Clinical performance of deep learning-enhanced ultrafast whole-body scintigraphy in patients with suspected malignancy.

Background: To evaluate the clinical performance of two deep learning methods, one utilizing real clinical pairs and the other utilizing simulated datasets, in enhancing image quality for two-dimensional (2D) fast whole-body scintigraphy (WBS).

Methods: A total of 83 patients with suspected bone metastasis were retrospectively enrolled. All patients underwent single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) WBS at speeds of 20 cm/min (1x), 40 cm/min (2x), and 60 cm/min (3x).

Enhanced detection of damaged myocardium and risk stratification in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using integrated [Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CMR imaging.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the correlation between PET and CMR in integrated [Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CMR multimodal imaging and its value in the diagnosis and risk assessment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

Methods: This study included 20 HCM patients and 11 age- and gender-matched controls. PET analysis evaluated left ventricular (LV) [Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 uptake, including SUV, TBR, cardiac fibroblast activity (CFA) and volume (CFV), and total SUV of the 16 segments.

The value of net influx constant based on FDG PET/CT dynamic imaging in the differential diagnosis of metastatic from non-metastatic lymph nodes in lung cancer.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the value of the dynamic and static quantitative metabolic parameters derived from F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) in the differential diagnosis of metastatic from non-metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) in lung cancer and to validate them based on the results of a previous study.

Methods: One hundred and twenty-one patients with lung nodules or masses detected on chest CT scan underwent F-FDG PET/CT dynamic + static imaging with informed consent. A retrospective collection of 126 LNs in 37 patients with lung cancer was pathologically confirmed.

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is associated with neurodegeneration and amyloid deposition in Alzheimer's disease: A [F]PSS232 PET/MRI study.

Background: Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is involved in regulating integrative brain function and synaptic transmission. Aberrant mGluR5 signaling and relevant synaptic failure play a key role in the initial pathophysiological mechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The study aims to investigate the association between mGluR5 availability and AD's biomarkers and cognitive function.

Triptolide with hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity used in local delivery treatment of myocardial infarction by thermosensitive hydrogel.

Myocardial infarction (MI) resulting from coronary artery occlusion is the leading global cause of cardiovascular disability and mortality. Anti-inflammatory treatment plays an important role in MI treatment. Triptolide (TPL), as a Chinese medicine monomer, has a variety of biological functions, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and immunoregulation.

Ultra high speed SPECT bone imaging enabled by a deep learning enhancement method: a proof of concept.

Background: To generate high-quality bone scan SPECT images from only 1/7 scan time SPECT images using deep learning-based enhancement method.

Materials And Methods: Normal-dose (925-1110 MBq) clinical technetium 99 m-methyl diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) SPECT/CT images and corresponding SPECT/CT images with 1/7 scan time from 20 adult patients with bone disease and a phantom were collected to develop a lesion-attention weighted U-Net (Qin et al. in Pattern Recognit 106:107404, 2020), which produces high-quality SPECT images from fast SPECT/CT images.

A two-stage cardiac PET and late gadolinium enhancement MRI co-registration method for improved assessment of non-ischemic cardiomyopathies using integrated PET/MR.

Purpose: Respiratory motion causes mismatches between PET images of the myocardium and the corresponding cardiac MR images in cardiac integrated PET/MR. The mismatch may affect the attenuation correction and the diagnosis of non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. In this study, we present a two-stage cardiac PET and MR late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) co-registration method, which seeks to improve diagnostic accuracy of non-ischemic cardiomyopathies via better image co-registration using an integrated whole-body PET/MR system.

Alteration of neuroinflammation detected by F-GE180 PET imaging in place-conditioned rats with morphine withdrawal.

Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that neuroinflammation (NI) significantly contributes to drug addiction, but the conversion of NI after drug withdrawal is not clear. Here, we conducted F-flutriciclamide (GE180) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to investigate the conversion of NI during drug withdrawal and conditioning-induced aversion by measuring the change in microglial activation with F-GE180.

Methods: Twelve male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to morphine withdrawal by the administration of naloxone, and six of them were used to model conditioned place aversion (CPA).

Comparison of [ Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 and [F]-FDG for the detection of primary and metastatic lesions in patients with gastric cancer: a bicentric retrospective study.

Introduction: The low sensitivity of [F]-fluorodeoxyglucose ([F]-FDG) for the diagnosis of gastric cancer limits its application. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential advantage of [ Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 over [F]-FDG in the evaluation of gastric cancer.

Methods: This was a bicentric retrospective analysis of a prospective parent study (clinical trial: HS-KY-2020-826 (Huashan Hospital) and DF-2020-102 (Shanghai East Hospital)).

Ga-FAPI-04 PET/MR is helpful in differential diagnosis of pancreatitis from pancreatic malignancy compared to F-FDG PET/CT: a case report.

Introduction: Ga-fibroblast activation protein-specific enzyme inhibitor 04 (FAPI-04) is a radiolabelled molecular agent targeting the inhibitor of fibroblast activation protein (FAP), which is often present in tumor stroma and inflammatory tissue with prominent fibroblast proliferation. FAPI-04 is a promising PET tracer for tumor imaging as well as IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD).

Case Description: We herein present a case where Ga-FAPI PET/MR helped to diagnose IgG4-RD that involved pancreas and bile duct.

Standardized uptake values of Tc-MDP in normal vertebrae assessed using quantitative SPECT/CT for differentiation diagnosis of benign and malignant bone lesions.

Background: Quantitative bone SPECT/CT is useful for disease follow up and inter-patient comparison. For bone metastatic malignant lesions, spine is the most commonly invaded site. However, Quantitative studies with large sample size investigating all the segments of normal cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae are seldom reported.

Evaluation of SUVlean consistency in FDG and PSMA PET/MR with Dixon-, James-, and Janma-based lean body mass correction.

Purpose: To systematically evaluate the consistency of various standardized uptake value (SUV) lean body mass (LBM) normalization methods in a clinical positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MR) setting.

Methods: SUV of brain, liver, prostate, parotid, blood, and muscle were measured in 90 F-FDG and 28 F-PSMA PET/MR scans and corrected for LBM using the James, Janma (short for Janmahasatian), and Dixon approaches. The prospective study was performed from December 2018 to August 2020 at Shanghai East Hospital.