Chlorophenols in environment: Recent updates on pretreatment and analysis methods.

Chlorophenols (CPs) are widely used in industries such as petrochemicals, insecticides, pharmaceuticals, synthetic dyes and wood preservatives. However, owing to the improper discharge and disposal, they have become major contaminants that are ubiquitously distributed in water, soil, and sewage sediments, posing a significant threat to ecosystems and human health. Consequently, accurate, sensitive and effective pretreatment and analysis methods for CPs are urgently required and have been actively explored in recent years.