From multi-omics to predictive biomarker: AI in tumor microenvironment.

In recent years, tumors have emerged as a major global health threat. An increasing number of studies indicate that the production, development, metastasis, and elimination of tumor cells are closely related to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, particularly in large language models, have rapidly propelled research in the medical field.

Low-temperature oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde over Mo-based catalysts.

The research and development of the green synthesis route of chemicals has become the focus of research in academia and industry. At present, the highly efficient oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde over non-precious metal catalysts under mild conditions is most promising, but remains a big challenge. Herein, the Mo-Sn oxide catalyst was designed to successfully realize low-temperature oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde, achieving an acetaldehyde selectivity of 89.

Functional imaging derived ADHD biotypes based on deep clustering: a study on personalized medication therapy guidance.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with childhood onset, however, there is no clear correspondence established between clinical ADHD subtypes and primary medications. Identifying objective and reliable neuroimaging markers for categorizing ADHD biotypes may lead to more individualized, biotype-guided treatment.

Methods: Here we proposed a graph convolution network for biological subtype detection (GCN-BSD) using both functional network connectivity (FNC) and non-imaging phenotypic data for ADHD biotype.

Electrolyte-Gated Ionic Transistor for Highly Sensitive and Selective Iontronic Sensing.

Iontronic sensors based on confined space have garnered significant attention due to their promising applications, ranging from single-cell analysis to studies. However, their limited sensitivity has constrained their effectiveness in studying molecular information during physiological and pathological processes. Here, we demonstrate an electrolyte-gated ionic transistor (EGIT) by integrating the confined ion transport behavior in a double-barreled micropipet with an electrolyte-gated transistor configuration, achieving highly sensitive and selective sensing.

Evaluating resistance of potato cultivars and breeding clones to golden cyst nematode in China.

The golden cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, is a regulatory pathogen that can significantly reduce potato yields and hinder the international trade of potatoes. Unfortunately, this nematode has been reported in southwestern China. Nevertheless, limited information exists on the resistance levels of Chinese potato germplasm, especially primary commercial cultivars, to G.

A point mutation in the pepper veinal mottle virus 6K1 protein yields a stable attenuated strain for engineering virus resistance in pepper plants.

A total of 164 viruses have been identified in peppers worldwide. To combat viruses, pathogen-derived resistance (PDR) has been employed by expressing a viral genomic segment or a viral protein in host plants. Unfortunately, peppers are recalcitrant to genetic transformation and regeneration.

Evaluation of the efficacy of natural orifice specimen extraction surgery versus conventional laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: Natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) has gained significant importance in treating cancers. The current study is a meta-analysis that aimed to assess the short-term efficacy and long-term prognostic impact of NOSES and conventional laparoscopic (CL) surgery in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Method: Published reports in several medical databases up to February 2024 were searched and information pertinent to outcomes of NOSES and CL in retrospective and randomized studies to treat CRC was collected.

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals the Developmental Landscape of Wheat Roots.

Allohexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the major crops worldwide, however there is very limited research on the transcriptional programmes of underlying cell type specification. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to unravel the transcriptome heterogeneity of cells and the composition of cell types in broad-spectrum organisms.

Effects of Different Types of Microplastics on Cold Seep Microbial Diversity and Function.

The massive production and widespread use of plastics have resulted in a growing marine plastic pollution problem. Cold seep ecosystems are maintained by microorganisms related to nitrogen and carbon cycling that occur in deep-sea areas, where cold hydrocarbon-rich water seeps from the ocean floor. Little is known about plastic pollution in this ecosystem.

Non-pharmacological Interventions for Preoperative Anxiety in Children: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Aims: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions in children with preoperative anxiety.

Background: It is estimated that preoperative anxiety affects up to 60% of children which is associated with both immediate and long-term adverse outcomes. Several non-pharmacological interventions have been demonstrated to be effective, but further research is necessary to determine which is the most effective.

Visualizing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy in Alzheimer's Model Cells by a Peroxynitrite-Responsive AIEgen Fluorescent Probe.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy (ER-phagy) occurring in nerve cells are crucial physiological processes closely associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Visualizing the two processes is paramount to advance our understanding of AD pathologies. Among the biomarkers identified, peroxynitrite (ONOO) emerges as a key molecule in the initiation and aggravation of ER stress and ER-phagy, highlighting its significance in the underlying mechanisms of the two processes.

Constructing the Dirac Electronic Behavior Database of Under-Stress Transition Metal Dichalcogenides for Broad Applications.

Discovering and utilizing the unique optoelectronic properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is of great significance for developing next-generation electronic devices. In particular, research on Dirac state modulations of TMDCs under external strains is lacking. To fill this research gap, it has established a comprehensive database of 90 types of TMDCs and their response behaviors under external strains have been systematically investigated regarding the presence of Dirac cones and electronic structure evolutions.

Oral Delivery of 5-Demethylnobiletin by Media-Milled Black Rice Particle-Stabilized Pickering Emulsion Alleviates Colitis in Mice: Synergistic Effects of Carrier and Loaded Bioactive.

Traditional colitis treatment strategies have issues such as side effects and poor lesion targeting. In this study, a milled black rice particle-stabilized Pickering emulsion (BR-5-DMN) has been developed as a delivery vehicle for 5-demethylnobiletin (5-DMN) to treat colitis. The alleviating effects of three 5-DMN delivery systems: BR-5-DMN, Tween 80 emulsion for upper gastrointestinal delivery, and soybean oil with most 5-DMN entering the colon were compared.

Terahertz Saturable Absorption across Charge Separation in Photoexcited Monolayer Graphene/MoS Heterostructure.

Unveiling the nonlinear interactions between terahertz (THz) electromagnetic waves and free carriers in two-dimensional materials is crucial for the development of high-field and high-frequency electronic devices. Herein, we investigate THz nonlinear transport dynamics in a monolayer graphene/MoS heterostructure using time-resolved THz spectroscopy with intense THz pulses as the probe. Following ultrafast photoexcitation, the interfacial charge transfer establishes a nonequilibrium carrier redistribution, leaving free holes in the graphene and trapping electrons in the MoS.

High Molecular-Weight Organics as Precursors for Toxic Iodinated Disinfection Byproducts during Chloramination.

Iodinated DBPs (I-DBPs), many more toxic than regulated chlorinated and/or brominated DBPs, are a major challenge in the supply of safe drinking water. While over 800 DBPs have been identified, the occurrence and precursors of toxic I-DBPs remain poorly understood. Herein, natural organic matter from two raw drinking waters was fractionated using ultrafiltration membranes into different groups based on molecular weight (MW).

Assessing exposure to weight stigma: development and initial validation of the Weight Stigma Exposure Inventory (WeSEI).

Background: Weight stigma is pervasive, and it has a significant impact on the social, physical, and psychological health of an individual. Weight stigma is observed from several different sources. Therefore, the present study developed and validated a new instrument, the Weight Stigma Exposure Inventory (WeSEI), to assess different sources of observed weight stigma across interpersonal and non-interpersonal sources.

Whole-genome sequencing identifies novel loci for keratoconus and facilitates risk stratification in a Han Chinese population.

Background: Keratoconus (KC) is a prevalent corneal condition with a modest genetic basis. Recent studies have reported significant genetic associations in multi-ethnic cohorts. However, the situation in the Chinese population remains unknown.

Effects of different antiplatelet therapy drugs on platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation in early septic ARDS.

Background: In patients with sepsis, platelets are activated and adhere to neutrophils, forming platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLAs) that lead to the development of MODS. ARDS is one of the main manifestations of septic MODS. We designed this study to explore the effects of different anti-plate therapy drugs on platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte aggregate (PLA) formation in the early stage of septic ARDS.

Pathogenicity of tick-derived lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in BALB/c mice.

Background: Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a zoonotic pathogen primarily transmitted by rodents. Recently, LCMV has been detected in ticks from northeastern China; however, the pathogenicity of this virus in murine models remains to be elucidated.

Results: Here, we examined the tick-derived LCMV strain JX14 by inoculating BALB/c mice with 3.

Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes of Stemona tuberosa lour. reveals heterogeneity in structure, synteny, intercellular gene transfer, and RNA editing.

Background: Stemona tuberosa, a vital species in traditional Chinese medicine, has been extensively cultivated and utilized within its natural distribution over the past decades. While the chloroplast genome of S. tuberosa has been characterized, its mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) remains unexplored.

The effects of runs-of-homozygosity on pig domestication and breeding.

Background: Since their domestication, recent inbreeding together with intensive artificial selection and population bottlenecks have allowed the prevalence of deleterious mutations and the increase of runs-of-homozygosity (ROH) in domestic pigs. This makes pigs a good model to understand the genetic underpinnings of inbreeding depression.

Results: Here we integrated a comprehensive dataset comprising 7239 domesticated pigs and wild boars genotyped by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips, along with phenotypic data encompassing growth, reproduction and disease-associated traits.

Construction and Behavioral Comparison of Two Mouse Models of Cerebral Palsy.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common neuromuscular disorder in children with no effective therapeutic methods. To examine CP, a large variety of methods and animal models was developed, the most popular are the hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury and/or LPS injection in mice. In the presented work, HI and LPS were applied on the postnatal day 9 to humanized immunodeficiency mouse pups, thereupon 3 behavioral tests were performed in 8 weeks later.

Next-generation vaccines for influenza B virus: advancements and challenges.

To battle seasonal outbreaks of influenza B virus infection, which continue to pose a major threat to world health, new and improved vaccines are urgently needed. In this article, we discuss the current state of next-generation influenza B vaccine development, including both advancements and challenges. This review covers the shortcomings of existing influenza vaccines and stresses the need for more-effective and broadly protective vaccines and more-easily scalable manufacturing processes.

Synthesis of single-crystalline sp-carbon-linked covalent organic frameworks through imine-to-olefin transformation.

sp-carbon-linked covalent organic frameworks (spc-COFs) are crystalline porous polymers with repeat organic units linked by sp carbons, and have attracted increasing interest due to their robust skeleton and tunable semiconducting properties. Single-crystalline spc-COFs with well-defined structures can represent an ideal platform for investigating fundamental physics properties and device performance. However, the robust olefin bonds inhibit the reversible-reaction-based crystal self-correction, thus yielding polycrystalline or amorphous polymers.

Excessive accumulation of auxin inhibits protocorm development during germination of Paphiopedilum spicerianum.

Excessive auxin accumulation inhibits protocorm development during germination of Paphiopedilum spicerianum, delaying shoot meristem formation by downregulating boundary genes (CUC1, CUC2, CLV3) and promoting fungal colonization, essential for seedling establishment. Paphiopedilum, possess high horticultural and conservational value. Asymbiotic germination is a common propagation method, but high rates of protocorm developmental arrest hinder seedling establishment.