Subcortical tau deposition and plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein as predictors of cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between subcortical tau-positron emission tomography (Tau-PET) and plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels and cognitive function in participants with cognitively unimpaired (CU), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) conditions.

Methods: 105 participants with amyloid (Aβ) PET and Tau-PET scans were enrolled. Region of interest (ROI) level and voxel-wise comparisons were performed between those three groups.

Favorable outcomes and FDG-PET changes following tocilizumab treatment for febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome in a child.

Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES) is an infrequent yet severe form of epilepsy that rapidly evolves into status epilepticus following a febrile episode. Prompt diagnosis coupled with effective treatment strategies is critical for improving patient outcomes. Herein, we describe the case of an 11-year-old male with FIRES who was successfully treated with tocilizumab, resulting in no further seizures or residual disability.

SerpinB1 targeting safeguards against pathological cardiac hypertrophy and remodelling by suppressing cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and inflammation initiation.

Aims: While the pivotal role of inflammation in pathological cardiac hypertrophy and remodelling is widely acknowledged, the mechanisms triggering inflammation initiation remain largely obscure. This study aims to elucidate the role and mechanism of serpin family B member 1 (SerpinB1) in pro-inflammatory cardiomyocyte pyroptosis, heart inflammation, and cardiac remodelling.

Methods And Results: C57BL/6J wild-type, inducible cardiac-specific SerpinB1 overexpression or knockout mice underwent transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery.

Microenvironment-responsive injectable hydrogel for neuro-vascularized bone regeneration.

Bone is a richly innervated and vascularized tissue, whereas nerve-vascular network reconstruction was often ignored in biomaterial design, resulting in delayed or incomplete bone healing. Inspired by the bone injury microenvironments, here we report a controllable drug delivery strategy using a pH and reactive oxygen species (ROS) dual-response injectable hydrogel. Based on the dynamic borate ester bond covalent crosslinking, nano-hydroxyapatite (HA) and curculigoside (CCG) are integrated into PVA/TSPBA (PT) to construct a responsive injectable hydrogel (PTHC), which scavenges excessive ROS from the injury microenvironment and responsively releases HA and CCG, providing favorable homeostasis and sustained release drug delivery system for bone repair.

Neurosurgical and BCI approaches to visual rehabilitation in occipital lobe tumor patients.

This study investigates the effects of occipital lobe tumors on visual processing and the role of brain-computer interface (BCI) technologies in post-surgical visual rehabilitation. Through a combination of pre-surgical functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), intra-operative direct cortical stimulation (DCS) and Electrocorticography (ECoG), and post-surgical BCI interventions, we provide insight into the complex dynamics between occipital lobe tumors and visual function. Our results highlight a discrepancy between clinical assessments of visual field damage and the patient's reported visual experiences, suggesting a residual functional capacity within the damaged occipital regions.

Functional dependency and cardiometabolic multimorbidity in older people: pooled analysis of individual-level data from 20 countries.

Background: The impact of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) on functional dependency (FD) is well established, but the temporal effect of FD on CMM and its mechanisms remain underexplored.

Design: A multicohort study pooled data from three international cohorts.

Setting: Data were sourced from the Health and Retirement Study (USA), the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (China) and the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in 18 European countries.

The Effect of Antioxidant Polyphenol Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

: Polyphenol is considered to exert a favorable impact on cardiovascular health. : To summarize the role of polyphenol antioxidant supplements in cardiovascular disease, we searched for randomized controlled trials up to 10th November 2024 that reported estimates of the effects of polyphenol antioxidant supplements on cardiometabolic risk factors. : Of the 17,126 participants in the 281 studies, weighted mean differences [95% confidence intervals] were derived for the intervention condition utilizing random effects modeling.

Management and prognostic prediction of pyogenic liver abscess in a Chinese tertiary hospital: Percutaneous needle aspiration vs catheter drainage.

Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is a serious infectious disease with high mortality. The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy of percutaneous needle aspiration (PNA) and percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) for PLA and to assess risk factors for unfavorable prognosis. This retrospective study was performed between 2017 to 2019 in a Chinese tertiary care hospital.

Accurate attenuation characterization in optical coherence tomography using multi-reference phantoms and deep learning.

The optical attenuation coefficient (AC), a crucial tissue parameter indicating the rate of light attenuation within a medium, enables quantitative analysis of tissue properties and facilitates tissue differentiation. Despite its growing clinical significance, accurate quantification of AC from optical coherence tomography (OCT) signals remains a pressing concern. This study comprehensively investigates the factors influencing the accuracy of quantitative AC extraction among existing OCT-based AC extraction algorithms.

The Relationship Between Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategy and Mental Health Among University Students During Public Health Emergency: A Network Analysis.

Background: Public health emergencies pose threats to mental health, and cognitive emotional regulation can be a crucial coping strategy. This study explored the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and mental health among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic using network analysis.

Methods: 1100 university students completed questionnaires assessing depression, anxiety, somatization, and cognitive emotion regulation strategies.

Precise diagnosis and prognosis assessment of malignant lung nodules: a narrative review.

Background And Objective: Pulmonary nodules (PNs) are small (≤3 cm) radiographic opacities within lung parenchyma. The use of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has led to a significant increase in the identification of solitary nodules. Malignant lung nodules comprise only 5% of all nodules, with management differing greatly from benign cases.

Mesenchymal stem cell treatment alleviates seawater drowning induced lung injury by inhibiting the TNFα/Snail/EMT pathway.

Background: Seawater drowning (SWD) has been an escalating hazard in recent years. It can not only cause immediate death but can also inflict severe complications, such as acute lung injury (ALI), which greatly increases the mortality rate. Thus, investigating the mechanism of SWD induced lung injury and discovering effective treatments is of great importance.

Factors affecting aesthetic results in patients undergoing craniofacial reconstruction following maxillofacial trauma.

Objectives: To investigate the factors influencing the cosmetic outcomes and prognosis of patients undergoing maxillofacial trauma reconstruction.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 335 patients who underwent maxillofacial trauma surgery criteria at Yunfu People's Hospital from March 2016 to June 2023. The Face-Q facial cosmetic rating scale was utilized to evaluate outcomes, with scores above 60 deemed the good prognosis group (n=234) and scores below 60 as the poor prognosis group (n=101).

Development and Validation of the Predictive and Prognostic ChemoResist Signature in Resected Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Multicenter Study.

Objective: To develop and validate a signature to precisely predict prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) undergoing resection and adjuvant chemotherapy.

Summary Background Data: PDAC is largely heterogeneous, and responds discrepantly to treatment.

Methods: 551 consecutive patients with PDAC from 3 tertiary centers were initially enrolled.

Viral sepsis: diagnosis, clinical features, pathogenesis, and clinical considerations.

Sepsis, characterized as life-threatening organ dysfunction resulting from dysregulated host responses to infection, remains a significant challenge in clinical practice. Despite advancements in understanding host-bacterial interactions, molecular responses, and therapeutic approaches, the mortality rate associated with sepsis has consistently ranged between 10 and 16%. This elevated mortality highlights critical gaps in our comprehension of sepsis etiology.

Noninvasive early identification of durable clinical benefit from immune checkpoint inhibition: a prospective multicenter study (NCT04566432).

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed the treatment landscape for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In spite of durable responses in some patients, many patients develop early disease progression during the ICI treatment. Thus, early identification of patients with no durable benefit would facilitate the clinical decision for these patients.

Wearable equipment-based telemedical management via multiparameter monitoring on cardiovascular outcomes in elderly patients with chronic coronary heart disease: an open-labelled, randomised, controlled trial.

Background: The prevalence of chronic coronary heart diseases (CHDs) increases with age in the elderly, which represents one of the top-ranked causes of death and disease burden.

Methods: This study aimed to investigate the management efficiency of telemedicine based on the remote multiparameter monitoring in elderly patients with CHD. A total of 1248 elderly patients diagnosed with CHD were enrolled.

Desuccinylation of TBK1 by SIRT5 regulates inflammatory response of macrophages in sepsis.

Tank-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is a critical signal transducer in the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) pathways, essential for innate immunity. However, its negative regulation mechanisms remain unclear. This study demonstrates that TBK1 succinylation, regulated by desuccinylase SIRT5, inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated NF-κB and IRF signaling activation.

WFUMB Commentary Paper on Artificial intelligence in Medical Ultrasound Imaging.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is defined as the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally associated with human intelligence. At present, AI has been widely used in a variety of ultrasound tasks, including in point-of-care ultrasound, echocardiography, and various diseases of different organs. However, the characteristics of ultrasound, compared to other imaging modalities, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), poses significant additional challenges to AI.

Oxymatrine antagonises oxidative stress and apoptosis in Nemopilema nomurai toxin-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase.

Jellyfish stings can trigger abrupt heart failure via toxins, leading acute mortality rise. Proposed mechanisms involve oxidative stress and apoptosis, but evidence for effective treatments is lacking. To explore the concrete molecular mechanisms of jellyfish toxin-induced cardiotoxicity and to explore effective therapeutic approaches, we established tentacle extract (TE) of jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai induced cardiotoxicity models in vivo and in vitro based Intelligent Character Recognition (ICR) mice and H9C2 cells, respectively,.

The mediating effect of psychosomatic symptoms between physical activity and cognitive function among breast cancer patients: A path analysis.

Purpose: Psychosomatic symptoms are frequently observed side effects in breast cancer (BC) patients and significantly influence cognitive function. However, limited research has addressed the role of psychosomatic symptoms in the relationship between physical activity and cognitive function. This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of psychosomatic symptoms on the relationship between physical activity and cognitive function in BC patients.

Phenotypic Profiling of Tigecycline-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Induced In vitro.

Tigecycline is one of the last-resort treatment options for infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP). Unfortunately, tigecycline resistance is increasingly reported and causes an unprecedented public health crisis worldwide. Although studies on tigecycline resistance are expanding, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.

Correlations between 14-gene RNA-level assay and clinical and molecular features in resectable non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Accurate risk stratification is essential for optimizing treatment strategies. A 14-gene RNA-level assay of lung cancer, which involves quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples, offers a promising approach.

STING facilitates the development of radiation-induced lung injury via regulating the PERK/eIF2α pathway.

Background: Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is one of the serious adverse reactions of thoracic radiotherapy, which largely limits the dose and therapeutic effect of radiotherapy. The underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. RILI is characterized by an acute inflammatory response, and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) has been reported to play an important role in regulating inflammation and innate immune activation.