Marburg Virus Minigenome Assays.

This chapter describes minigenome systems for Marburg virus (MARV), which reconstitute the viral polymerase complex functions of gene expression and genome replication. Procedures covered herein include passage and seeding of cells, transfection, sample collection, and reporter gene assays.

Homonymous hemi-macular atrophy in multiple sclerosis.

Background: Retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration (TSD) following retro-chiasmal pathology, typically retro-geniculate in multiple sclerosis (MS), may manifest as homonymous hemi-macular atrophy (HHMA) of the ganglion cell/inner plexiform layer (GCIPL).

Objective: To determine the frequency, association with clinical outcomes, and retinal and radiological features of HHMA in people with MS (PwMS).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, healthy controls (HC) and PwMS underwent retinal optical coherence tomography scanning.

The acoustic properties, syllable structure, and syllable sequences of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) during neonatal opioid withdrawal in FVB/N mouse substrains.

Concomitant with the opioid epidemic, there has been a rise in pregnant women diagnosed with opioid use disorder and cases of infants born with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). NOWS refers to signs and symptoms following cessation of prenatal opioid exposure that comprise neurological, gastrointestinal, and autonomic system dysfunction. A critical indicator of NOWS severity is excessive, high-pitched crying.

Utility of the 2019 EULAR/ACR SLE classification criteria for predicting mortality and hospitalisation: development and cross-validation of ominosity score.

Objective: The 2019 European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) classification criteria score (≥20 points) has been associated with poor outcomes. We aimed to evaluate its utility as a predictor for mortality and hospitalisation and to derive and validate an ominosity score based on the SLE classification criteria set.

Methods: Incident patients with SLE in a population-based cohort were included.

Postpartum Access to Health Care and Opioid Use Treatment: An Evaluation of a Medicaid Population.

Background: In this study, we aimed to examine postpartum health care utilization and identify gaps in care among a postpartum Medicaid population of patients diagnosed with opioid use disorder (OUD) during pregnancy.

Methods: We queried North Carolina Medicaid medical and pharmacy claims to identify individuals with a live delivery and evidence of OUD during pregnancy from 2015 to 2019. We examined any evidence of postpartum health care utilization and evidence of medications for OUD (MOUD) during postpartum.

Self-reported exercise engagement and seizure control - A preliminary survey of people with epilepsy at a safety-net hospital.

Benefits of exercise on general health and wellbeing are undeniable. The International League Against Epilepsy has provided some guidance into exercise and sports for epilepsy. However, people with epilepsy are typically misinformed and restricted by fear and lack of evidence about exercise benefits in epilepsy.

Use of Biologic or Targeted Synthetic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs and Cancer Risk.

Importance: The Oral Rheumatoid Arthritis Trial Surveillance demonstrated an increased cancer risk among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) taking tofacitinib compared with those taking tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis). Although international cohort studies have compared cancer outcomes between TNFis, non-TNFi drugs, and Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKis), their generalizability to US patients with RA is limited.

Objective: To assess the comparative safety of TNFis, non-TNFi drugs, and JAKis among US patients with RA (ie, the cancer risk associated with the use of these drugs among these patients).

Family-Focused Prevention and Early Intervention of Substance Use in Pediatric Primary Care Settings.

Prevention of substance misuse and substance use disorders is a national public health priority. The home environment can represent risk or protective factors for development of substance misuse. Children in homes with caregiver substance use are biologically, developmentally, interpersonally, and environmentally vulnerable to substance misuse and associated consequences, making it necessary for substance use prevention to focus on families early.

Accommodation of posttraumatic stress symptoms: A scoping review of the literature.

Social support is protective in the recovery from mental health diagnoses. However, well-intended support can also interfere with treatment, as in the case of accommodation, when a support person changes their behaviors to alleviate a patient's distress. This paper describes a scoping review of the research literature regarding posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and accommodation, conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items extension for Scoping Review Guidelines (PRISMA-ScR).

Reinvigorating the Promise of the National Database for Autism Research (NDAR) to Advance Autism Knowledge.

The National Institute of Mental Health created the National Database for Autism Research (NDAR) to accelerate autism knowledge through data sharing and collaboration. However, our experience using NDAR reveals systematic challenges across several aspects of data submission, selection, management, and analysis that limit utility of this resource. We describe our NDAR experience in an ongoing project examining autism intervention outcomes among marginalized racial, ethnic, and gender groups.

Does implementation of office based addiction treatment by a nurse care manager increase the duration of OUD treatment in primary care? A secondary analysis of the PROUD randomized control trial.

Background: Implementation of office-based addiction treatment (OBAT) by nurse care managers increases overall use of OUD medication, but it is unknown whether it increases treatment duration among treated patients.

Methods: The Primary Care Opioid Use Disorders Treatment (PROUD) trial was a pragmatic, cluster-randomized trial testing whether implementation of OBAT increased OUD treatment in 12 primary care clinics in 6 systems. One of 2 clinics per system was randomized to implement OBAT (intervention), the other, usual care (UC).

Exploring Reciprocal Associations Between Self-Reported Anxiety and Eating Disorder Symptoms Longitudinally: A Bivariate Latent Change Score Approach.

Objective: Consistent data support an association between anxiety and eating disorders (EDs), and theoretical models of EDs suggest that anxiety may be involved in the etiology and maintenance of ED symptoms over time. However, the directionality of relations between these variables remains under-characterized, particularly within treatment settings.

Method: We used bivariate latent change score models to explore longitudinal associations between anxiety and ED symptoms in a sample of ED patients (N = 548, 93.

Proteomic and phosphoproteomic identified structural and functional changes in the aorta associate with age-dependent hypertension in male Sprague Dawley rats.

Hypertension affects 1 in 2 U.S. adults and hypertension prevalence increases with aging.

Health Care Service Utilization Among People with HIV, Chronic Pain, and Depression: Utilization and Cost Outcomes from the HIV-PASS Study.

In the United States (U.S.), 90% of annual health care expenditures are devoted to people with chronic physical and mental health conditions.

Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment for Pregnant People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in South Africa: A Modeling Analysis of Clinical Benefits and Risks.

Background: Although prior studies of tuberculosis-preventive treatment (TPT) for pregnant people with human immunodeficiency virus (PPWH) report conflicting adverse pregnancy outcome (APO) risks, international guidelines recommend TPT for PPWH.

Methods: We used a microsimulation model to evaluate 5 TPT strategies among PPWH receiving antiretroviral therapy in South Africa: No TPT; 6 months of isoniazid (6H) or 3 months of isoniazid-rifapentine (3HP) during pregnancy (Immediate 6H or Immediate 3HP) or post partum (Deferred 6H or Deferred 3HP). The primary outcomes were maternal, fetal/infant, and combined deaths from causes potentially influenced by TPT (maternal tuberculosis, maternal hepatotoxicity, stillbirth, low birth weight [LBW], and infant tuberculosis).

Individuals with SATB2-associated syndrome have impaired vitamin and energy metabolism pathways.

Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) is a master regulator of gene expression. Mutations of the SATB2 gene results in the SATB2-associated syndrome (SAS), a genetic disorder characterized by neurodevelopmental disabilities and autism-related phenotype. The importance of plasma as an indicator of SAS phenotypes is unknown.

A Modern-Day Algorithm for the Treatment of Multi-Ligament Knee Injuries.

Introduction: Multiligament knee injuries (MLKI) are rare and complex, significantly impacting long-term outcomes, with risks of osteoarthritis, joint stiffness, and reduced activity levels.

Objective: To explore the evolution of MLKI treatment protocols, comparing historical and modern approaches, and to present a patient-tailored, preservation-first algorithm.

Methods: This article reviews the literature on MLKI management, focusing on surgical timing, techniques, and rehabilitation protocols.