Long-Term Clinical and Economic Effects of Switching to Once-Weekly Semaglutide from Other GLP-1 RAs Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in China: A Modeling Projection Study.

Introduction: Previous studies, using clinical trial data, demonstrated that once-weekly (OW) semaglutide is dominant versus other glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in China. This study aims to evaluate the long-term clinical and economic effects of switching to OW semaglutide from other GLP-1 RAs among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China.

Methods: The Institute of Health Economics Diabetes Cohort Model (IHE-DCM) was used to project life expectancy, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and total direct medical cost over 40 years from a Chinese healthcare system perspective.

Identification of risk factors and development of a predictive model for chronic kidney disease in patients with obesity: a four-year cohort study.

Objective: The sneaky onset and dismal prognosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) make it an important public health issue. Obesity-related kidney illness has garnered more attention in recent times. Establishing and validating a risk prediction model for chronic renal illness in overweight or obese adults was the goal of this investigation.

A higher TyG index level is more likely to have enhanced incidence of T2DM and HTN comorbidity in elderly Chinese people: a prospective observational study from the reaction study.

Background: Triglyceride glucose index (TyG index) was related with both type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and hypertension (HTN). Prospective studies linking the TyG index to the incidence of T2DM and HTN comorbidity remain unclear. This study aimed to to explore the longitudinal association between TyG and new-onset T2DM with HTN.

Lipid accumulation product is closely associated with hypertension and prehypertension in prediabetic population in China: results from the REACTION study.

Prediabetes with hypertension or prehypertension increases the risk of cardiovascular events. Lipid accumulation product (LAP) is a powerful marker of visceral obesity. The current study aimed to explore the relationship between LAP and hypertension and prehypertension among prediabetic individuals.

Diabetic microenvironment preconditioning of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhances their anti-diabetic, anti-long-term complications, and anti-inflammatory effects in type 2 diabetic rats.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert anti-diabetic effects and improve long-term complications via secretory effects that regulate macrophage polarisation and attenuate inflammation. Enhancing the efficacy of MSCs needs to be explored further. The in vitro culture microenvironment influences the secretory profile of MSCs.

Efficacy and safety of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes: a single-center, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled phase II trial.

Background: To determine the efficacy and safety of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: In this single-center, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled phase II trial, 91 patients were randomly assigned to receive intravenous infusion of UC-MSCs (n = 45) or placebo (n = 46) three times with 4-week intervals and followed up for 48 weeks from October 2015 to December 2018. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels of < 7.

Association between changes in lipid indexes and early progression of kidney dysfunction in participants with normal estimated glomerular filtration rate: a prospective cohort study.

Purpose: To investigate whether non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Non-HDL-C), remnant cholesterol (RC), and the ratios of lipid indexes are more closely associated with early progression of kidney dysfunction than traditional lipid indexes; and to explore the association between changes in serum lipids during follow-up and annual decline rate in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 3909 participants with normal eGFR and age≥40 years at baseline were followed for 3.3 years.

Fasting Blood Glucose and 2-h Postprandial Blood Glucose Predict Hypertension: A Report from the REACTION Study.

Introduction: Although diabetes is associated with hypertension, whether high blood glucose levels promote hypertension remains controversial. In this study we compared the predictive power of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) for the development of hypertension.

Methods: This study was a substudy of the REACTION study, an ongoing longitudinal cohort study investigating the relationship of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes with the risk of cancer in an urban Northern Chinese population in Beijing.

Triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is superior to triglycerides and other lipid ratios as an indicator of increased urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio in the general population of China: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Dyslipidemia contributes to the pathogenesis of renal dysfunction. Previous research demonstrated that triglycerides (TG), instead of other individual lipid indexes, has a significant link with elevated urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR). However, it is unclear whether lipid ratios are superior indicators of increased UACR compared with TG.

Association between obesity and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio in the middle-aged and elderly population of Southern and Northern China: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: The relationship between obesity and albuminuria has not been clarified. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between obesity and the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) in Southern and Northern China.

Design: A descriptive, cross-sectional study.

A high triglyceride glucose index is more closely associated with hypertension than lipid or glycemic parameters in elderly individuals: a cross-sectional survey from the Reaction Study.

Background: Both lipid and glucose abnormalities are associated with hypertension (HTN). However, it is unclear whether the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is associated with HTN. Therefore the aim of this study is to investigate the association of the TyG index and HTN and to compare the discriminative power of the TyG index, lipid, glycemic parameters for the risk of HTN in elderly individuals.

Neck circumference is an independent risk factor for hyperuricemia within 3 years in women: a longitudinal study.

Introduction: Our previous cross-sectional study revealed the association between neck circumference (NC) and hyperuricemia. This study aimed to further investigate the longitudinal association between NC and hyperuricemia and to compare the strengths of longitudinal association of NC and waist circumference (WC) with hyperuricemia.

Methods: A total of 4383 subjects without hyperuricemia at baseline were included.

Efficacy and Safety of Basal Insulin-Based Treatment Versus Twice-Daily Premixed Insulin After Short-Term Intensive Insulin Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in China: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (BEYOND V).

Introduction: Many Chinese patients who are uncontrolled by oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) receive short-term intensive insulin therapy (IIT) in hospital to rapidly relieve glucose-associated toxicity and to preserve/improve β-cell function. However, evidence for optimizing insulin algorithms for maintenance treatment after IIT is lacking. This study will compare the efficacy and safety of basal insulin-based treatment versus twice-daily premixed insulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients after short-term in-hospital IIT.

Vildagliptin Versus α-Glucosidase Inhibitor as Add-On to Metformin for Type 2 Diabetes: Subgroup Analysis of the China Prospective Diabetes Study.

Introduction: The effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DDP-4) inhibitors versus α-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) on the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a real-world setting is unknown. The aim of this real-world study was to compare the glucose-lowering effect and tolerability of vildagliptin as add-on to metformin monotherapy (VM) and AGI as add-on to metformin monotherapy (AM) in Chinese patients with T2DM.

Methods: This was a subgroup analysis of the China Prospective Diabetes Study, a post-marketing, prospective, observational, real-world study conducted at 52 centers in China.

Treatment with adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells exerts anti-diabetic effects, improves long-term complications, and attenuates inflammation in type 2 diabetic rats.

Background: Long-term diabetes-associated complications are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in individuals with diabetes. These diabetic complications are closely linked to immune system activation along with chronic, non-resolving inflammation, but therapies to directly reverse these complications are still not available. Our previous study demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) attenuated chronic inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), resulting in improved insulin sensitivity and islet function.

Decitabine assists umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in improving glucose homeostasis by modulating macrophage polarization in type 2 diabetic mice.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapy for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Mechanistic researches demonstrate that the anti-diabetic effect of MSCs is partially mediated by eliciting macrophages into an anti-inflammatory phenotype thus alleviating insulin resistance. However, single MSC infusion is insufficient to ameliorate sustained hyperglycemia or normalize blood glucose levels.

Comparison of the Effectiveness and Safety of Vildagliptin Add-On to Metformin Versus Other Oral Dual Antidiabetes Agents in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The China Prospective Diabetes Study.

Introduction: The efficacy and safety of vildagliptin alone or with metformin is well established by randomized trials, but it is unknown whether it can be extrapolated to the real-world setting in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of vildagliptin add-on to metformin versus dual oral antidiabetes drug (OAD), non-vildagliptin combination therapies in real-world Chinese patients with T2DM.

Methods: The China Prospective Diabetes Study was a post-marketing, prospective, multicenter, observational, real-world study conducted in 52 centers.

Critical appraisal and systematic review of guidelines for perioperative diabetes management: 2011-2017.

Purpose: To systematically evaluate the quality, consistency and the evidence support of guidelines for perioperative diabetes management.

Methods: We retrieved guidelines through systematic search, critically evaluated their quality and compared the recommendations of included guidelines. Five aspects were compared: target level, management of hyper- and hypoglycaemia, frequency of monitoring, management of insulin, and management of oral anti-diabetic drugs (OADs).

Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells direct macrophage polarization to alleviate pancreatic islets dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mice.

Progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction is recognized as a fundamental pathology of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified in protection of islets function in T2D individuals. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive.

Cinacalcet versus Placebo for secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and trial sequential analysis.

To assess the efficacy and safety of cinacalcet on secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease, Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched until March 2016. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was conducted to control the risks of type I and II errors and calculate required information size (RIS). A total of 25 articles with 8481 participants were included.

Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate insulin resistance by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation in type 2 diabetes rats.

Background: Insulin resistance is one of the most common and important pathological features of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recently, insulin resistance is increasingly considered to be associated with systemic chronic inflammation. Elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β in blood are predictive indicators of the development of T2D.

Efficacy and safety of metformin and sitagliptin based triple antihyperglycemic therapy (STRATEGY): a multicenter, randomized, controlled, non-inferiority clinical trial.

Despite the current guideline's recommendation of a timely stepwise intensification therapy, the "clinical inertia", termed as the delayed treatment intensification, commonly exists in the real world, which may be partly due to the relatively little substantial evidence and no clear consensus regarding the efficacy and safety of triple oral agents in patients inadequately controlled with dual therapy. In this clinical trial performed in 237 centers in China, 5,535 type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled by previous therapies were treated with a stable metformin/sitagliptin dual therapy for 20 weeks. The patients who did not reach the glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) goal were then further randomized into glimepiride, gliclazide, repaglinide, or acarbose group for an additional 24-week triple therapy.