Deep learning-based segmentation for high-dose-rate brachytherapy in cervical cancer using 3D Prompt-ResUNet.

To develop and evaluate a 3D Prompt-ResUNet module that utilized the prompt-based model combined with 3D nnUNet for rapid and consistent autosegmentation of high-risk clinical target volume (HRCTV) and organ at risk (OAR) in high-dose-rate brachytherapy for cervical cancer patients.We used 73 computed tomography scans and 62 magnetic resonance imaging scans from 135 (103 for training, 16 for validation, and 16 for testing) cervical cancer patients across two hospitals for HRCTV and OAR segmentation. A novel comparison of the deep learning neural networks 3D Prompt-ResUNet, nnUNet, and segment anything model-Med3D was applied for the segmentation.

Assessment of health promotion action for tuberculosis of end tuberculosis action plan (2019-2022) in China.

Background: Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease that endangers people's health, and China is a country with a high burden of tuberculosis. To accelerate the progress towards ending TB, the Chinese government implemented the End TB Action Plan (2019-2022), which consists of six actions. Among the End TB Action Plan, health promotion was conducted to improve the awareness of TB knowledge among Chinese people.

Transition and trend analysis of the burden of depression in China and different income countries: Based on GBD database and joinpoint regression model.

Background: Depression is a leading cause of disability and poor health worldwide and is expected to rank first worldwide by 2030. The aim of this study is to analyze the transition and trend of depression burden in China and various income-level countries by utilizing the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database and the Joinpoint regression model. This analysis seeks to comprehend the variations in the burden of depression across different income regions and evaluate their developmental patterns.

HMGB1 inhibition reduces TDI-induced occupational asthma through ROS/AMPK/autophagy pathway.

Exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) can cause pulmonary diseases such as asthma. Inhibition of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) has been found to be protective against the toxic effects of TDI on human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. Here, we evaluated the in vivo positive roles of HMGB1 in the TDI-caused asthma mice and explored its underlying mechanisms in HBE cells.

Single-Dose Rifapentine in Household Contacts of Patients with Leprosy.

Background: Previous studies have suggested that a single dose of rifampin has protective effects against leprosy in close contacts of patients with the disease. Rifapentine was shown to have greater bactericidal activity against than rifampin in murine models of leprosy, but data regarding its effectiveness in preventing leprosy are lacking.

Methods: We conducted a cluster-randomized, controlled trial to investigate whether single-dose rifapentine is effective in preventing leprosy in household contacts of patients with leprosy.

Hydroquinone triggers pyroptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress via AhR-regulated oxidative stress in human lymphocytes.

Benzene is a frequent component of environmental pollution and is abundant in petrochemicals, decorative materials, motor vehicle exhaust and cigarette smoke. Benzene is a well-known carcinogen in humans and animals, but the molecular mechanism has not yet been elucidated. Our earlier research indicated that hydroquinone (HQ), one of the main reactive metabolites of benzene, could activate aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which is essential for HQ-induced toxicity, including apoptosis and DNA damage.

Transition between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria in recurrent "tuberculosis" patients.

Recurrence of tuberculosis (TB) is still a key issue in the control of tuberculosis. The presence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) complicates the diagnosis of recurrent TB due to similarity in clinical presentation. Herein, we have used molecular genotyping methods to identify mycobacteria species, and analyzed the characteristics of patients with transition between MTB and NTM.

Ligand-independent activation of AhR by hydroquinone mediates benzene-induced hematopoietic toxicity.

Although it has been well recognized that benzene exposure can cause hematopoietic disorders such as aplastic anemia and leukemia, the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be fully understood. Emerging evidence indicated that aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays important roles in hematopoietic and immune systems. This study investigated the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by hydroquinone (HQ) and its role in HQ-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in cultured human lymphocytes (JHP cells).

The role of HMGB1 on TDI-induced NLPR3 inflammasome activation via ROS/NF-κB pathway in HBE cells.

To explore the potential role of HMGB1 on TDI-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, HBE cells were treated with TDI-HSA conjugate to observe the changes of HMGB1, TLR4, NF-κB, Nrf2 and NLRP3 inflammasome related proteins expressions, ROS release and MMP. NAC, TPCA-1 and Resatorvid pre-treatments were applied to explore the effects of ROS, NF-κB and TLR4 on TDI-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to construct HMGB1 gene knockout HBE cell line and then to explore the role of HMGB1 on TDI-HSA induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Boiled or Bottled: Regional and Seasonal Exposures to Drinking Water Contamination and Household Air Pollution in Rural China.

Background: Inadequate access to safe drinking water remains a global health problem, particularly in rural areas. Boiling is the most commonly used form of point-of-use household water treatment (HWT) globally, although the use of bottled water in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is increasing rapidly.

Objectives: We assessed the regional and seasonal prevalence of HWT practices (including bottled water use) in low-income rural areas in two Chinese provinces, evaluated the microbiological safety of drinking water and associated health outcomes, and estimated the air pollution burden associated with the use of solid fuels for boiling.

Burden of colorectal cancer in China, 19902017: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

Objective: Our goal is to analyze the trend of colorectal cancer (CRC) regarding the death, incidence and prevalence rates over time, and to provide epidemiological knowledge basis for health policy revision by comparing data about fatal outcomes of CRC in 2017 to those data in 1990, which was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD).

Methods: The time trend and changes of CRC burden from 1990 to 2017 were measured by using the methods and results from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) GBD 2017, based on the rates of death, incidence and prevalence.

Results: The death rate of CRC is 13.

Antituberculosis drug prescribing for inpatients in a national tuberculosis hospital in China, 2011-2015.

Objectives: This study aimed to describe trends in antituberculosis drug prescribing for inpatients from 2011-2015 in a Chinese national tuberculosis (TB) hospital.

Methods: This retrospective study, performed in March 2016, reviewed the medical records of all inpatients from Beijing Chest Hospital diagnosed with TB between 2011-2015. Medication used for TB treatment during the inpatient period was recorded.

Gastric Cancer Mortality Trends in China (2006-2013) Reveal Increasing Mortality in Young Subjects.

Background/aim: Although the advent of Helicobacter pylori eradication and global societal changes are widely assumed to impact on gastric cancer (GC)-related mortality, there is remarkable little quantitative and qualitative insight into the nature of its effects. Here, we exploited a nationwide reporting system to investigate the epidemiological features of GC-related mortality in China between 2006 and 2013.

Patients And Methods: GC mortality data between 2006 and 2013 were obtained from the National Disease Surveillance System published by the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

[Clinical characteristics of hospitalized cases of severe acute respiratory infection with laboratory-confirmed influenza and the risk factors analysis of influenza infection for children under 15 years old in ten provinces in China during 2009-2014].

Objective: To identify clinical characteristics of hospitalized laboratory-confirmed influenza cases of children under 15 years old, and their risk factors of influenza infection.

Methods: Analyzing the reports of hospitalized laboratory-confirmed influenza cases of children under 15 years old who were detected by the sentinel surveillance systems in 10 provinces from December 2009 to June 2014. Such data as their demographic, medical history, clinical symptoms and signs, treatment and outcome were collected using questionnaires, with their clinical characteristics and their risk factors of influenza infection described.

[Epidemiological characteristics of human avian influenza A (H7N9) virus infection in China].

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of human infections with avian influenza A (H7N9) in China and to provide scientific evidence for the adjustment of preventive strategy and control measures.

Methods: Demographic and epidemiologic information on human cases were collected from both reported data of field epidemiological investigation and the reporting system for infectious diseases.

Results: A total of 433 cases including 163 deaths were reported in mainland China before June 4, 2014.

Inhibitory activity of 9-phenylcyclohepta[d]pyrimidinedione derivatives against different strains of HIV-1 as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

Background: The non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), as a major component of the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus type 1) infected patients, required the development of new NNRTIs with improved resistance profile and decreased toxicity. Therefore, a series of novel compounds, 9-phenylcyclohepta[d]pyrimidinedione derivatives (PCPs), were designed based on the chemical structure of TNK-651, to detect anti-HIV-1 activity.

Results: 1-[(benzyloxy)methyl]-9-phenyl-cyclohepta[d] pyrimidinedione (BmPCP) among four PCPs has antiviral activity on laboratory-adapted HIV strains (HIV-1 SF33).

Exposure to indoor air pollution from household energy use in rural China: the interactions of technology, behavior, and knowledge in health risk management.

Indoor air pollution (IAP) from household use of biomass and coal is a leading environmental health risk in many developing nations. Much of the initial research on household energy technology overlooked the complex interactions of technological, behavioral, economic, and infrastructural factors that determine the success of environmental health interventions. Consequently, despite enormous interest in reducing the large and inequitable risks associated with household energy use in international development and global health, there is limited empirical research to form the basis for design and delivery of effective interventions.