Yeast Diversity in the Qaidam Basin Desert in China with the Description of Five New Yeast Species.

The Qaidam Basin is the highest and one of the largest and driest deserts on Earth. It is considered a mars analog area in China. In contrast to numerous studies concerning its geology, geophysical, and chemistry, relatively few studies have reported microbial diversity and distribution in this area.

Proposal of Two New Combinations, Twenty New Species, Four New Genera, One New Family, and One New Order for the Anamorphic Basidiomycetous Yeast Species in .

Two hundred and forty-four ustilaginomycetous yeast or yeast-like strains were isolated from the soil, skin of animals or humans and plant materials during the past 20 years. Among them, 203 strains represent 39 known species, whereas 41 strains represent several novel species based on the sequence analyses of the rDNA genes [18S rDNA, Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions, 26S rDNA D1/D2 domain] and three protein genes (, and ). In this study, one new order, one new family, four new genera, twenty new species, and two new combinations were proposed.

sp. nov., isolated from Antarctic soil.

Strain 3F2 was isolated from a soil sample obtained from the surface of Deception Island, Antarctica. The isolate was a Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, and its colonies were red to pink in colour. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 3F2 belonged to the genus , family and was most closely related to DG5B (97.

Propioniciclava soli sp. nov., isolated from forest soil, Yunnan, China, and reclassification of the genus Brevilactibacter into the genus Propioniciclava, and Brevilactibacter sinopodophylli, Brevilactibacter flavus, and Brevilactibacter coleopterorum as Propioniciclava sinopodophylli comb. nov., Propioniciclava flava comb. nov., and Propioniciclava coleopterorum comb. nov., respectively.

A Gram-stain-positive, coccus-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile bacterial strain, designated YIM S02567, was isolated from a forest soil sample collected from Gejiu City, Yunnan Province, southwest PR China. Growth was observed at 10-45 °C, at pH 6.0-9.

and sp. nov., isolated from a glacier.

Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, pink and light pink colony-forming bacteria, designated as Hz2 and MDT2-14, respectively, were isolated from glacier cryoconite samples. Comparisons based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains Hz2 and MDT2-14 take KR32 and J391 as their closest neighbours, respectively. The average nucleotide identity values between the two novel strains and their closest relatives were 83.

sp. nov., isolated from deep seawater.

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated SW123, was isolated from a deep-sea water sample collected from the Indian Ocean. Strain SW123 was strictly aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C, iso-C and summed feature 9 (comprising C-methyl or iso-C 9).

sp. nov., isolated from an oil production mixture in Yumen Oilfield, and emended description of .

A pink, ovoid-shaped, Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic and motile bacterial strain, designated ROY-5-3, was isolated from an oil production mixture from Yumen Oilfield in PR China. The strain grew at 4-42 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5-10 (optimum, 7) and with 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0%). The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that ROY-5-3 belongs to the genus and shared the highest pairwise similarities with CW67 (98.

sp. nov., isolated from subgingival plaque of periodontitis patient.

Two carbon dioxide-requiring, gliding, Gram-stain-negative strains, designated p1a2 and 051621, were isolated from subgingival plaque in association with severe periodontitis. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that they represented members of the genus and had less than 96.4 % pairwise similarity with species with validly published names in this genus.

gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sediment.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile bacterial strain, designated SW124, was isolated from a deep-sea sediment sample collected from the Indian Ocean. SW124 was aerobic and catalase-positive. The strain grew at 4-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5.

sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sediment.

A novel bacterial strain, designated SW136, was isolated from a deep-sea sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SW136 represented a novel member of the genus , forming a distinct cluster with '', and (98.

gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family isolated from a glacier.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, yellow bacterium, designated as LB1R16, was isolated from the Laigu glacier on the Tibetan Plateau, PR China. Strain LB1R16 was catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and grew at 0-28 °C, pH 6.0-8.

sp. nov. and sp. nov., isolated from glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau.

The genus (family ) can be found in diverse environments. In this study, seven novel strains were isolated from glaciers in PR China and subjected to taxonomic research. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the strains belonged to the genus .

Alkalibacillus aidingensis sp. nov., an Bacterium Isolated from Aiding Lake in Xinjiang Province, North-West China.

A bacterial strain, Gram staining negative, aerobic, long rod, motile bacterium with flagellum, designated strain YIM 98829, was isolated from the Aiding Lake in Xinjiang province, North-West China. The isolate produced oval subterminal endospores in swollen sporangia. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7.

Linking genomic and physiological characteristics of psychrophilic Arthrobacter to metagenomic data to explain global environmental distribution.

Background: Microorganisms drive critical global biogeochemical cycles and dominate the biomass in Earth's expansive cold biosphere. Determining the genomic traits that enable psychrophiles to grow in cold environments informs about their physiology and adaptive responses. However, defining important genomic traits of psychrophiles has proven difficult, with the ability to extrapolate genomic knowledge to environmental relevance proving even more difficult.

Planococcus soli sp. nov., isolated from antarctic soil.

A novel bacterial strain, designated C23, was isolated from a soil sample obtained from King George Island, Antarctica. Phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses were performed on the new isolate. Strain C23 formed orange colonies on agar plates and was Gram-stain-positive.

sp. nov., isolated from water of crater lake.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, flagellated, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, named B2R-29, was isolated from water collected from a crater lake on Da Hinggan mountain, PR China. Strain B2R-29 was oxidase- and catalase-positive. On the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, strain B2R-29 clearly belonged to the family , class and showed the highest similarity to EM1 (97.

sp. nov., an ascomycetous yeast isolated from Tibet.

Eight apiculate strains isolated from Tibet, PR China, were identified as and a novel species of based on the sequence analysis of the ITS region, the D1/D2 domains of the LSU rRNA and the translation elongation factor 1-a () gene. Among them, four strains with identical sequences of D1/D2 and ITS formed a separate branch from the known species in the phylogenetic trees, and differed from the known species by at least 17 (3 %) nucleotide (nt) substitutions in the D1/D2 domains and more than 6 % substitutions and inserts/deletes in the ITS region. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that those four strains represent a novel species of , for which the names sp.

Azospirillum oleiclasticum sp. nov, a nitrogen-fixing and heavy oil degrading bacterium isolated from an oil production mixture of Yumen Oilfield.

Two nitrogen-fixing and heavy oil degrading strains, designated RWY-5-1-1 and ROY-1-1-2, were isolated from an oil production mixture from Yumen Oilfield in China. The 16S rRNA gene sequence showed they belong to Azospirillum and have less than 96.1 % pairwise similarity with each species in this genus.

sp. nov. and sp. nov. (Cryptococcaceae, Tremellales), two novel basidiomycetous yeast species isolated from flowers.

Three yeast strains isolated from three flower samples were identified as representing two novel species of based on molecular phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic comparisons. Strains 12A8 and 21S4 with pink cream colonies and subglobose to globose cells had identical sequences in the ITS and LSU D1/D2 regions, which differed from strain X54 with cream colonies and ovoid to ellipsoidal cells by 6 nt substitutions (1 %) and 9 nt mismatches (1.5 %) in the D1/D2 domains and ITS region, respectively.

sp. nov. and sp. nov., isolated from a glacier on the Tibetan Plateau.

Two Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, bacterial strains, designated as ZB1P21 and ZT4R22, were isolated from ice and cryoconite samples collected from Zepu glacier on the Tibetan Plateau, PR China. The phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene showed that the two strains belong to the genus . Strain ZB1P21 showed the highest similarity to WPCB133 (97.

gcType: a high-quality type strain genome database for microbial phylogenetic and functional research.

Taxonomic and functional research of microorganisms has increasingly relied upon genome-based data and methods. As the depository of the Global Catalogue of Microorganisms (GCM) 10K prokaryotic type strain sequencing project, Global Catalogue of Type Strain (gcType) has published 1049 type strain genomes sequenced by the GCM 10K project which are preserved in global culture collections with a valid published status. Additionally, the information provided through gcType includes >12 000 publicly available type strain genome sequences from GenBank incorporated using quality control criteria and standard data annotation pipelines to form a high-quality reference database.