Establishment and preliminary application of PCR-RFLP genotyping method for Giardia duodenalis in goats.

Background: Giardia duodenalis (G. duodenalis) is a globally distributed zoonotic protozoan that parasitizes the small intestines of humans and various mammals, such as goats and sheep. The objective of this study was to establish a convenient, accurate, and specific method based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for genotyping assemblages A, B and E of G.

Advancements in the Impact of Insect Gut Microbiota on Host Feeding Behaviors.

With the application and development of high-throughput sequencing technology, the structure and function of insect gut microbiota have been analysed, which lays a foundation for further exploring the intricate relationships between gut microbiota and host feeding behaviour. The microbial community in the insect gut, as an important ecological factor, affects the host's food selection and nutritional metabolic processes through various mechanisms, which play a key role in population dynamics and ecosystems. The implications of these interactions are profound, affecting agricultural practices, biodiversity, and the broader environment, such as pollination and pest control.

Respiratory adverse effects in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with radiotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the risk of respiratory adverse effects in patients with solid tumors treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors) in combination with radiation therapy.

Methods: We selected eligible studies through the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrials ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ).

Disordered eating and cardiometabolic risk factors in Chinese women: evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey.

Disordered eating (DE) is associated with elevated cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors, yet little is known about this association in non-Western countries. We examined the association between DE characteristics and CMR and tested the potential mediating role of BMI. This cross-sectional study included 2005 Chinese women (aged 18-50 years) from the 2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey.

Genetically determined blood pressure, antihypertensive drug classes, and frailty: A Mendelian randomization study.

Observational studies have suggested that the use of antihypertensive drugs was associated with the risk of frailty; however, these findings may be biased by confounding and reverse causality. This study aimed to explore the effect of genetically predicted lifelong lowering blood pressure (BP) through different antihypertensive medications on frailty. One-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and summary data-based MR (SMR) were applied.

Revisiting the antigen markers of vector-borne parasitic diseases identified by immunomics: identification and application to disease control.

Introduction: Protein microarray is a promising immunomic approach for identifying biomarkers. Based on our previous study that reviewed parasite antigens and recent parasitic omics research, this article expands to include information on vector-borne parasitic diseases (VBPDs), namely, malaria, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, babesiosis, trypanosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, and onchocerciasis.

Areas Covered: We revisit and systematically summarize antigen markers of vector-borne parasites identified by the immunomic approach and discuss the latest advances in identifying antigens for the rational development of diagnostics and vaccines.

Detection of Parasites in the Field: The Ever-Innovating CRISPR/Cas12a.

The rapid and accurate identification of parasites is crucial for prompt therapeutic intervention in parasitosis and effective epidemiological surveillance. For accurate and effective clinical diagnosis, it is imperative to develop a nucleic-acid-based diagnostic tool that combines the sensitivity and specificity of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) with the speed, cost-effectiveness, and convenience of isothermal amplification methods. A new nucleic acid detection method, utilizing the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated (Cas) nuclease, holds promise in point-of-care testing (POCT).

Geographic disparities of dietary inflammatory index and its association with hypertension in middle-aged and elders in China: results from a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Background: Geographic distribution of dietary inflammatory index (DII) in China has not been thoroughly evaluated and evidence on the association between DII and hypertension among Chinese middle-aged and older population was inadequate.

Objective: To investigate the geographic disparities of DII and its association with hypertension among Chinese middle-aged and elders.

Methods: Data was from the China Adults Chronic Diseases and Nutrition Surveillance (CACDNS 2015) for middle-aged and older participants.

Geographical Distribution of Dietary Patterns and Their Association with T2DM in Chinese Adults Aged 45 y and Above: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the geographical distribution of dietary patterns and their association with T2DM among Chinese adults aged 45 years and above.

Methods: Data was from the China Adults Chronic Diseases and Nutrition Surveillance (2015). Dietary intake for each participant was determined through a combination of 3-day 24-h dietary recall interviews and food frequency questionnaires.

Characterization of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Phylogenetic Analyses of (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae).

, a pancreatic fluke, is recognized as a causative agent of substantial economic losses in ruminants. This infection, commonly referred to as eurytrematosis, is a significant concern due to its detrimental impact on livestock production. However, there is a paucity of knowledge regarding the mitochondrial genome of .

A versatile microfluidic platform for malaria infection screening and Plasmodium species genotyping.

Background: Malaria, a widespread parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium species, remains a significant global health concern. Rapid and accurate detection, as well as species genotyping, are critical for effective malaria control.

Methods: We have developed a Flexible, Robust, Equipment-free Microfluidic (FREM) platform, which integrates recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based detection, enabling simultaneous malaria infection screening and Plasmodium species genotyping.

Polymorphism of Drug Resistance Genes and in Isolates among Chinese Migrant Workers Who Returned from Ghana in 2013.

In 2013, an epidemic of falciparum malaria involving over 820 persons unexpectedly broke out in Shanglin County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, after a large number of migrant workers returned from Ghana, where they worked as gold miners. Herein, we selected 146 isolates randomly collected from these patients to investigate the resistance characteristics of the parasite to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) by screening mutations in the and genes. All 146 isolates were successfully genotyped for , and only 137 samples were successfully genotyped for .

Diagnostic Efficacy of Plasma-Based Real-Time PCR for Schistosomiasis Japonica in Mice before and after Treatment with Praziquantel.

The prevalence of schistosomiasis japonica in China is now characterized by a low epidemic rate and low-intensity infections. Some diagnostic methods with high sensitivity and specificity are urgently needed to better monitor this disease in the current situation. In this study, the detection efficacy of a real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay was assessed for schistosomiasis japonica in mice, and before and after treatment with praziquantel (PZQ).

Occurrence and Genotypic Identification of spp., , and in Leizhou Black Goats in Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, China.

spp., , and are three common zoonotic intestinal parasites that cause severe diarrhea and enteric diseases. Leizhou black goats are characterized by a high reproductive rate, fast growth, and good meat quality, making them one of the pre-eminent goat breeds in China.

Comparative Analysis of Vaccine Inequity and COVID-19 Transmission Amid the Omicron Variant Among Countries - Six Countries, Asia-Pacific Region, 2022.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) persists as a significant global public health crisis. The predominant strain, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), notably the Omicron variant, continues to undergo mutations. While vaccination is heralded as the paramount solution to cease the pandemic, challenges persist in providing equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines.

A conserved protein of Babesia microti elicits partial protection against Babesia and Plasmodium infection.

Background: The protozoan parasite Babesia microti that causes the zoonotic disease babesiosis resides in the erythrocytes of its mammalian host during its life-cycle. No effective vaccines are currently available to prevent Babesia microti infections.

Methods: We previously identified a highly seroactive antigen, named Bm8, as a B.

[Screen time among Chinese primary and middle school students from 2016 to 2017].

Objective: To get a better knowledge of the current situation of screen time among primary and secondary school students in all provinces of China from 2016 to 2017.

Methods: Data was from the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance of Children and Lactating Women(2016-2017).275 monitoring points were selected from 31 provinces of China by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling.

Surface Modification Determines the Distribution and Toxicity of Quantum Dots during the Development of Early Staged Zebrafish.

Surface modifications are generally used to functionalize QDots to improve their properties for practical applications, but the relationship between QDot modification and biological activity is not well understood. Using an early staged zebrafish model, we investigated the biodistribution and toxicity of CdSe/ZnS QDots with four types of modifications, including anionic poly(ethylene glycol)-carboxyl ((PEG)-COOH), anionic mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), zwitterionic glutathione (GSH), and cationic cysteamine (CA). None of the QDots showed obvious toxicity to zebrafish embryos prior to hatching because the zebrafish chorion is an effective barrier that protects against QDot exposure.

Immunization technologies: Time to consider new preventative solutions for respiratory syncytial virus infections.

New technologies for the prevention of infectious diseases are emerging to address unmet medical needs, in particular, the use of long-acting monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to prevent Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract disease in infants during their first RSV season. The lack of precedent for mAbs for broad population protection creates challenges in the assessment of upcoming prophylactic long-acting mAbs for RSV, with associated consequences in legislative and registration categorization, as well as in recommendation, funding, and implementation pathways. We suggest that the legislative and regulatory categorization of preventative solutions should be decided by the effect of the product in terms of its impact on the population and health-care systems rather than by the technology used or its mechanism of action.

[Epidemiological characteristics of cardio-metabolic risk factors among children and adolescents aged 7-17 years in 4 provinces of China].

This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of cardio-metabolic risk factors among children and adolescents aged 7-17 years in (Hebei, Zhejiang, Shaanxi, Hunan) 4 provinces of China and the influence of demographic and economic characteristics on them. A total of 1 747 children and adolescents aged 7-17 from a Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Disease in 2018 were selected. High waist circumference, central obesity, elevated TG, elevated TC, elevated LDL-C, decreased HDL-C, elevated blood pressure, elevated blood glucose, and clustering of risk factors was analyzed.

Two Molecular Plasma-Based Diagnostic Methods to Evaluate Early Infection of and Schistosomiasis Japonica.

The prevalence and infectious intensity of schistosomiasis japonica has decreased significantly in China in the past few decades. However, more accurate and sensitive diagnostic methods are urgently required for the further control, surveillance, and final elimination of the disease. In this study, we assessed the diagnostic efficacy of a real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) method and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) combined with a lateral-flow dipstick (LFD) assay for detecting early infections of and different infection intensities.

Epidemic Features of COVID-19 and Potential Impact of Hospital Strain During the Omicron Wave - Australia, 2022.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Hospitals have experienced a surge in admissions due to the increasing number of Omicron cases. Understanding the epidemiological features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the strain it places on hospitals will provide scientific evidence to help policymakers better prepare for and respond to future outbreaks.

What Is Added By This Report?: The case fatality rate of COVID-19 was 1.