Noninvasive Detection of Cardiac Amyloid With 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B PET/CT and 99mTc-PYP Scintigraphy.

We report the imaging findings of 2 cases of cardiac amyloidosis, one light chain (AL) type and another transthyretin (ATTR) type. The images showed 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (11C-PIB) uptake in the heart with AL amyloidosis, whereas the ATTR amyloidosis showed 11C-PIB-negative and 99mTc-PYP-positive uptake in the heart. It demonstrated that using 99mTc-PYP scintigraphy and 11C-PIB PET/CT might be able to differentiate these 2 major types of cardiac amyloidosis noninvasively.

Small Molecule, Multimodal, [F]-PET and Fluorescence Imaging Agent Targeting Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen: First-in-Human Study.

Background: A first-in-human study of [F]-BF3-Cy3-ACUPA, a small-molecule imaging agent that can be unimolecularly both positron emitting and fluorescent, is conducted to determine its safety, biodistribution, radiation dosimetry, feasibility in tumor detection by preoperative positron emission tomography (PET), as well as its intraoperative fluorescence imaging utility in patients with prostate-specific membrane antigen positive (PSMA) tumors.

Methods: Ten patients aged 66 ± 7 years received a 6.5 ± 3.

Imaging of Insulinoma by Targeting Glucagonlike Peptide-1 Receptor.

"Glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor imaging, using radiolabeled exendin-4, was recently established for detecting insulinoma in patients with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. It has proven to be a sensitive and specific method for preoperative localization of insulinoma. This review introduces the development, clinical research, and perspective of GLP-1 receptor imaging mainly in insulinoma.

Hypertrophic spinal pachymeningitis caused by ANCA-associated vasculitis revealed by 18F-FDG PET/CT: A case report.

Rationale: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) can involve the central nervous system in estimatedly 15% of patients. Hypertrophic pachymeningitis causes inflammatory hypertrophy of the cranial or spinal dura mater and patients present with various neurological deficits. ANCA-associated hypertrophic spinal pachymeningitis has rarely been reported in literature.

A methodological investigation of healthy tissue, hepatocellular carcinoma, and other lesions with dynamic Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging.

Background: The study aimed to establish a Ga-FAPI-04 kinetic model in hepatic lesions, to determine the potential role of kinetic parameters in the differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from non-HCC lesions.

Material And Methods: Time activity curves (TACs) were extracted from seven HCC lesions and five non-HCC lesions obtained from Ga-FAPI-04 dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) scans of eight patients. Three kinetic models were applied to the TACs, using image-derived hepatic artery and/or portal vein as input functions.

Detection of underlying dementia in bullous pemphigoid patients using cognitive evaluation tests: a multicenter case-control study.

Background: Preliminary observation in clinical practice showed that subjective neurocognitive complaints are relatively common in bullous pemphigoid (BP) patients. Yet, little has been done to investigate the neurocognitive status in BP.

Methods: This is a multicenter observational case-control study comprised of 61 BP patients and 65 matched control subjects from 3 medical centers in China from 2014 to 2019.

Relationship between the disrupted topological efficiency of the structural brain connectome and glucose hypometabolism in normal aging.

Normal aging is accompanied by structural degeneration and glucose hypometabolism in the human brain. However, the relationship between structural network disconnections and hypometabolism in normal aging remains largely unknown. In the present study, by combining MRI and PET techniques, we investigated the metabolic mechanism of the structural brain connectome and its relationship with normal aging in a cross-sectional, community-based cohort of 42 cognitively normal elderly individuals aged 57-84 years.

Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis With Intense Uptake of 68Ga-Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitor and 18F-FDG.

A 26-year-old man presented with a retroperitoneal mass with left urinary tract obstruction and hydronephrosis recently. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed the retroperitoneal mass had intense and homogeneous FDG avidity. In 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT, the retroperitoneal mass showed intense radioactivity without other organ involvements.

Predicting Axillary Lymph Node Status With a Nomogram Based on Breast Lesion Ultrasound Features: Performance in N1 Breast Cancer Patients.

Objective: To develop a nomogram for predicting axillary lymph node (ALN) metastases using the breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) ultrasound lexicon.

Methods: A total of 703 patients from July 2015 to January 2018 were included in this study as a primary cohort for model construction. Moreover, 109 patients including 51 pathologically confirmed N1 patients (TNM staging) and 58 non-metastatic patients were recruited as an external validation cohort from March 2018 to August 2019.

Increased Uptake of 68Ga-Pentixafor in Thymic Rebound After Chemotherapy in a Patient With Multiple Myeloma.

A 38-year-old man with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma underwent Ga-pentixafor PET/CT for baseline assessment. Ga-pentixafor PET/CT demonstrated multiple focal bone and bone marrow lesions with intense radioactivity. After 9 cycles of chemotherapy against multiple myeloma, the patient experienced serologically complete remission of myeloma.

An Autoimmunogenic and Proinflammatory Profile Defined by the Gut Microbiota of Patients With Untreated Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Objective: Changes in gut microbiota have been linked to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but knowledge is limited. Our study aimed to provide an in-depth understanding of the contribution of gut microbiota to the immunopathogenesis of SLE.

Methods: Fecal metagenomes from 117 patients with untreated SLE and 52 SLE patients posttreatment were aligned with 115 matched healthy controls and analyzed by whole-genome profiling.

The Change of 68Ga-Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Uptake in Myeloma After Chemotherapy in a Patient With Multiple Myeloma and Concurrent Prostate Cancer.

A bone lesion in the right calcaneus was found in a 76-year-old man with a history of prostate cancer. Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT showed multiple PSMA-expressing lytic bone lesions in appendicular skeleton. Biopsy of the lesion in the right calcaneus confirmed plasmacytoma.

18F-FDG PET/computed tomography may predict the outcome of newly diagnosed indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma in patients managed with initial 'watch-and-wait' approach.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT) in the outcome of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in patients managed with initial 'watch-and-wait' treatment.

Methods: Sixteen patients with newly diagnosed NHL treated with initial watchful waiting were retrospectively recruited. They had a baseline F-FDG PET/CT and at least one follow-up PET/CT.

Nomogram based on radiomics analysis of primary breast cancer ultrasound images: prediction of axillary lymph node tumor burden in patients.

Objectives: To establish a prediction model for evaluating the axillary lymph node (ALN) status of patients with T1/T2 invasive breast cancer based on radiomics analysis of US images of primary breast lesions.

Methods: Between August 2016 and November 2018, a total of 343 patients with histologically proven malignant breast tumors were included in this study and randomly assigned to the training and validation groups at a ratio of 7:3. ALN tumor burden was defined as low (< 3 metastatic ALNs) or high (≥ 3 metastatic ALNs).

Detection of Residual Tumor With 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT in a Patient With Waldenström Macroglobulinemia and Concurrent John Cunningham Virus-Related Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy.

A 75-year-old man diagnosed with Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) complained of neurological symptoms. Baseline F-FDG PET/CT showed diffusely increased radioactivity in the bone marrow and decreased FDG uptake in the right cerebellum. After rituximab-containing immunochemotherapy, the patient had clinically partial response of WM, but the cerebellar lesion was enlarged.

Preliminary evidence of imaging of chemokine receptor-4-targeted PET/CT with [Ga]pentixafor in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: comparison to [F]FDG.

Background: In order to study the CXCR4 expression with [Ga]pentixafor PET in different types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, we performed a retrospective study to describe the [Ga]pentixafor PET/CT imaging in a spectrum of lymphomas and to compare it with [F]FDG PET/CT.

Results: Twenty-seven patients with newly diagnosed non-Hodgkin lymphoma were recruited retrospectively. [Ga]pentixafor PET showed increased radioactivity in lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (n = 8), marginal zone lymphoma (n = 4), diffuse large B cell lymphoma (n = 3), follicular lymphoma (n = 2), mantle cell lymphoma (n = 1), unclassified indolent B cell lymphoma (n = 3), and enteropathy associated T cell lymphoma (n = 3).

Diagnostic Value of Breast Lesions Between Deep Learning-Based Computer-Aided Diagnosis System and Experienced Radiologists: Comparison the Performance Between Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Patients.

The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of breast lesions between deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis (deep learning-based CAD) system and experienced radiologists and to compare the performance between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. From January to December 2018, a total of 451 breast lesions in 389 consecutive patients were examined (mean age 46.86 ± 13.

Anesthesia Considerations and Infection Precautions for Trauma and Acute Care Cases During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations From a Task Force of the Chinese Society of Anesthesiology.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread worldwide. During the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic, most hospitals have postponed elective surgeries. However, some emergency surgeries, especially for trauma patients, are inevitable.

Influence of Distance and Near Visual Impairment on Self-Reported Near Visual Functioning in a Multinational Study.

Purpose: To assess the influence of distance and near visual impairment on self-reported near visual functioning (VF) in a multinational study.

Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.

Participants: Participants aged 35 years or older were selected randomly with cluster sampling at 7 sites: rural sites in Nepal (Kaski) and India (Madurai), a semirural site in China (Shunyi), semiurban sites in South Africa (Durban) and Niger (Dosso), and urban sites in the United States (Los Angeles) and China (Guangzhou).

Multimodal VEGF-Targeted Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging of Rats with Inflammatory Arthritis: Using Dye-VEGF-Antibody-Loaded Microbubbles.

Owing to the heavy health burdens from rheumatoid arthritis, a sensitive and objective imaging method is needed for early diagnosis and accurate evaluation of the disease. We aimed to fabricate vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted microbubbles (MBs) to evaluate the expression levels of VEGF within the inflammatory lesions of rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) using a multimodal photoacoustic (PA)/ultrasound (US) imaging system. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-biotin double-labeled vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 antibodies and Cy5.

Fibroblast Activation Protein-Targeted PET/CT with Ga-FAPI for Imaging IgG4-Related Disease: Comparison to F-FDG PET/CT.

IgG4-related disease (RD) is characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration enriched in IgG4-positive plasma cells and variable degrees of fibrosis with a characteristic storiform pattern. Since fibrosis is an important feature of IgG4-RD, we performed a prospective cohort study to evaluate the performance of Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI), a recently introduced PET agent targeting fibroblast activation protein, in IgG4-RD. Twenty-six patients with IgG4-RD were recruited.

Extensive Intraspinal Hypermetabolism Caused by Neurobrucellosis Shown on 18F-FDG PET/CT.

A 55-year-old man and a 52-year-old man presenting with neurological symptoms were referred for F-FDG PET/CT for the underlying malignancy. In both cases, extensive intraspinal hypermetabolism was observed in F-FDG PET/CT. The cerebrospinal fluid culture finally confirmed infection of Brucella.

Retroperitoneal fibromatosis presenting as a mesenteric mass: A case report.

Rationale: Fibromatoses or desmoid tumors are relatively rare tumors derived from the musculoaponeurotic system. This tumor has no specific clinical symptoms and it is sometimes misdiagnosed as other diseases such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).

Patient Concerns: A 28-year-old man visited Peking Union Medical College for a tangible abdominal mass without abdominal pain or distention.

A near-infrared probe for non-invasively monitoring cerebrospinal fluid flow by F-positron emitting tomography and fluorescence.

Purpose: Knowing the precise flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is important in the management of multiple neurological diseases. Technology for non-invasively quantifying CSF flow would allow for precise localization of injury and assist in evaluating the viability of certain devices placed in the central nervous system (CNS).

Methods: We describe a near-infrared fluorescent dye for accurately monitoring CSF flow by positron emission tomography (PET) and fluorescence.