Cross-continental admixture in the Kho population from northwest Pakistan.

Northern Pakistan is home to many diverse ethnicities and languages. The region acted as a prime corridor for ancient invasions and population migrations between Western Eurasia and South Asia. Kho, one of the major ethnic groups living in this region, resides in the remote and isolated mountainous region in the Chitral Valley of the Hindu Kush Mountain range.

The salt secretion of leaves promotes the competitiveness of Reaumuria soongarica in a desert grassland.

Background: For better understanding the mechanism of Reaumuria soongarica community formation in a salt stressed grassland ecosystem, we designed a field experiment to test how leaves salt secretion changes the competitive relationship between species in this plant communities.

Results: Among the three species (R. soongarica, Stipa glareosa and Allium polyrhizum) of the salt stressed grassland ecosystem, the conductivity of R.

Discovery of EGFR-Targeted Environment-Sensitive fluorescent probes for cell imaging and efficient tumor detection.

Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in several signaling pathways inside and outside the cell, especially in the processes of cell proliferation, differentiation, and death in various cancers. Due to the complexity of the structure and function of EGFR, research on the fluorescence visualization of EGFR protein visualization has proved challenging. One possible strategy for designing a receptor-targeting fluorescent probe with a switching mechanism is to introduce an environment-sensitive fluorophore into the drug ligand.

LncRNA CRNDE promotes cell proliferation, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer via miR-423-5p/FSCN1 axis.

Ovarian cancer seriously threatens the health of women. LncRNA CRNDE is known to be upregulated in ovarian cancer. However, the mechanism by which CRNDE regulates the progress of ovarian cancer is largely unknown.

Functional characterization of melanocortin-3 receptor in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

The melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) is an important regulator of energy homeostasis and inflammation in mammals. However, its function in teleost fish needs to be further explored. In this study, we characterized rainbow trout MC3R (rtMC3R), which encoded a putative protein of 331 amino acids.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of nivolumab plus standard chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for the first-line treatment of unresectable advanced or metastatic gastric cancer, gastroesophageal junction cancer, and esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Background Nivolumab plus standard chemotherapy has significant clinical benefits for unresectable advanced or metastatic gastric cancer, gastroesophageal junction cancer, and esophageal adenocarcinoma (GC/GEJC/EAC). However, nivolumab is expensive, necessitating a cost-effectiveness evaluation. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of nivolumab plus standard chemotherapy vs.

First principles studies on the electronic and contact properties of single layer 2H-MoS/1T'-MX heterojunctions.

Constructed in-plane heterojunction contacts between the semiconducting 2H phase (as the channel) and the metallic 1T' phase (as the electrode), two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) field-effect transistors (FETs) have received much recent attention because they significantly reduce contact resistance. In this paper, quantum transport simulation is done to study and predict the electronic states and contact properties of the 2H-MoS/1T'-MX (WS, TaSe, NbSe, MoSe, TaS, and NbS) in-plane heterojunctions. It is found that the interfacial states are not obvious and the fluctuation of the average electron density at the 1T'/2H phase boundary is small for all 2H-MoS/1T'-MX heterojunctions.

Transient Plasmonic Imaging of Ion Migration on Single Nanoparticles and Insight for Double Layer Dynamics.

Single-nanoparticle electrochemistry offers electrochemical behaviors of individual entities beyond the ensemble system. An electric double layer (EDL) exists on any charged particle-liquid interface because of counter-ion accumulation, while direct measuring of the interfacial ion migration remains a challenge. Herein, a plasmonic-based transient microscopic method, with a temporal resolution of 1-2 μs, was demonstrated to directly track the ion migration dynamics on single charged nanoparticles.

Coassembly of hypoxia-sensitive macrocyclic amphiphiles and extracellular vesicles for targeted kidney injury imaging and therapy.

Background: Hypoxia is a major contributor to global kidney diseases. Targeting hypoxia is a promising therapeutic option against both acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease; however, an effective strategy that can achieve simultaneous targeted kidney hypoxia imaging and therapy has yet to be established. Herein, we fabricated a unique nano-sized hypoxia-sensitive coassembly (Pc/C5A@EVs) via molecular recognition and self-assembly, which is composed of the macrocyclic amphiphile C5A, the commercial dye sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine (Pc) and mesenchymal stem cell-excreted extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs).

[Report standards for clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine].

The clinical comprehensive evaluation of drugs is an important basis for the return of clinical value, decision-making of medical and health authorities, and allocation of medical resources. In July 2021, the National Health Commission issued the Guidelines for the Management of Clinical Comprehensive Evaluation of Drugs(trial version 2021), which required the evaluation to be implemented from the six dimensions(safety, effectiveness, economy, innovation, suitability, and accessibility), and made detailed arrangements for the clinical comprehensive evaluation of drugs. As Chinese patent medicine differs from chemical medicines in terms of effective components and action modes, the clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine should highlight the characteristics and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) on the basis of general requirements of comprehensive clinical evaluation of drugs.

[Visualization of research on Chinese medicine-induced kidney injury by CiteSpace].

This study aimed to provide researchers with a better understanding of the research status, progress and problems of Chinese medicine-induced kidney injury. The mapping knowledge domain(MKD) was chosen to visualize the research process, hotspots,and frontiers, thus providing a reference for follow-up research. The relevant articles were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) from its inception to November 20, 2020, and 683 were finally included for visualization, with a knowledge map covering the keywords, research institutions and authors plotted by Cite Space.

[Pharmacovigilance of traditional Chinese medicine: an exploration based on prescription sequence analysis and prescription sequence symmetry analysis].

Multiple methods should be incorporated into the research on pharmacovigilance of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM for a comprehensive and objective evaluation. The arrival of the era of medical big data allows it to be deeply integrated into medical research. The real world study(RWS) represented by hospital information system(HIS) provides a data basis for exploring the pharmacovigilance of TCM.

[Cognition of traditional Chinese medicine properties and thinking of clinical rational use of drug].

This paper discusses the rational use of traditional Chinese medicine based on chemical composition, body state and biological effect. The essence and connotations of traditional Chinese medicine are explained by modern scientific theory and technical means, and the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of diseases is defined in modern medicine language, which is conducive to promoting rational and safe clinical use of drugs. Based on the chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine,the selected genuine medicinal materials were collected and processed in a standardized way, and then used in the combination with other traditional Chinese medicines, with the aim to improve the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine in clinical indications, increase the advantages, eliminate the disadvantages, and adapt to flexible and safe clinical drug demands.

[Early detection and risk control of safety signals of Chinese medicine].

The safety of modern Chinese medicine has attracted increasing attention from society. Experts and scholars have carried out extensive in-depth research on the safety of commonly used Chinese medicines from various aspects such as safety monitoring, clinical research, and experimental analysis. The findings in the safety performance of Chinese medicines can inspire the mining and analysis of relevant signals in the drug safety alerts.

[Enlightenment of international pharmacovigilance system on establishment of pharmacovigilance system of Chinese medicine].

Pharmacovigilance system is an extension of the original adverse drug reactions monitoring and reporting system as well as an internationally recognized basic system that must be matched with the whole life cycle supervision of drugs. European Union(EU)pharmacovigilance system, World Health Orgnization(WHO) Uppsala Monitoring Center system and ICH system are internationally recognized pharmacovigilance systems. They all have their own pharmacovigilance characteristics and could provide guarantee for clinical safe drug use.

Phylogeny and conservation of plant U2A/U2A', a core splicing component in U2 spliceosomal complex.

This study systematically identifies 112 U2A genes from 80 plant species by combinatory bioinformatics analysis, which is important for understanding their phylogenetic history, expression profiles and for predicting specific functions. In eukaryotes, a pre-mRNA can generate multiple transcripts by removing certain introns and joining corresponding exons, thus greatly expanding the transcriptome and proteome diversity. The spliceosome is a mega-Dalton ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex that is essential for the process of splicing.

Comprehensive Transcriptome and Metabolic Profiling of Petal Color Development in .

() is an important ornamental bulbous plant, and its numerous varieties in different color forms are widely planted. Multiple color types of petals in provide us with possibilities to delineate the complicated metabolic networks underlying the biochemical traits behind color formation in this plant species, especially petal color. In this study, we sequenced and annotated a reference transcriptome of pink and white petals of and analyzed the metabolic role of anthocyanin biosynthesis in regulating color pigment metabolism.

Development of a flow cytometry-based plating-free system for strain engineering in industrial fungi.

Recent technical advances regarding filamentous fungi have accelerated the engineering of fungal-based production and benefited basic science. However, challenges still remain and limit the speed of fungal applications. For example, high-throughput technologies tailored to filamentous fungi are not yet commonly available for genetic modification.

Application and prospects of single cell sequencing in tumors.

Cancer is an intricate disease with inherent intra-tumor heterogeneity at the cellular level because of genetic changes and environmental differences. Cellular heterogeneity exists even within the same tumor type. Small deviations in a genome or transcriptome can lead to significant differences in function.

NILs of Cold Tolerant Cultivar Exhibited New QTLs for Mineral Elements in Rice.

Chilling stress at booting stage can cause floret deterioration and sterility by limiting the supply of food chain and the accumulation of essential mineral elements resulting in reduction of yield and grain quality attributes in rice. Genomic selection of chilling tolerant rice with reference to the accumulation of mineral elements will have great potential to cope with malnutrition and food security in times of climate change. Therefore, a study was conducted to explore the genomic determinants of cold tolerance and mineral elements content in near-isogenic lines (NILs) of rice subjected to chilling stress at flowering stage.

Development of a High-Titer Culture Medium for the Production of Cholesterol by Engineered and Its Fed-Batch Cultivation Strategy.

Steroids are a class of compounds with cyclopentane polyhydrophenanthrene as the parent nucleus, and they usually have unique biological and pharmacological activities. Most of the biosynthesis of steroids is completed by a series of enzymatic reactions starting from cholesterol. Synthetic biology can be used to synthesize cholesterol in engineered microorganisms, but the production of cholesterol is too low to further produce other high-value steroids from cholesterol as the raw material and precursor.

[Diagnostic value of serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein for predicting acute aortic dissection].

To explore the diagnostic value of serum amyloid A (SAA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) for predicting acute aortic dissection (AAD). One hundred and seventy-five AAD patients and 160 patients with acute coronary syndrome (disease control group) who were admitted to Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease Hospital of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January 2018 to June 2020 were retrospectively selected. Meanwhile, 148 healthy subjects (healthy control group) who underwent physical examination were also enrolled.

Propofol ameliorates acute postoperative fatigue and promotes glucagon-regulated hepatic gluconeogenesis by activating CREB/PGC-1α and accelerating fatty acids beta-oxidation.

Postoperative fatigue (POF) is the most common and long-lasting complication after surgery, which brings heavy burden to individuals and society. Recently, hastening postoperative recovery receives increasing attention, but unfortunately, the mechanisms underlying POF remain unclear. Propofol is a wildly used general anesthetic in clinic, and inspired by the rapid antidepressant effects induced by ketamine at non-anesthetic dose, the present study was undertaken to investigate the anti-fatigue effects and underlying mechanisms of propofol at a non-anesthetic dose in 70% hepatectomy induced POF model in rats.

Tuning product selectivity in CO hydrogenation over metal-based catalysts.

Conversion of CO into chemicals is a promising strategy for CO utilization, but its intricate transformation pathways and insufficient product selectivity still pose challenges. Exploiting new catalysts for tuning product selectivity in CO hydrogenation is important to improve the viability of this technology, where reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) and methanation as competitive reactions play key roles in controlling product selectivity in CO hydrogenation. So far, a series of metal-based catalysts with adjustable strong metal-support interactions, metal surface structure, and local environment of active sites have been developed, significantly tuning the product selectivity in CO hydrogenation.