Effects of Aerobic Exercise Combined with Oyster Peptide Supplement on the Formation of CTX-induced Late-Onset Hypogonadism in Male Rats.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise (AE) training and/or oyster peptide (OP) supplementation on the formation of late-onset hypogonadism (LOH). AE training and/or OP supplement was performed during Cytoxan (CTX)-induced LOH formation in male SD rats for 6 consecutive weeks. Low dose of CTX could decrease mating times, the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT) in serum and TT, androgen receptor (AR), androgen binding protein (ABP), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in testicle, but increase capture latency, mating latency, and malondialdehyde, and downregulate the mRNA expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR), P450 cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), and StAR-related lipid transfer domain 7 (StARD7) in testicle.

Comparison of oxidative stress-mitochondria-mediated tenderization in two different bovine muscles during aging.

The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the effects of mitochondria-involved energy metabolism and caspases activation on postmortem tenderness in different muscle fiber types. Beef (LT) and (PM) muscles showed significant difference in mitochondrial function. Our data revealed that PM suffered from higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) earlier than LT, causing faster mitochondrial swelling and rupture.

Triosephosphate Isomerase and Its Product Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Are Involved in the Regulatory Mechanism That Suppresses Exit from the Quiescent State in Yeast Cells.

Cells of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae form spores or stationary cells upon nutrient starvation. These quiescent cells are known to resume mitotic growth in response to nutrient signals, but the mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report that quiescent yeast cells are equipped with a negative regulatory mechanism which suppresses the commencement of mitotic growth.

Efficient CRISPR/Cas9 system based on autonomously replicating plasmid with an AMA1 sequence and precisely targeted gene deletion in the edible fungus, Cordyceps militaris.

Cordyceps militaris is a popular edible fungus with important economic value worldwide. In this study, an efficient CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing system based on an autonomously replicating plasmid with an AMA1 sequence was constructed. Further, a precisely targeted gene deletion via homology-directed repair was effectively introduced in C.

Genome-Based Analysis of Aspergillus niger Aggregate Species from China and Their Potential for Fumonisin B and Ochratoxin A Production.

Based on entire genome sequencing, this study focused on the classification of Aspergillus niger aggregation species and investigated their potential for fumonisin B (FB) and ochratoxin A (OTA) production. In the current study, 22 strains were used, namely 17 A. niger strains, four A.

Inoculum size of co-fermentative culture affects the sensory quality and volatile metabolome of fermented milk over storage.

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei PC-01 is a probiotic candidate isolated from naturally fermented yak milk in Lhasa, Tibet, and it has been shown to possess excellent milk fermentation properties. This study used Lacticaseibacillus paracasei PC-01 as a co-fermentation strain to investigate the effect of inoculum size with a commercial starter in milk fermentation on the product flavor and profile of volatile metabolites over 28 d of cold storage. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei PC-01 was allowed to ferment in pasteurized milk with or without the commercial starter (YF-L904) at 42°C until the pH decreased to 4.

Corn oligopeptides inhibit Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway and inflammatory factors to ameliorate CCl -induced hepatic fibrosis in mice.

In this study, the effect of corn oligopeptides (COPs) with liver protection activity on mice with hepatic fibrosis (HF) induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl ) was studied. It was proved that COPs can ameliorate the liver injury and inflammation caused by CCl by histopathology and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in mice. The expression of Akt/NF-κB inflammatory pathway was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting (WB).

Unfavourable intrauterine environment contributes to abnormal gut microbiome and metabolome in twins.

Objective: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a devastating pregnancy complication that increases the risk of perinatal mortality and morbidity. This study aims to determine the combined and relative effects of genetic and intrauterine environments on neonatal microbial communities and to explore selective FGR-induced gut microbiota disruption, metabolic profile disturbances and possible outcomes.

Design: We profiled and compared the gut microbial colonisation of 150 pairs of twin neonates who were classified into four groups based on their chorionicity and discordance of fetal birth weight.

Adverse Effects of Andrographolide Derivative Medications Compared to the Safe use of Herbal Preparations of : Results of a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies.

(AP) is a traditionally used herbaceous plant, whose main active constituent is andrographolide. Andrographolide derivative medications and herbal preparations of AP are often used to treat respiratory tract infections. This study aims to systematically evaluate the safety of andrographolide derivative medications and herbal preparations of AP based on clinical studies.

Influence of ultrasound and microwave treatments on the structural and thermal properties of normal maize starch and potato starch: A comparative study.

The effects of ultrasound and microwave on the physicochemical properties of normal maize and potato starches were compared. The cavitation effect of ultrasound loosened the internal space and destroyed the structure of starch granules, increased the damaged starch content, which was consistent with the decrease in relative crystallinity and the number and brightness of Maltese crosses, and the increase in D(0.5) and D(4,3) values.

Effect of whey protein isolate and phenolic copigments in the thermal stability of mulberry anthocyanin extract at an acidic pH.

This study investigated the effect of whey protein isolate (WPI) and phenolic copigments on the color and anthocyanin stability of mulberry anthocyanin extract (MAE) subjected to heat treatment (80℃/120 min) at pH 3.6. Results showed that four phenolic compounds, including gallic acid, ferulic acid, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and rutin, significantly affected the color enhancement of MAE solution, among which the strongest copigmentation effect on MAE was observed for rutin at 0.

sp. nov., isolated from corridor air.

A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, occurring singly or in pairs, designated TB2019, was isolated from environmental monitoring samples of corridor air collected at the Tianjin Institute for Drug Control, Tianjin Province (PR China). The isolate was able to grow at 15-40 °C (optimum growth at 37 °C), pH 6.0-8.

Physicochemical characterization and identification of major linear epitopes of sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein (SCP) allergen from Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas).

Background: Food allergy is a serious public nutritional health problem that has attracted extensive worldwide attention. Shellfish allergy is a long-lasting disorder that has a lifelong impact on health. Sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein (SCP) plays a vital role in cell and muscle functions and has been identified as an allergen in oyster.

The anti-fatigue activity of corn peptides and their effect on gut bacteria.

Background: Corn peptides (CPs) are rich in branched-chain amino acids such as leucine and have a variety of biological activities such as antioxidant and improved lipid distribution. In this article, we prepared CPs by enzymatic digestion of corn proteins and evaluated their anti-fatigue activity.

Results: We evaluated the anti-fatigue effect of CPs through an exhaustive swimming experiment.

Physicochemical characterization and linear epitopes identification of arginine kinase allergen from Crassostrea gigas.

Background: Molluscan shellfish, including oysters, often cause allergic reactions in sensitive people throughout the world. It has been demonstrated that arginine kinase (AK) is one of the major allergens of oyster. The present study aimed to evaluate the immunoreactivity and structure of oyster AK as affected by heat treatment, pH change, and in vitro digestion.

Synergistic regulation of nonbinary molecular switches by protonation and light.

We report a molecular switching ensemble whose states may be regulated in synergistic fashion by both protonation and photoirradiation. This allows hierarchical control in both a kinetic and thermodynamic sense. These pseudorotaxane-based molecular devices exploit the so-called Texas-sized molecular box (cyclo[2]-(2,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine)[2](1,4-dimethylenebenzene); 1, studied as its tetrakis-PF salt) as the wheel component.

Preparation of casein phosphopeptides calcium complex and the promotion in calcium cellular uptake through transcellular transport pathway.

This study evaluated the stability of casein phosphopeptides (CPP) and obtained peptide-calcium complex by heating and chelating the peptide with CaCl in a neutral solution. To assess the bioavailability of various calcium formulations, the calcium transport models were established in Caco-2 cells, and the transcellular transport pathways of various calcium formulations were studied by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results of circular dichroism showed that CPP was a stable polypeptide.

Geniposide suppresses thermogenesis via regulating PKA catalytic subunit in adipocytes.

Geniposide has been widely found to ameliorate many metabolic diseases. The recruitment and activation of brown/beige adipocytes are effective and promising methods for counteracting obesity and related diseases. However, the effect of geniposide on thermogenesis of adipocytes and its underlying mechanism have not yet been investigated.

Anti-fatigue effects of fermented soybean protein peptides in mice.

Background: Bioactive protein hydrolysates and peptides are believed to help counteract and ameliorate physical fatigue. Fermented soybean protein peptides (FSPPs) were prepared by protease hydrolysis and microbial fermentation. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-fatigue properties of FSPPs.

Effects of topical application of different molecular weight marine fish skin collagen oligopeptides on UVB-induced photoaging rat skin.

Objective: The objective of this work was to develop a peptide production process of the exact molecular weight propitious to topical application for cosmetics and to investigate the effects of enzymolysis-derived peptide on UVB-induced photoaging rat skin.

Methods: The chum salmon fish skins were hydrolyzed by alkaline protease and neutral protease and spray-dried at different conditions, and three kinds of molecular weight peptide (MFSOP) were obtained. A total of 66 ICR rats (female, 20 ± 1 g) were randomly divided into eleven groups, including the normal, model, and experimental groups.

In Vitro Antibacterial and Antitumor Activity of Total Triterpenoids from a Medicinal Mushroom Sanghuangporus sanghuang (Agaricomycetes) in Liquid Fermentation Culture.

We analyzed the biological activity and composition of total triterpenoids extracted from the liquid fermentation culture of the medicinal mushroom Sanghuangporus sanghuang. S. sanghuang total triterpenoid extract (STTE) had the strongest inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, and STTE at 2-fold the minimum inhibitory concentration had a significant effect on the growth of four types of bacteria and caused marked nucleic acid leakage.

Isolation and characterization of oligopeptides with vascular disease suppression effects derived from wheat gluten.

Wheat gluten was hydrolyzed with both alkaline protease and neutral protease to produce high-protein and low-wheat-weight oligopeptides (WOP), which was subjected to a multistage purification. Then, high performance liquid chromatography was applied to separate WOP. In order to identify WOP sequences, six major fractions were gathered for mass spectrometry.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Genomic Characterization of Two -Harboring Foodborne Isolates Recovered in China, 2016.

The gene mediating mobile colistin resistance in was first reported in China in 2016 followed by reports among different species worldwide, especially in and . However, data on its transmission in are still lacking. This study analyzed the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles and the gene presence in 755 foodborne from 26 provinces of mainland, China in 2016.

Silage Fermentation on Sweet Sorghum Whole Plant for Fen-Flavor Baijiu.

The technology for producing bioethanol from sweet sorghum stalks by solid-state fermentation has developed rapidly in recent years, and has many similarities with traditional Chinese liquor production. However, the product from sweet sorghum stalks was lacking in volatile flavors, and the level of harmful contents were uncertain, therefore it could not be sold as liquor. In this study, the protein, fat, and tannin in the clusters and leaves of sweet sorghum were utilized to increase the content of flavor compounds in the ethanol product through the anaerobic fermentation of .

Maca extracts regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells via the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway.

This work focused on the separation of the active ingredients of maca ( Walpers) and evaluated the antioxidative capability of these components with effects on improving glucose and lipid metabolism in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. DPPH free radical scavenging and reducing power assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of maca extracts. An insulin-resistant HepG2 cell model induced by glucose, fructose, oleic acid, and palmitic acid was adopted to investigate the effects of maca extracts on regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in this study.