The two action mechanisms of plant cryptochromes.

Plant cryptochromes (CRYs) are photolyase-like blue-light receptors that contain a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) chromophore. In plants grown in darkness, CRYs are present as monomers. Photoexcited CRYs oligomerize to form homo-tetramers.

Description of six novel species sp. nov., sp. nov., sp. nov., sp. nov., sp. nov. and sp. nov., isolated from mangrove ecosystem.

Six Gram-stain-positive and rod-shaped strains, designated FJAT-51614, FJAT-51639, FJAT-52054, FJAT-52991, FJAT-53654 and FJAT-53711, were isolated from a mangrove ecosystem. The condition for growth among the strains varied (pH ranging 5.0-11.

Effects of variable mating opportunity, delay, and male mating experience on the lifespan, female reproductive traits, and offspring traits of Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae).

The balance between mating benefits and costs shapes reproductive strategies and life history traits across animal species. For biological control programs, understanding how mating rates influence life history traits is essential for optimising population management and enhancing predator efficacy. This study investigates the impact of mating opportunity availability, delayed mating, and male mating history (copulation frequency) on the lifespan (both sexes), female reproductive traits (duration of oviposition and of pre- and post-oviposition periods, and lifetime oviposition), and offspring quality (egg size and offspring survival) of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae), an important biological control agent against spider mites.

Corrigendum: Specific detection of duck adeno-associated virus using a TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.

Molecular and functional characterization of a β-tubulin gene in Plutella xylostella.

The β-tubulin gene is essential for reproductive development, especially for male fertility, in different insects including Bombyx mori and Drosophila melanogaster. Targeting reproductive genes such as β-tubulin offers a promising approach to pest control that is more sustainable than chemical pesticides. However, there is limited research on the functional role of β-tubulin in Plutella xylostella, a highly damaging pest of vegetable crops.

Long-day induced flowering requires DNA hypermethylation in orchardgrass.

Flowering, a pivotal plant lifecycle event, is intricately regulated by environmental and endogenous signals via genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Photoperiod is a crucial environmental cue that induces flowering by activating integrators through genetic and epigenetic pathways. However, the specific role of DNA methylation, a conserved epigenetic marker, in photoperiodic flowering remains unclear.

Assessment of cold resistance in tobacco varieties using JIP-test parameters and seedling growth.

Cold stress (CS) is a significant natural hazard, and distinguishing between plant cold resistance and sensitivity is critical for cultivar breeding and the development of germplasm resources. This study used 205 tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) varieties from around the world to investigate the changes in the chlorophyll a fluorescence (OJIP) transients, JIP-test parameters, and seedling growth caused by seven days of CS (5°C) treatment.

Spatial-Temporal Variation of Grain Magnesium, Calcium and Their Response to Phosphorus Nutrition in Sweet Corn.

Sweet corn ( L. ) is gaining global popularity as a staple crop and a vegetable due to its high nutritional value. However, information on grain magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) status and their response to phosphorus (P) fertilization in sweet corn is still insufficient.

A Ralstonia effector RipAU impairs peanut AhSBT1.7 immunity for pathogenicity via AhPME-mediated cell wall degradation.

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a devastating disease affecting a great many crops including peanut. The pathogen damages plants via secreting type Ш effector proteins (T3Es) into hosts for pathogenicity. Here, we characterized RipAU was among the most toxic effectors as ΔRipAU completely lost its pathogenicity to peanuts.

extracellular vesicles alleviate alcohol-induced liver injury in mice by regulating gut microbiota and activating the Nrf-2 signaling pathway.

derived extracellular vesicles (LAB-EVs) are nanosized particles secreted from during fermentation, and therefore exist universally in fermented foods such as yogurt, pickles, and fermented beverages. In this study, three LAB-EVs were prepared using a simple scalable method, and then their structures, compositions, and biosafety properties were characterized. The protective properties and potential mechanisms of action of the LAB-EVs against alcoholic liver disease were studied.

Biological studies reveal the role of trpA gene in biofilm formation, motility, hemolysis and virulence in Vibrio anguillarum.

Vibrio anguillarum is a pathogen responsible for vibriosis in aquaculture animals. The formation of bacterial biofilm contributes to infections and increases resistance to antibiotics. Tryptophanase and its substrate tryptophan have been recognized as signal molecules regulating bacterial biofilm formation.

Importance of OsRac1 in Signalling of Pigm-1 Mediated Resistance to Rice Blast Disease.

In rice, leucine-rich repeat nucleotide-binding site (NLR) proteins are pivotal immune receptors in combating -triggered rice blast. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying how NLR proteins regulate downstream signalling remains elusive due to the lack of knowledge regarding their direct downstream targets. The NLR protein Pigm-1 was cloned from Shuangkang 77009 in our laboratory.

PC-YOLO11s: A Lightweight and Effective Feature Extraction Method for Small Target Image Detection.

Compared with conventional targets, small objects often face challenges such as smaller size, lower resolution, weaker contrast, and more background interference, making their detection more difficult. To address this issue, this paper proposes an improved small object detection method based on the YOLO11 model-PC-YOLO11s. The core innovation of PC-YOLO11s lies in the optimization of the detection network structure, which includes the following aspects: Firstly, PC-YOLO11s has adjusted the hierarchical structure of the detection network and added a P2 layer specifically for small object detection.

Peptide with Dual Roles in Immune and Metabolic Regulation: Liver-Expressed Antimicrobial Peptide-2 (LEAP-2).

Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2) was originally discovered as an antimicrobial peptide that plays a vital role in the host innate immune system of various vertebrates. Recent research discovered LEAP-2 as an endogenous antagonist and inverse agonist of the GHSR1a receptor. By acting as a competitive antagonist to ghrelin, LEAP-2 influences energy balance and metabolic processes via the ghrelin-GHSR1a signaling pathway.

Redefining the Tea Green Leafhopper: Matsuda (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) as a Vital Asset in Premium Tea Production.

This review explores the evolving role of the tea green leafhopper, , in the tea industry, transitioning from a recognized pest to a significant enhancer of tea quality. Recent research highlights how its feeding behavior stimulates the production of desirable secondary metabolites, thereby improving the flavor profiles and market value of premium teas, particularly varieties like Taiwan's "Oriental Beauty". As consumer demand for unique and artisanal teas rises, the economic benefits associated with are becoming increasingly evident, prompting farmers to adopt sustainable agricultural practices that often involve reduced pesticide use.

Assessment of Different Conventional and Biofortified Wheat Genotypes Based on Biology and Damage Pattern of and .

The lesser grain borer, (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and khapra beetle, E. (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) are primary stored-grain insect pests.

High Antennal Expression of and Participate in the Recognition of Alarm Pheromones by Buren.

Insects have highly developed olfactory systems in which cytochrome P450s (CYPs) were involved as odor-degrading enzymes throughout the olfactory recognition of odor compounds by insects to avoid continuous stimulation of signaling molecules and thus damage to the olfactory nervous. To understand whether the highly expressed CYPs in the antennae play an olfactory function in worker, in this study, we find six highly expressed antennal CYPs from the transcriptome of . Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis divided them into two families: the CYP3 family (, ) and the CYP4 family (, , , ).

Fat Body Metabolome Revealed Glutamine Metabolism Pathway Involved in Prepupal Responding to Cold Stress.

Thermal condition affects the development and growth of ectotherms. The stenothermic honeybee brood, particularly the prepupae, are sensitive to low rearing temperature. The fat body plays important roles in energy reserve and metabolism during the honeybee brood development.

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals New Insights into Spawn Aging in : Mitochondrial Dysfunction.

Spawn aging poses a substantial challenge to the industry. This study focuses on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the aging process of spawn. We conducted a comprehensive comparative transcriptome analysis to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying spawn aging.

Cytosine Methylation Changes the Preferred Cis-Regulatory Configuration of Arabidopsis WUSCHEL-Related Homeobox 14.

The Arabidopsis transcription factor WUSCHEL-related homeobox 14 (AtWOX14) plays versatile roles in plant growth and development. However, its biochemical specificity of DNA binding, its genome-wide regulatory targets, and how these are affected by DNA methylation remain uncharacterized. To clarify the biochemistry underlying the regulatory function of AtWOX14, using the recently developed 5mC-incorporation strategy, this study performed SELEX and DAP-seq for AtWOX14 both in the presence and absence of cytosine methylation, systematically curated 65 motif models and identified 51,039 genomic binding sites for AtWOX14, and examined how 5mC affects DNA binding of AtWOX14 through bioinformatic analyses.

Proteomic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins in A549 Cells Infected with H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus.

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are highly contagious pathogens that cause zoonotic disease with limited availability of antiviral therapies, presenting ongoing challenges to both public health and the livestock industry. Unveiling host proteins that are crucial to the IAV life cycle can help clarify mechanisms of viral replication and identify potential targets for developing alternative host-directed therapies. Using a four-dimensional (4D), label-free methodology coupled with bioinformatics analysis, we analyzed the expression patterns of cellular proteins that changed following H9N2 virus infection.

Mitochondrial Genome Characteristics Reveal Evolution of and Phylogenetic Relationships.

is a fully mycoheterotrophic orchid that lacks both leaves and roots, belonging to the genus in the subtribe Calypsoinae. In this study, we assembled and annotated its mitochondrial genome (397,867 bp, GC content: 42.70%), identifying 55 genes, including 37 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 16 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs, and conducted analyses of relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU), repeat sequences, horizontal gene transfers (HGTs), and gene selective pressure (dN/dS).

Improving Geldanamycin Production in Through UV Mutagenesis of Protoplast.

Geldanamycin, a benzoquinone ansa antibiotic, has been extensively applied in medical, agricultural, and health research areas due to its antitumor, antifungal, herbicidal, and antiradiation effects. In this study, an improvement of geldanamycin production by FIM18-0592 was first performed by protoplasts combined with UV mutagenesis and ribosome engineering technology, respectively. The results showed that strains induced by UV mutagenesis of protoplasts were superior to protoplasts treated with erythromycin in terms of the positive variability, average relative titer, and maximum relative titer, with values of 51.

Advances in the Structure, Function, and Regulatory Mechanism of Plant Plasma Membrane Intrinsic Proteins.

Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), as members of the aquaporin (AQPs) family, can transport not only water but also urea, CO, HO, metal ions, and trace elements. They are crucial for maintaining water balance, substance transport, and responding to various stresses. This article delves into the structure, function, response mechanism, molecular mechanism, and regulatory mechanism of PIPs as a result of biological and abiotic stresses.

Occurrence and Multi-Locus Genotyping of in Black Goats from Fujian Province, China.

is a zoonotic parasite that causes gastrointestinal diseases in both humans and animals. To evaluate the prevalence and genetic diversity of in black goats, we collected 539 fecal samples from nine districts in Fujian Province, China. The presence of was confirmed through nested PCR targeting the SSU rRNA gene, and genotyping was performed at the beta-giardin, glutamate dehydrogenase, and triosephosphate isomerase loci.