A fossil ovule with wind dispersal mechanisms and a probable micropyle.

Anemochory (wind dispersal) represents a key dispersal strategy that has allowed seed plants (spermatophytes) to expand habitats. To facilitate anemochory, the spermatophytes use diverse wind dispersal mechanisms, including wings or plumes of the ovule or seed. Seed wings are integument outgrowths of an ovule, while seed plumes refer to a bundle of filaments.

Interception behaviors of mixed chlorinated hydrocarbons in groundwater by DDAC-amended LPBs: Control mechanism and CFD simulation.

Low permeability barrier has emerged as a promising, cost-effective technology for anti-seepage and pollution mitigation in geotechnical engineering. However, its efficacy in organic pollution sites, particularly those contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) pales in comparison to its performance in areas contaminated by heavy metals. In order to rectify this deficiency, a novel bentonite backfill, modified with dihexadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC) and designated as DDAC-LPB, is proposed for use in low permeability barriers to contain CHCs in groundwater at contaminated sites.

Detecting natural gas storage microleakage based on K-means clustering under constraint of Jeffries-Matusita distance criterion using mobile LiDAR data.

Natural gas leaks alter both the spectral reflectance and the structure of surface vegetation, which can be used to indirectly monitor microleakages in gas storage facilities. However, existing methods predominantly focus on the spectral rather than structural response of stressed vegetation, and it is not clear whether structure characteristic can be used to identify natural gas stressed vegetation. In this study, the utility of mobile LiDAR in detecting vegetation structure changes due to natural gas stress was demonstrated by analyzing LiDAR data from a field experiment with bean and grass plants in their growing phase.

Promotion of polyhydroxyalkanoates-producing granular sludge formation by lactic acid using anaerobic dynamic feeding process.

To promote the formation of granular sludge with high polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) synthesis ability, an anaerobic dynamic feeding process (AnDF) was proposed. This process combines the feast-famine mode with an anaerobic plug flow feeding process and involving variations in cycle length and settling time. The effects of lactic acid (LA) content (0 %, 20 %, and 40 % COD) on sludge granulation and PHAs production were investigated using three AnDF reactors (R1, R2, and R3).

The Construction and Application of a Digital Coal Seam for Shearer Autonomous Navigation Cutting.

Accurately obtaining the geological characteristic digital model of a coal seam and surrounding rock in front of a fully mechanized mining face is one of the key technologies for automatic and continuous coal mining operation to realize an intelligent unmanned working face. The research on how to establish accurate and reliable coal seam digital models is a hot topic and technical bottleneck in the field of intelligent coal mining. This paper puts forward a construction method and dynamic update mechanism for a digital model of coal seam autonomous cutting by a coal mining machine, and verifies its effectiveness in experiments.

Enhancing the Cycling and Rate Performance of NaNiFeMnO Cathodes by La/Al Codoping.

O3-type layered oxides hold significant promise as the material for cathodes in sodium-ion batteries for their favorable electrochemical properties, while irreversible structural degradation and harmful phase transitions during cyclic operation limit the practical application of these materials. In this work, we proposed a La/Al codoping strategy in O3-Na(NiMnFe)O cathode materials and found that batteries with the Na (NiMnFe)LaAlO (NFM-La/Al) cathodes exhibited not only promoted capacity from 135.80 to 170.

Generation of oxygen vacancies in CuO/TiO heterojunction induced by diatomite for highly efficient UV-Vis-IR driven photothermal catalytic oxidation of HCHO.

Photothermal catalytic oxidation is a promising and sustainable method for the degradation of indoor formaldehyde (HCHO). However, the excessively high surface temperature of existing photothermal catalysts during catalysis hinders the effective adsorption and degradation of formaldehyde under static conditions. Catalyst loading and oxygen vacancies (OVs) modulation are commonly employed strategies to reduce the photothermal catalytic temperature and enhance the efficiency of photothermal catalytic oxidation.

Estimated daily intake and health risk assessment of total and organic selenium in crops across areas with different selenium levels.

Background: The health risk of Se has gained significant attention. Previous studies mainly focused on the health risk of total Se in high-Se area. Less attention has been paid to the health risk of organic selenium in areas with varying selenium levels.

Heat-dependent properties of methane diffusion in coal: an experimental study and mechanistic analysis.

Coalbed methane thermodynamic extraction, as an emerging ECBM recovery method, can effectively improve gas recovery rates. And clarifying methane diffusion and migration law in coal under thermal stimulation is crucial for the selection of its process parameters. Based on laboratory methane adsorption-release experiments, the evolution law of methane diffusion characteristics with temperature and pressure was studied, and the control mechanism of heat-dependent methane diffusion behavior was explored.

Double cross-linked chitosan sponge encapsulated with ZrO/soy protein isolate amyloid fibrils nanoparticles for the fluoride ion removal from water.

Fluoride ion pollution in water has become a serious threat to the water environment and human health. Adsorption is a promising means of fluoride removal, but it also faces challenges such as the difficult separation and recovery of powdered particles, the leaching of modified coatings from adsorbents, and the structural disintegration of macroscopic adsorbents. For addressing the above challenges, glutaraldehyde/polyvinyl alcohol co-crosslinked ZrSAF/chitosan spongy composites (ZrS/GPCS) were prepared by utilizing encapsulation strategies and cross-linking.

Machine learning constructs the microstructure and mechanical properties that accelerate the development of CFRP pyrolysis for carbon-fiber recycling.

The increasing use of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) has led to its post-end-of-life recycling becoming a research focus. Herein, we studied the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of recycled carbon fiber (rCF) during CFRP pyrolysis by innovatively combining typical experiments with machine learning. We first comprehensively studied the effects of treatment time and temperature on the mechanical properties, graphitization degree, lattice parameters, and surface O content of rCF following pyrolysis and oxidation.

Adsorption/desorption characteristics of methane on moist shale under high temperature and pressure: an experimental and molecular simulation study.

The adsorption/desorption characteristics of methane (CH) on moist shale are of great significance for shale gas exploration and production. However, the influence of moisture on CH adsorption/desorption under high temperature and pressure conditions, which is consistent to shale reservoirs (burial depths about 3500-4500 m) in China, remained unclear. In this study, quantitative analysis toward moisture dependence of CH adsorption/desorption capability on shales was investigated through experimentation and molecular dynamics simulation under moisture contents of 0%, 0.

Native polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coal and its preparation products-A mixed source of environmental contamination.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental pollutants and inherent components of coal and coal gangue. The similarities and differences in PAH characteristics between these two source materials are largely unknown. In this study, raw coal, cleaned coal, slime, middlings, and gangue from the Wangjialing Coal Preparation Plant in China were analyzed to determine the concentration and distribution of extractable PAHs.

Decomposition and decoupling analysis between economic growth and carbon emissions at the regional level: Evidence from six central provinces, China.

As the six central provinces account for 23% of total national carbon emissions (CE), research into the decoupling status of their economic growth (EG) and carbon emissions is critical to achieving the Dual Carbon Goals and the Rise of Central China Plan. This research initially examines the decoupling status between CE and EG using the Tapio decoupling model, based on energy consumption (EC) dataset from six central provinces in China between 2000 and 2019. The decoupling index (DI) is then divided into five decoupling drivers using the LMDI method.

Construction of molecular structure and active site analysis of Zichang coking coal: experimental and computational study.

In the study, the structural parameters of Zichang (ZC) coking coal from northern Shaanxi Province were examined. A theoretical calculation was employed to build a molecular structure model for ZC coal, as well as applying principles of quantum chemistry, the prediction of NMR spectrogram and density for the model was achieved, and the molecular chemical formula was CHON. The molecular structure optimization and annealing kinetics calculations are based on molecular mechanics (MM) and molecular dynamics (MD).

Long-term effect of phenol, quinoline, and pyridine on nitrite accumulation in the nitrification process: performance, microbial community, metagenomics and molecular docking analysis.

Phenol, quinoline, and pyridine, commonly found in industrial wastewater, disrupt the nitrification process, leading to nitrite accumulation. This study explores the potential mechanisms through which these biotoxic organic compounds affect nitrite accumulation, using metagenomic and molecular docking analyses. Despite increasing concentrations of these compounds from 40 to 160 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen removal was not hindered, and stable nitrite accumulation rates exceeding 90 % were maintained.

Pressure Characteristics and Secondary Ignition Effects of Gas Produced in RDE Using Lignite and Anthracite/CH Fuel.

This study aims to address the energy efficiency release and environmental impact of coal dust in rotating detonation engines (RDEs) by monitoring the detonation characteristics of lignite and anthracite in methane gas-solid mixtures using high-precision sensor technology. Experimental results indicate that the peak detonation pressure of anthracite is 1.4% higher than that of lignite, and its detonation wave propagation speed is at least 5.

Source-oriented health risk assessment of groundwater based on hydrochemistry and two-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation.

Accurately assessing the health risks posed by major contaminants is essential for protecting groundwater. However, the complexity of pollution sources and the uncertainty of parameters pose challenges for quantitative health risk assessment. In this study, a source-oriented groundwater risk evaluation process was improved by screening key pollutants, employing a combined hydrochemical and positive matrix factorization (PMF) approach for source apportionment, and incorporating two-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation for risk characterization.

Multifractal Characteristics of Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Different Rank Coals and Its Permeability Predicting Method.

The permeability of methane in coal is a crucial factor in the production of coal-bed methane (CBM), which is dependent on the pore size distribution (PSD) of coal. The transverse relaxation time cutoff value () is a crucial parameter in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques for converting NMR data into an absolute PSD. To investigate an appropriate approach for predicting the and permeability of different rank coals, this study first revealed, through centrifuge experiments with a centrifugal force of 1.

An Enhanced Numerical Calculation Method to Study the Anchorage Performance of Rebars.

When modelling the anchorage performance of rebars with the tri-linear law, the calculation process of the load-deformation relation is complicated. The reason is that when the rebar-grout interface entered the elastic-softening-debonding stage, the softening section length and debonding section length vary simultaneously. To solve this issue, this paper proposes an enhanced numerical calculation method.

Soil moisture evidence of self-restoration in coal mining subsidence area of Shendong Mining area: Cognition based on stable isotopes.

The Shendong mining area is the largest coal production base in China. However, the area is dry and water scarce, and the ecological environment is fragile. Large scale mining of shallow and thick coal seam in mining area may affect surface moisture and threaten surface ecological security.

Research on the development relationship between safety production indicators and economic and social indicators in China.

In order to study the relationship between China's safety production indicators and economic and social indicators, the development trend of indicator data in the past 20 years was statistically analyzed, and qualitative and quantitative research was conducted using grey relational analysis and multiple linear regression analysis methods. In the past two decades, there has been a significant improvement in the number of deaths, work-related injuries, and occupational patients in China's safety production, and the country's three categories of 14 economic and social indicators have achieved rapid development. Using the grey relation analysis method, the grey correlation degree between the number of deaths, work-related injuries, and occupational patients in China over the past twenty years and 14 economic and social indicators was obtained.

Relationship between the length of macular Bruch's membrane on fundus photograph and myopia occurrence in pre-myopia children aged 3-6 years: A 3-year longitudinal study.

Purpose: To evaluate the occurrence and influencing factors of myopia occurrence in pre-myopia children aged 3-6 years.

Methods: This study included 204 pre-myopia (-0.50D View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Experimental Study and Application Prospects of Coal Dust/Methane/Oxygen Pulse Detonation Performance: Coal Dust Equivalence Ratio and Types.

In order to achieve reliable application of coal in pulse detonation combustion chambers, this study explored the influence mechanism of equivalence ratio and coal type (lignite, anthracite) on the detonation characteristics of coal/methane/oxygen methane-solid two-phase fuel. A high-energy ignition device was used to ignite the preblast methane fuel, and the high-temperature and high-pressure energy generated directly initiated the detonation of coal/methane/oxygen methane-solid two-phase fuel. The experimental results are as follows: (1) The maximum detonation pressure of coal/methane/air fuel is positively correlated with the initial pressure.

[Assessment and Source Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution in Farmland Soil Around Tin Mine].

Studying the status and source analysis of heavy metal pollution in farmland in typical mining and processing areas is an important prerequisite for promoting farmland soil ecological restoration and farmland protection in concentrated mining areas. In this study, the heavy metal content of farmland soil around a mining area in southwest China was detected, and the pollution status, distribution law, health risks, and sources of heavy metals were studied by using the land accumulation index method, comprehensive pollution index method, kriging interpolation method, health risk assessment method, and PMF receptor model on the sampling data. The results showed that the mean values of eight heavy metals in farmland soil except Ni exceeded the local soil background values, and the results of the ground accumulation index evaluation showed that Cd and Hg were extremely polluted； Pb and As showed medium pollution-heavy pollution； and Cr, Zn, Ni, and Cu were lightly polluted.