Efficacy, safety, and quality of life of dabrafenib plus trametinib treatment in Chinese patients with mutation-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Dabrafenib plus trametinib (Dab + Tram) is an approved targeted therapy in patients with mutated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we report the efficacy, safety, and quality of life (QoL) results of Dab + Tram treatment in Chinese patients with mutation-positive metastatic NSCLC.

Methods: This is a single-arm, open-label, multicentre, phase II study (NCT04452877).

TLR7/8/9 agonists and low-dose cisplatin synergistically promotes tertiary lymphatic structure formation and antitumor immunity.

In situ vaccination (ISV) triggers antitumor immune responses using the patient's own cancer antigens, yet limited neoantigen release hampers its efficacy. Our novel combination therapy involves low-dose local cisplatin followed by ISV with a TLR7/8/9 agonist formulation (CR108), in which CR108 boosts and sustains the antitumor responses induced by the cisplatin-released neoantigens. In mouse models, the cisplatin+CR108 combination significantly outperformed cisplatin or CR108 alone in abrogating established 4T1 and B16 tumors.

Rational selection of TbpB variants yields a bivalent vaccine with broad coverage against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an on-going public health problem due in part to the lack of success with efforts to develop an efficacious vaccine to prevent this sexually transmitted infection. The gonococcal transferrin binding protein B (TbpB) is an attractive candidate vaccine antigen. However, it exhibits high levels of antigenic variability, posing a significant obstacle in evoking a broadly protective immune response.

Amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) imaging and derived quantitative metrics in evaluating gliomas: Improved performance compared to magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTR).

Rationale And Objectives: Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) status, glioma subtypes and tumor proliferation are important for glioma evaluation. We comprehensively compare the diagnostic performance of amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) MRI and its related metrics in glioma diagnosis, in the context of the latest classification.

Materials And Methods: Totally 110 patients with adult-type diffuse gliomas underwent APTw imaging.

Enabling tumor-specific drug delivery by targeting the Warburg effect of cancer.

Metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells is an emerging hallmark of cancer. Among all the changes in cancer metabolism, increased glucose uptake and the accumulation of lactate under normoxic conditions (the "Warburg effect") is a common feature of cancer cells. In this study, we develop a lactate-responsive drug delivery platform by targeting the Warburg effect.

CT Predictors of Angiolymphatic Invasion in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer 30 mm or Smaller.

Background Angiolymphatic invasion (ALI) is an important prognostic indicator in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, few studies focus on radiologic features for predicting ALI in patients with early-stage NSCLCs 30 mm or smaller. Purpose To identify radiologic features for predicting ALI in NSCLCs 30 mm or smaller in maximum diameter.

A mitochondria-interfering nanocomplex cooperates with photodynamic therapy to boost antitumor immunity.

Immunotherapeutics against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) hold great promise. In this work, we provide a combination therapy for simultaneous increasing tumor immunogenicity and down-regulating programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) to boost antitumor immunity in TNBC. We prepare bis (diethyldithiocarbamate)-copper/indocyanine green nanoparticles (CuET/ICG NPs) simply in aqueous with one-pot method.

Overlooked and underpowered: a meta-research addressing sample size in radiomics prediction models for binary outcomes.

Objectives: To investigate how studies determine the sample size when developing radiomics prediction models for binary outcomes, and whether the sample size meets the estimates obtained by using established criteria.

Methods: We identified radiomics studies that were published from 01 January 2023 to 31 December 2023 in seven leading peer-reviewed radiological journals. We reviewed the sample size justification methods, and actual sample size used.

Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Vertebrobasilar Artery Occlusion with Mild Deficits: A Multicenter Registry Study.

Background Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is an effective method for vertebrobasilar artery occlusion (VBAO) in patients with moderate to severe deficits but has unclear benefits in patients with low National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores at hospital admission. Purpose To compare the clinical outcomes of best medical management (BMM) alone versus BMM and early EVT (door-to-puncture time [DPT] ≤ 120 minutes) versus BMM and late EVT (DPT > 120 minutes) in patients with VBAO who have NIHSS scores of 10 or less at admission. Materials and Methods This retrospective study evaluated patients with VBAO and admission NIHSS score of 10 or less who were seen at 65 stroke centers in China from December 2015 to June 2022.

Vps4a Mediates a Unified Membrane Repair Machinery to Attenuate Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.

Background: Cardiac ischemia/reperfusion disrupts plasma membrane integrity and induces various types of programmed cell death. The ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) proteins, particularly AAA-ATPase Vps4a (vacuolar protein sorting 4a), play an essential role in the surveillance of membrane integrity. However, the role of ESCRT proteins in the context of cardiac injury remains unclear.

Immunotherapy for advanced-stage squamous cell lung cancer: the state of the art and outstanding questions.

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment paradigm for advanced-stage squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (LUSC), a histological subtype associated with inferior outcomes compared with lung adenocarcinoma. However, only a subset of patients derive durable clinical benefit. In the first-line setting, multiple ICI regimens are available, including anti-PD-(L)1 antibodies as monotherapy, in combination with chemotherapy, or with an anti-CTLA4 antibody with or without chemotherapy.

Deficiency of Endothelial Impairs Pulmonary Vascular Angiogenesis and Predisposes Pulmonary Hypertension.

Background: Mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel plays a key role in pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the role of Piezo2 in PH remains unclear.

Methods: Endothelial cell (EC)-specific knockout (, Tek-Cre; ) rats and primarily cultured pulmonary microvascular ECs were used to determine the role of Piezo2 in PH.

An Automatic Deep-Radiomics Framework for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Stratification in Patients with Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen of 4.0-10.0 ng/mL: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Rationale And Objectives: To develop an automatic deep-radiomics framework that diagnoses and stratifies prostate cancer in patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels between 4 and 10 ng/mL.

Materials And Methods: A total of 1124 patients with histological results and PSA levels between 4 and 10 ng/mL were enrolled from one public dataset and two local institutions. An nnUNet was trained for prostate masks, and a feature extraction module identified suspicious lesion masks.

Tenecteplase Thrombolysis for Stroke up to 24 Hours After Onset With Perfusion Imaging Selection: The CHABLIS-T II Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Whether it is effective and safe to extend the time window of intravenous thrombolysis up to 24 hours after the last known well is unknown. We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of tenecteplase in Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large/medium vessel occlusion within an extended time window.

Methods: Patients with ischemic stroke presenting 4.

NRP1 instructs IL-17-producing ILC3s to drive colitis progression.

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) control tissue homeostasis and orchestrate mucosal inflammation; however, the precise mechanisms governing ILC3 activity are fully understood. Here, we identified the transmembrane protein neuropilin-1 (NRP1) as a positive regulator of interleukin (IL)-17-producing ILC3s in the intestine. NRP1 was markedly upregulated in intestinal mucosal biopsies from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) compared with healthy controls.

Human respiratory organoids sustained reproducible propagation of human rhinovirus C and elucidation of virus-host interaction.

The lack of a robust system to reproducibly propagate HRV-C, a family of viruses refractory to cultivation in standard cell lines, has substantially hindered our understanding of this common respiratory pathogen. We sought to develop an organoid-based system to reproducibly propagate HRV-C, and characterize virus-host interaction using respiratory organoids. We demonstrate that airway organoids sustain serial virus passage with the aid of CYT387-mediated immunosuppression, whereas nasal organoids that more closely simulate the upper airway achieve this without any intervention.

A phase I, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of nirsevimab in healthy Chinese adults.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants worldwide. Nirsevimab, an extended half-life monoclonal antibody against RSV, is approved in China for the prevention of RSV lower respiratory tract disease in infants; however, global nirsevimab trials did not enroll Chinese infants. To inform the investigation of nirsevimab for the prevention of RSV LRTI in Chinese infants, this Phase I, randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of nirsevimab in healthy Chinese adults.

Analyzing the Effect of Surgical and Corneal Parameters on the Postoperative Refractive Outcomes of Smile in Myopic Eyes Based on Machine Learning.

Purpose: To analyze the influence of individual parameters on the postoperative refractive outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in myopic eyes using machine learning.

Design: Retrospective Clinical Cohort Study METHODS: This study included 477 patients (922 eyes) of SMILE and divided them into two groups based on postoperative spherical equivalent (SE) ≤ -0.50D to analyze the factors influencing postoperative refractive outcomes.

Concomitant Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability Affects Postoperative Functional Outcomes in Patients With Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus but Does Not Affect Cartilage Repair After Restoration of Ankle Stability.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of concomitant chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) on postoperative clinical outcomes in patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs).

Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for OLTs between January 2018 and May 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. OLT patients underwent debridement, microfracture, or bone grafting, whereas patients with concomitant CLAI underwent lateral ligament repair or reconstruction.

Advances in biopharmaceutical products for hemophilia.

Hemophilia is caused by the deficiency of clotting factors due to a single genetic abnormality. Replacement therapies have evolved from plasma-derived to recombinant coagulation factor concentrates but continue to have certain limitations. Monoclonal antibodies are clinical prophylactic treatment options unaffected by inhibitors and have better compliance than coagulation factor concentrates for patients with hemophilia.

Roseburia intestinalis-derived butyrate alleviates neuropathic pain.

Approximately 20% of patients with shingles develop postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). We investigated the role of gut microbiota in shingle- and PHN-related pain. Patients with shingles or PHN exhibited significant alterations in their gut microbiota with microbial markers predicting PHN development among patients with shingles.

Current status of vocational delay of gratification among practicing nursing students and its influencing factors: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Practicing nursing students play a critical role in addressing the nursing workforce shortage. Their vocational delay of gratification influences career planning and practice quality. This study aimed to assess the level of vocational delay of gratification among nursing students and identify its influencing factors.

Cardiovascular Events Associated with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: A Safety Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and a Pharmacovigilance Study of the FAERS Database.

Background: CDK4/6 inhibitors are highly valued, but the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events (CVAEs) associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors is not clear.

Objective: Our aim was therefore to assess the risk of developing CVAEs associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors, by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), along with a pharmacovigilance study of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Methods: Eligible CVAEs were extracted from the ClinicalTrials.