Risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis in small-for-gestational-age infants: a matched case-control study.

Few studies have focused on the risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in small for gestational age (SGA) infants. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for NEC in SGA newborns. This study included consecutive SGA neonates admitted to a tertiary hospital in Jiangxi Province, China from Jan 2008 to Dec 2022.

Orientation dependence of R relaxation in the newborn brain.

In MRI the transverse relaxation rate, R = 1/T shows dependence on the orientation of ordered tissue relative to the main magnetic field. In previous studies, orientation effects of R relaxation in the mature brain's white matter have been found to be described by a susceptibility-based model of diffusion through local magnetic field inhomogeneities created by the diamagnetic myelin sheaths. Orientation effects in human newborn white matter have not yet been investigated.

Fisher discriminant model based on LASSO logistic regression for computed tomography imaging diagnosis of pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma in children.

Computed tomography (CT) has been widely used for the diagnosis of pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in children. However, it is difficult to differentiate pelvic RMS from other pelvic malignancies. This study aimed to analyze and select CT features by using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression and established a Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) model for the quantitative diagnosis of pediatric pelvic RMS.

Rapid RNA detection through intra-enzyme chain replacement-promoted Cas13a cascade cyclic reaction without amplification.

The clinical methods to detect RNA viruses and disease-related RNAs suffer from time-consuming processes, high false-positive rates, or limited sensitivity. Here, we propose a strategy for rapid RNA detection through intra-enzyme chain replacement-mediated Cas13a cascade cyclic reaction without target amplification. A hairpin RNA mediator (a cleavage substrate for target-activated Cas13a) and a guiding RNA recognized by the cleavage product through intra-enzyme chain replacement were designed and optimized.

A modified Bilhaut-Cloquet procedure for thumb duplication: Reconstruction of functionality and appearance.

Background: The Bilhaut-Cloquet technique is the preferred surgical method for thumb polydactyly with symmetrical caliber and osseous components. However, the traditional Bilhaut-Cloquet technique has many esthetic and functional complications. In this study, we aimed to investigate an effective modified Bilhaut-Cloquet procedure for Wassel type IV thumb duplication.

Corrigendum: Location-Specific Radiomics Score: Novel Imaging Marker for Predicting Poor Outcome of Deep and Lobar Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.

Location-Specific Radiomics Score: Novel Imaging Marker for Predicting Poor Outcome of Deep and Lobar Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

To derive and validate a location-specific radiomics score (Rad-score) based on noncontrast computed tomography for predicting poor deep and lobar spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) outcome. In total, 494 SICH patients from multiple centers were retrospectively reviewed. Poor outcome was considered mRS 3-6 at 6 months.

Visualization of microRNA-21 Dynamics in Neuroblastoma Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Based on a microRNA-21-Responsive Reporter Gene.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRs) have been shown to be closely associated with the occurrence and development of tumors and to have potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. The detection of miRs by noninvasive imaging technology is crucial for deeply understanding their biological functions. Our aim was to develop a novel miR-21-responsive gene reporter system for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visualization of the miR-21 dynamics in neuroblastoma.

Human embryonic stem cell-derived neural crest model unveils CD55 as a cancer stem cell regulator for therapeutic targeting in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma.

Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common childhood malignant tumor of neural crest (NC) origin with remarkable heterogeneity in outcomes. Amplification of the oncogene MYCN is strongly associated with highly malignant behaviour and poor prognosis.

Methods: This study aims to use a human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived NC model to identify novel downstream effectors of MYCN that can be potentially used as prognostic marker and/or therapeutic target.

Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of Venous Vessels in Neonates with Perinatal Asphyxia.

Background And Purpose: Cerebral venous oxygen saturation can be used as an indirect measure of brain health, yet it often requires either an invasive procedure or a noninvasive technique with poor sensitivity. We aimed to test whether cerebral venous oxygen saturation could be measured using quantitative susceptibility mapping, an MR imaging technique, in 3 distinct groups: healthy term neonates, injured term neonates, and preterm neonates.

Materials And Methods: We acquired multiecho gradient-echo MR imaging data in 16 neonates with perinatal asphyxia and moderate or severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (8 term age: average, 40.

A sample-preparation-free, automated, sample-to-answer system for cell counting in human body fluids.

While many clinical laboratory tests are now highly automated, body fluid cell counting, particularly in low-cellularity samples such as cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), is often performed manually. Here, we report a simple, cost-effective method to obtain white and red blood cell counts from human body fluids such as CSF. The method consists of a compact, automated, and low-cost fluorescence microscope system, coupled to a sample chamber containing all of the necessary reagents in dry form to stain and prepare the sample.

Erratum: Exosomes released by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells protect against renal interstitial fibrosis through ROS-mediated P38MAPK/ERK signaling pathway.

[This corrects the article on p. 4998 in vol. 12, PMID: 33042402.

Cytogenetic and mutational analysis and outcome assessment of a cohort of 284 children with de novo acute myeloid leukemia reveal complex karyotype as an adverse risk factor for inferior survival.

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is rare in children. Although complex karyotype (CK) defined as ≥ 3 cytogenetic abnormalities is an adverse risk factor in adult AML, its prognostic impact on childhood AML remains to be determined.

Results: We studied the prevalence, cytogenetic and mutational features, and outcome impact of CK in a cohort of 284 Chinese children with de novo AML.

MRI detection of the malignant transformation of stem cells through reporter gene expression driven by a tumor-specific promoter.

Background: Existing evidence has shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can undergo malignant transformation, which is a serious limitation of MSC-based therapies. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor malignant transformation of MSCs via a noninvasive imaging method. Although reporter gene-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been successfully applied to longitudinally monitor MSCs, this technique cannot distinguish the cells before and after malignant transformation.

Polyotia: the Confusing Auricular Malformation.

Objective: Polyotia is a very rare auricular malformation, and only few cases have been reported to date. Polyotia has been ambiguously defined, and due to the instability of its shape and condition, no uniform surgical technique has been established up to now. Thus, it is necessary to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of polyotia.

Low-dose Computed Tomography (CT) for the Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease in Children: A Meta-analysis.

Background: Low dose CT has become a promising examination method for the diagnosis of Congenital heart disease (CHD) in children because it has a low radiation dose, but it has not been widely accepted as an alternative to standard-dose CT in clinical applications due to concerns about image quality. Therefore, we suggest that the diagnostic accuracy, image quality, and radiation dose of low-dose CT for CHD in children should be fully explored through a metaanalysis of existing studies.

Methods: A comprehensive search was performed to identify relevant English and Chinese articles (from inception to May 2019).

A Case Series of Penile Skin Grafting in Children.

Pediatric penile skin grafting is rarely performed. We present a case series of four pediatric patients receiving skin grafting due to the loss of penile skin. The four boys were followed up for 1 to 5 years.

Black Hole Sign on Noncontrast Computed Tomography in Predicting Hematoma Expansion in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Meta-analysis.

Background: Black hole sign represents a novel imaging marker for predicting hematoma expansion (HE) in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Several previous studies have reported the accuracy of black hole sign in predicting HE, but the accuracy was variable. We performed a meta-analysis to systematically assess the accuracy of black hole sign in predicting HE in patients with ICH.

Exosomes released by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells protect against renal interstitial fibrosis through ROS-mediated P38MAPK/ERK signaling pathway.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their conditioned medium attenuate renal fibrosis in an irreversible model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). However, the key components that play a role in the paracrine effects of MSCs and their mechanisms of action are not well understood. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether exosomes released by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSC-Ex) would be able to attenuate renal fibrosis in an irreversible model of UUO and further explored potential mechanisms.

Differences in clinical characteristics of early- and late-onset neonatal sepsis caused by pneumoniae.

To identify differences in the clinical characteristics of early- and late-onset sepsis (EOS and LOS) caused by () and to describe the risk factors for multidrug-resistant (MDR-KP) infection. Infants with -induced sepsis who were admitted to a children's Hospital between Jan 2000 and Dec 2019 were included. All infants were divided into EOS and LOS groups, as well as MDR-KP and non-MDR-KP groups.

Construction of Genomic Library and High-Throughput Screening of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Novel Antigens for Potential Vaccines.

Hospital-acquired infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa have become a great challenge in caring for critically ill and immunocompromised patients. The cause of high mortality is the presence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains, which confers a pressing need for vaccines. Although vaccines against P.

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Malignant Ultrasound Features of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Objectives: The malignant ultrasound (US) features of breast cancer are known to include an irregular shape, a noncircumscribed margin, an echogenic halo, a nonparallel orientation, posterior acoustic attenuation, microcalcification, and others. However, these US features are uncertain and controversial for the diagnosis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This study aimed to analyze the diagnostic value of malignant US features for TNBC by a systematic review and meta-analysis, analyze the US characteristics of TNBC, and provide US evidence for clinical diagnosis.

The effect of community hypertension management on blood pressure control and its determinants in southwest China.

Background: Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of community healthcare in controlling blood pressure (BP) and mitigating related risk factors after 5 y of follow-up.

Methods: Hierarchical clustering sampling was employed to choose a representative sample of 10 rural and 10 urban community populations (N=4235).

BMP2 Is Related to Hirschsprung's Disease and Required for Enteric Nervous System Development.

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is derived from neural crest cells (NCCs). Defects in ENS NCCs colonizing in the intestines lead to an absence of enteric ganglia in the colon and results in Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR). Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play diverse roles in the proliferation, migration and survival of ENS NCCs; however, whether BMPs are involved in HSCR and the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown.