Palladium-catalyzed allylic C-H alkylation of terminal olefins with 3-carboxamide oxindoles.

A novel palladium-catalyzed allylic C-H alkylation of terminal olefins with 3-carboxamide oxindoles is described. A variety of new 3-carboxamide-3-allylation oxindoles with an all-carbon quaternary center were obtained in moderate to good yields (up to 99%). In addition, the asymmetric version of this reaction was also explored, providing moderate enantioselectivity.

3D Printed Titanium Scaffolds with Bi-Directional Gradient QK-Functionalized Surface.

3D printed titanium scaffold has promising applications in orthopedics. However, the bioinert titanium presents challenges for promoting vascularization and tissue growth within the porous scaffold for stable osteointegration. In this study, a modular porous titanium scaffold is created using 3D printing and a gradient-surface strategy to immobilize QK peptide on the surface with a bi-directional gradient distribution.

Effects of traditional Chinese exercises on brain-derived neurotrophic factor in middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may help middle-aged and older adults resist age-related neurodegenerative conditions and psychiatric disorders. Recent studies suggested that Traditional Chinese exercises (TCEs) may be a promising strategy to improve the BDNF levels of these populations, while the effectiveness has yet to be definitively confirmed due to the variances in the study designs and observations. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effects of TCEs intervention on BDNF in middle-aged and older adults.

Yip1 interacting factor homolog B mediates the unconventional secretion of ORF8 during SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Severe cases of COVID-19 are associated with immune responses that lead to a surge in inflammatory molecules, resulting in multi-organ failure and death. This significant increase in inflammatory factors is triggered by viral proteins. Open reading frame 8 (ORF8) has received particular attention as a unique accessory protein of SARS-CoV-2.

A self-hygroscopic, rapidly self-gelling polysaccharide-based sponge with robust wet adhesion for non-compressible hemorrhage control and infected wounds healing.

Uncontrollable non-compressible hemorrhage and traumatic infection have been major causes of mortality and disability in both civilian and military populations. A dressing designed for point-of-care control of non-compressible hemorrhage and prevention of traumatic infections represents an urgent medical need. Here, a novel self-gelling sponge OHN@ε-pL is developed, integrating N-succinimidyl ester oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHN) and ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-pL).

High clinical utility of long-read sequencing for precise diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in 322 probands.

Background: The molecular genetic diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is very challenging due to the high homology between the CYP21A2 gene and its pseudogene CYP21A1P.

Methodology: This study aims to assess the clinical efficacy of targeted long-read sequencing (T-LRS) by comparing it with a control method based on the combined assay (NGS, Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and Sanger sequencing) and to introduce T-LRS as a first-tier diagnostic test for suspected CAH patients to improve the precise diagnosis of CAH.

Results: A large cohort of 562 participants including 322 probands and 240 family members was enrolled for the perspective (96 probands) and prospective study (226 probands).

Association of whole grain food consumption with lung cancer risk: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Whether the intake of whole grain foods can protect against lung cancer is a long-standing question of considerable public health import, but the epidemiologic evidence has been limited. Therefore we aim to investigate the relationship between whole grain food consumption and lung cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) cohort.

Methods: Diet was assessed with a self-administered Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ) at baseline.

Diagnostic value and fracture healing-preventing effect of upregulated microRNA-4534 in patients with osteoporotic fractures.

Background: Osteoporosis fracture is a common and most serious complication of osteoporosis.

Hypothesis: This study sought to assess the level, the diagnostic potential, and the effect of circulating miR-4534 in osteoporotic fractures.

Methods: GSE74209 and GSE93883 were analyzed using GEO2R online tool for differentially expressed microRNAs in osteoporotic fractures.

Inter-Species Dynamics of Non-Coding RNAs: Impact on Host Immunomodulation and Pathogen Survival.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are composed of nucleotides that do not encode proteins but instead serve as guides. It interacts with amino acids at precise genomic sites, influencing chromatin structure and gene expression. These ncRNAs contribute to numerous inter-species dynamics, including those within the vector-host-pathogen triad.

Gut microbial GABA imbalance emerges as a metabolic signature in mild autism spectrum disorder linked to overrepresented Escherichia.

Gut microbiota (GM) alterations have been implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet the specific functional architecture remains elusive. Here, employing multi-omics approaches, we investigate stool samples from two distinct cohorts comprising 203 children with mild ASD or typical development. In our screening cohort, regression-based analysis for metabolomic profiling identifies an elevated γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to glutamate (Glu) ratio as a metabolic signature of ASD, independent of age and gender.

Transcatheter rectal arterial chemoembolization with oxaliplatin and concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer: A retrospective comparative study.

Background: The aim of the study is to assess whether transcatheter rectal arterial chemoembolization (TRACE) with oxaliplatin could increase the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) and improve survival outcomes, while minimizing adverse events compared to preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) alone.

Methods: Eligible LARC patients who received TRACE with oxaliplatin plus chemoradiotherapy (the NATRACE-CRT group) or preoperative CRT alone (the NA-CRT group) were retrospectively selected from the database of our institution. Pathological results, treatment-related adverse events and survival in the two groups were compared.

Genistein-3'-sodium sulfonate suppresses NLRP3-mediated cell pyroptosis after cerebral ischemia.

Cerebral ischemia-induced pyroptosis contributes to the dissemination of neuroinflammation, and Nod-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a key role in this process. Previous studies have indicated that Genistein-3'-sodiumsulfonate (GSS) can inhibit neuroinflammation caused by cerebral ischemia, exert cerebroprotective effects, but its specific mechanism has not been comprehensively understood. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of GSS on ischemic stroke-induced cell pyroptosis.

Association between hormone therapy and glioma risk in US women: a cancer screening trial.

Objective: Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults, and the role of hormone therapy (HT) in their development remains controversial. This study with a cohort design aimed to investigate the association between HT use and glioma risk using the data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial.

Methods: We analyzed data from 75,335 women, aged 50-78, who were enrolled between 1993 and 2001.

Copper-catalysed radical cascade reaction of -(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl) substituted 2-pyridones with styrene to access 1,6-carboannulated 2-pyridone scaffolds.

Herein, we present that treating -(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl) substituted 2-pyridones with styrenes in DMSO/HO at 120 °C affords 1,6-carboannulated 2-pyridone scaffolds with up to 79% yield. This protocol provides a simple and efficient method for obtaining complicated bicyclic 2-pyridones through a radical cascade reaction. Additionally, we have successfully synthesized 27 target compounds, which confirms the practicality and wide applicability of the proposed reaction.

Proteomics unveil candidate biomarkers and pathogenesis of subacute thyroiditis.

Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is an inflammatory thyroid disease characterized by neck pain, tenderness, general symptoms, and thyroid dysfunction. Despite gaining new insights into the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of SAT in recent years, the exact pathogenesis and determinants of its clinical progression remain unclear. Here, we profiled thyroid in situ protein alterations in fine needle aspiration biopsy samples from SAT patients using proteomic analysis and uncovered 57 differentially abundant proteins.

Validation Status of Electronic Sphygmomanometers in China: A National Survey.

Background: Although the information on the validation status of electronic sphygmomanometer (ES) devices in use in health care institutions and households is much more clinically relevant than that of ES models available on the market, it remains insufficient.

Methods: A national survey was conducted across all administrative regions of mainland China to assess the validation status of ESs. Fifty-eight cities were selected with stratification by municipality, provincial capital, and other cities, and health care institutions and households in each city were chosen by convenience to identify ES devices in use according to the study protocol.

Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the pharmacognostic mechanism of the metabolism of flavonoids in different parts of Polygonum capitatum.

The plant Polygonum capitatum (P. capitatum) contains a variety of flavonoids that are distributed differently among different parts. Nevertheless, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with this heterogeneous distribution have not been identified.

Advancing allergic rhinitis research through phenome-wide association studies: Insights from known genetic loci.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common chronic respiratory disease that can lead to the development of various other conditions. Although genetic risk loci associated with AR have been reported, the connections between these loci and AR comorbidities or other diseases remain unclear.

Methods: This study conducted a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) using known AR risk loci to explore the impact of known AR risk variants on a broad spectrum of phenotypes.

High‑intensity focused ultrasound thermal ablation boosts the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced cancers with liver metastases: A single‑center retrospective cohort study.

High-intensity focused ultrasound thermal ablation (HIFU) is a novel non-invasive technique in the treatment of liver metastases (LIM) that allows focal destruction and is not affected by dose limits. This retrospective study aimed to explore the efficacy of HIFU in improving survival and the safety of the method in newly diagnosed patients with cancer with LIM who received first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Between January 2018 and December 2023, data from 438 newly diagnosed patients with cancer and LIM who were treated at Mianyang Central Hospital (Mianyang, China) were reviewed.

Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Docking Studies of 2-hydroxy-4-benzyloxy Chalcone Derivatives as Multifunctional Agents for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

Objectives: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, but no drugs can cure this disease. Chalcones possess good antioxidant activity, anti-neuroinflammatory activity, neuroprotective effects, inhibitory effects on Aβ aggregation, and Aβ disaggregation ability. Therefore, chalcones are ideal lead compounds, and the discovery of novel anti-AD agent-based chalcones is necessary.

Twisted Cucurbit[14]uril-Based Supramolecular Self-Assembly Induces Fluorescence Emission of Dye Molecules for Multi-Channel Cell Imaging.

In this study, a supramolecular fluorescent material was constructed by using double-cavity twisted cucurbit[14]uril (tQ[14]) and positively charged Astrazon Pink FG (APFG) based on the non-covalent host-guest interaction for the first time. The thermodynamic parameters of the APFG@tQ[14] in aqueous solution were determined by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), the results indicated that the spontaneous assembly of APFG@tQ[14] is mainly driven by enthalpy. The intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect induced the APFG@tQ[14] probe to emit a strong orange-red fluorescence.

Factors influencing adherence to home based pulmonary rehabilitation programme by high risk patients awaiting lung surgery: mixed methods study.

Objective: Preoperative home based pulmonary rehabilitation (HPR) can reduce postoperative complications in lung surgery patients. This study aimed to investigate the level of adherence to a preoperative HPR programme in high risk patients awaiting lung surgery, and factors influencing adherence.

Design: A mixed methods explanatory sequential design consisting of a quantitative questionnaire survey and a qualitative interview study.

The microenvironment cell index is a novel indicator for the prognosis and therapeutic regimen selection of cancers.

Background: It is worthwhile to establish a prognostic prediction model based on microenvironment cells (MCs) infiltration and explore new treatment strategies for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Methods: The xCell algorithm was used to quantify the cellular components of the TNBC microenvironment based on bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA-seq) data. The MCs index (MCI) was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox (LASSO-Cox) regression analysis.

BMI trajectories are associated with NAFLD and advanced fibrosis via aging-inflammation mediation.

Background: As the global epidemic of obesity fuels metabolic conditions, the burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) will become enormous. Abundant studies revealed the association between high body mass index (BMI) and NAFLD but overlooked the BMI patterns across life stages. We aimed to explore how BMI trajectories over age relate to NAFLD.