Proteomic analysis of the nonstructural protein 2-host protein interactome reveals a novel regulatory role of SH3 domain-containing kinase-binding protein 1 in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication and apoptosis.

Virus-host protein interaction is critical for successful completion of viral replication cycles. As the largest nonstructural protein (NSP) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), NSP2 plays multiple and critical roles in viral replication, antiviral immunity, cellular tropism and virulence. An interactome of this protein with host proteins would be instrumental in full understanding of these multifunctional roles.

RAP1 is essential for PRRSV replication and the synthesis of the viral genome.

Since its emergence, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has caused enormous economic losses to the global swine industry. The pathogenesis of PRRS remains under investigation. The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes reproductive disorders in pigs and respiratory in piglets, which is a 15 kb RNA virus that encodes 16 viral proteins, most of which exhibit multiple functions during the virus lifecycle.

Enhancing pork meat batter with curdlan gum-guar gum composite microgels: Impact of fat replacer on gel properties, water distribution, and sensory perception.

This work investigated the effects of curdlan gum-guar gum composite microgels (CG microgels) as a fat replacer on the gel properties, water distribution, and microstructures of pork meat batters, using techniques including rheometry, SEM, and LF-NMR. Between 55 °C and 80 °C, the addition of 30 % CG microgels enhanced the viscoelastic response of pork meat batters. Additionally, the CG microgels reduced cooking loss from 18.

Improved ovalbumin accurate quantitative performance in processed foods by full-length isotope-labeled protein.

Ovalbumin (OVA) is a high-risk allergen with complex tertiary structure in food samples. Here, we developed an accurate UPLC-MS/MS-based assay to improve OVA quantitative performance in processed foods. Full-length isotope-labeled OVA proteins (OVA-I) were synthesized using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) technique and employed as functional internal standards to ensure similar cleavage sites between internal standards and analytes.

Molecular characteristics and pathogenicity analysis of infectious laryngotracheitis virus isolated in China from 2015 to 2019.

The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular characteristics and pathogenicity of recently isolated ILTV strains from China, thereby augmenting our understanding of its prevalence. The complete genome sequences of seven ILTV strains obtained from China between 2015 and 2019 were determined by high-throughput sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis showed that six isolates (SD2015, GD2017, SYB2018, HB201812, HB201806, and TJ2019) were classified together with CEO vaccine strains, while only one isolates LN2018 belonged to the wild-type cluster.

Integration of DNA-Decorated Hapten in Emergency Immunoassays for Antibody and Small-Molecule Detection: A Review.

DNA-decorated hapten (DDH)-based immunoassays have emerged, demonstrating supreme advantages in sensing applications because of their excellent sensitivity, specificity, and reliability. DDH combines both a recognition element (hapten) and a signal transduction element (DNA portion) with its highly programmable DNA structure enabling the trigger of signal transduction following a recognition event, thereby introducing a novel signal transduction mechanism to immunoassays. In this review, we provide a critical overview of recent research in the DDH-based immunoassays, which are designed to detect specific small molecules and antibodies.

Land Use Change Consistently Reduces α- But Not β- and γ-Diversity of Bees.

Land use change threatens global biodiversity and compromises ecosystem functions, including pollination and food production. Reduced taxonomic α-diversity is often reported under land use change, yet the impacts could be different at larger spatial scales (i.e.

Inoculation with effective microorganisms agent enhanced fungal diversity in the secondary fermentation process.

Microbial inoculations have emerged as a key approach to address the low natural microbial activity of traditional composting technologies. It is crucial for successfully promoting manure composting to understand the influences of microbial inoculations on fungal communities and its mechanisms. To investigate the effects of microbial inoculation on diversity characteristics, tropic mode, and co-occurrence network of fungal communities during composting, an aerobic composting experiment of chicken manure inoculated with microbial agents was performed.

Dim blue light at night worsens high-fat diet-induced kidney damage via increasing corticosterone levels and modulating the expression of circadian clock genes.

Obesity is a contributing factor that increases the likelihood of developing chronic kidney disease. In recent years, studies have found that light pollution worldwide promoted obesity, which was known to be a consequence of circadian rhythm disruption. Nevertheless, the impact of light pollution on kidney disease associated with obesity remains mostly unknown, and potential processes have been minimally investigated.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Mitigates High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Mammary Gland Development Impairment of Pubertal Mice via Regulating CD36 Palmitoylation and Downstream JNK-ERK Pathway.

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is known for antiobesity. However, the role of CLA in regulating high-fat diet (HFD)-impaired pubertal mammary gland development remains undefined. Here, pubertal female mice and HC11 cells were treated with HFD or palmitic acid (PA), supplemented with or without CLA, respectively.

Progress in antileishmanial drugs: Mechanisms, challenges, and prospects.

Leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by Leishmania parasites, continues to pose global health challenges. Current treatments face issues like resistance, safety, efficacy, and cost. This review covers the discovery, mechanisms of action, clinical applications, and limitations of key antileishmanial agents: pentavalent antimonials, amphotericin B, miltefosine, paromomycin, and pentamidine.

Integration of transcriptome and metabolome reveals key regulatory defense pathways associated with high temperature stress in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.).

High temperature stress seriously affects the quality and yield of vegetable crops, especially cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). However, the metabolic dynamics and gene regulatory network of cucumber in response to high temperature stress remain poorly studied.

CALB1 and RPL23 Are Essential for Maintaining Oocyte Quality and Function During Aging.

With advancing age, significant changes occur in the female reproductive system, the most notable of which is the decline in oocyte quality, a key factor affecting female fertility. However, the mechanisms underlying oocyte aging remain poorly understood. In this study, we obtained oocytes from aged and young female mice and performed single-cell transcriptome sequencing, comparing our findings with existing proteomic analyses.

Physiological premature aging of ovarian blood vessels leads to decline in fertility in middle-aged mice.

Ovarian function declines significantly as females enter middle-age, but the mechanisms underlying this decline remain unclear. Here, we utilize whole-organ imaging to observe a notable decrease in ovarian blood vessel (oBV) density and angiogenesis intensity of middle-aged mice. This leads to a diminished blood supply to the ovaries, resulting in inadequate development and maturation of ovarian follicles.

Changing patterns of global nitrogen deposition driven by socio-economic development.

Advances in manufacturing and trade have reshaped global nitrogen deposition patterns, yet their dynamics and drivers remain unclear. Here, we compile a comprehensive global nitrogen deposition database spanning 1977-2021, aggregating 52,671 site-years of data from observation networks and published articles. This database show that global nitrogen deposition to land is 92.

The giant genome of lily provides insights into the hybridization of cultivated lilies.

Lilies are economically important monocots known for their ornamental flowers, bulbs, and large genomes. The absence of their genomic information has impeded evolutionary studies and genome-based breeding efforts. Here, we present reference genomes for Lilium sargentiae (lily, 35.

Growing meat on autoclaved vegetables with biomimetic stiffness and micro-patterns.

Cultured meat needs edible bio-scaffolds that provide not only a growth milieu for muscle and adipose cells, but also biomimetic stiffness and tissue-sculpting topography. Current meat-engineering technologies struggle to achieve scalable cell production, efficient cell differentiation, and tissue maturation in one single culture system. Here we propose an autoclaving strategy to transform common vegetables into muscle- and adipose-engineering scaffolds, without undergoing conventional plant decellularization.

Food Safety Evaluation of Recombinant Humanized Type III Collagen Produced by Komagataella phaffii SMD1168-2COL3.

Collagens are biofunctional proteins that have been widely used in many fields, including biomedical, cosmetics, and skin care for their value in maintaining the integrity of cellular membranes. Collagens are also commonly consumed in foods and provide a source of protein and amino acids. As part of the safety assessment for this particular recombinant humanized type III (RHTypeIII) collagen produced by Komagataella phaffii SMD1168-2COL3, a series of toxicological tests were conducted.

Random forest algorithm reveals novel sites in HA protein that shift receptor binding preference of the H9N2 avian influenza virus.

A switch from avian-type α-2,3 to human-type α-2,6 receptors is an essential element for the initiation of a pandemic from an avian influenza virus. Some H9N2 viruses exhibit a preference for binding to human-type α-2,6 receptors. This identifies their potential threat to public health.

Assessing Susceptibility of Grapevine Cultivars to Latent Infections Using Molecular Disease Index.

Traditional assessments of grapevine susceptibility to grapevine downy mildew (GDM) caused by rely on the visual evaluation of leaf symptoms. In this study, we used a well-established quantitative real-time PCR TaqMan assay (real-time PCR) to quantify the number of infecting 12 grapevine cultivars under controlled conditions. The molecular disease index (MDI), derived from molecular detection methods, reflects the relative abundance of pathogens in plant tissues during the latent infection phase.

Predatory capacity of Lasioseius lindquisti (Acari: Blattisociidae) and Lasioseius scapulatus (Acari: Blattisociidae) on Megalurothrips usitatus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).

Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is an important pest of cowpeas, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., and can cause severe damage to the crop.

Blue Light Damages Retinal Ganglion Cells Via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy in Chickens.

Purpose: Because chickens have excellent light perception properties, this study focused on investigating whether monochromatic light can cause photodamage in chicken retinal ganglion cells (RGCs).

Methods: Post-hatching day chickens were exposed to four different light-emitting diode light environments for five weeks, respectively, monochromatic blue light (480 nm), green light (560 nm), red light (660 nm), or white light (6000 K). The mechanisms through which monochromatic light influences the structure of the chicken retina were analyzed by detecting the morphological structure of the retina, gene and protein expression levels, and the ultrastructure of the optic nerve.

Major facility superfamily sugar transporter protein regulates mating, pathogenicity, and sugar transport/absorption.

Sugarcane smut caused by is a global sugarcane disease, and studying its molecular pathogenesis is crucial for discovering new prevention and control targets. This study was based on the transcriptome sequencing data of two isolates with different pathogenicities ( and ) of the and screened out a gene encoding the Major Facility Superfamily (MFS) sugar transporter protein and named it . Knockout mutants ( and ) and complementary mutants ( and ) were obtained through polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated protoplast transformation technology.