Persistent effect of salt reduction in schoolchildren and their families: 1-year follow-up after an application-based cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: A 12-month cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) demonstrated the effectiveness of an application-based education program in reducing the salt intake and systolic blood pressure (SBP) of schoolchildren's adult family members. This study aimed to assess whether the effect at 12 months persisted at 24 months.

Methods: Fifty-four schools were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group.

Process evaluation of an mHealth-based school education program to reduce salt intake scaling up in China (EduSaltS): a mixed methods study using the RE-AIM framework.

Background: An mHealth-based school health education platform (EduSaltS) was promoted in real-world China to reduce salt intake among children and their families. This progress evaluation explores its implementation process and influencing factors using mixed methods.

Methods: The mixed-methods process evaluation employed the RE-AIM framework.

Comprehensive workplace intervention for cancer prevention in China (WECAN): protocol for a stepped-wedge, cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Cancer is the second leading cause of death across the globe with the majority of deaths occurring in low-income and middle-income countries. Evidence has shown that the cancer burden can be substantially reduced by avoiding behavioural risk factors through comprehensive intervention strategies, including workplace health promotion, which has shown to be cost-effective in developed countries while rarely conducted in developing countries. This study aims to explore a feasible and sustainable approach to the prevention and control of cancer in China by developing an evidence-based comprehensive workplace health model equipped with a smartphone application for implementation.

The value of process evaluation for public health interventions: field-case studies for non-communicable disease prevention and management in five countries.

Complex interventions are needed to effectively tackle non-communicable diseases. However, complex interventions can contain a mix of effective and ineffective actions. Process evaluation (PE) in public health research is of great value as it could clarify the mechanisms and contextual factors associ-ated with variation in the outcomes, better identify effective components, and inform adaptation of the intervention.

App based education programme to reduce salt intake (AppSalt) in schoolchildren and their families in China: parallel, cluster randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To determine whether a smartphone application based education programme can lower salt intake in schoolchildren and their families.

Design: Parallel, cluster randomised controlled trial, with schools randomly assigned to either intervention or control group (1:1).

Setting: 54 primary schools from three provinces in northern, central, and southern China, from 15 September 2018 to 27 December 2019.

The association between serum alanine aminotransferase and hypertension: A national based cross-sectional analysis among over 21 million Chinese adults.

Background: Inconsistent results were found in the association between serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hypertension among population-based studies. This study evaluated the association between ALT and hypertension among Chinese reproductive-age population by utilizing registration data from National Free Pre-pregnancy Checkups Project in 2016-2017.

Methods: The 21,103,790 registered participants were eligible for analysis, including women who were 20-49 years old and men who were 20-59 years old with available data for ALT and blood pressure (BP).

Awareness, understanding and use of sodium information labelled on pre-packaged food in Beijing:a cross-sectional study.

Background: Nutrition labelling has been mandatory for pre-packaged foods since 2013 in China, and sodium is one of the nutrients required for display on the nutritional information panel (NIP). This study aimed to estimate the awareness, understanding of, and use of sodium labelling information among the population in China.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in urban Beijing in 2016 on pre-packaged foods.

Systematic medical assessment, referral and treatment for diabetes care in China using lay family health promoters: protocol for the SMARTDiabetes cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) affects 113.9 million people in China, the largest number of any country in the world (JAMA 310:948-59, 2013). T2DM prevalence has risen dramatically from around 1 % in the 1980s to now over 10 % and is expected to continue rising.

Consumption and sources of dietary salt in family members in Beijing.

In China, few people are aware of the amount and source of their salt intake. We conducted a survey to investigate the consumption and sources of dietary salt using the "one-week salt estimation method" by weighing cooking salt and major salt-containing food, and estimating salt intake during dining out based on established evidence. Nine hundred and three families (1981 adults and 971 children) with students in eight primary or junior high schools in urban and suburban Beijing were recruited.

A pilot study to validate a standardized one-week salt estimation method evaluating salt intake and its sources for family members in China.

The objective of this study was to develop a new method named the "one-week salt estimation method" that could estimate an individual's salt intake and the sources of salt in the diet, and to evaluate this new method with a 24-h urine collection. The new method estimates salt intake from: (1) household cooking by weighing the family salt container and other high-salt condiments or sauces at the beginning and end of a week; (2) processed food according to established China food composition figures; and (3) cafeteria or restaurant meals using the results of previous studies. Consumption of salt additives and major salt contained foods and salt intake related eating habits were collected using a structured simple seven-day questionnaire.