Injectable, stretchable, toughened, bioadhesive composite hydrogel for bladder injury repair.

The bladder is exposed to constant internal and external mechanical forces due to its deformation and the dynamic environment in which it is placed, which can hamper its repair after an injury. Traditional hydrogel materials have limitations regarding their use in the bladder owing to their poor mechanical and tissue adhesion properties. In this study, a composite hydrogel composed of methacrylate gelatine, methacrylated silk fibroin, and Pluronic F127 diacrylate was developed, which combines the characteristics of natural and synthetic polymers.