however, few reliable and valid tests are available in Korea as well as other countries outside the USA. The Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) was chosen for study with young children in Korea.

Methods: The ASQ was translated into Korean and necessary cross-cultural adaptations were made.