Investigation of Mechanical Properties and Oil Resistance of Hydrogenated-Butadiene-Acrylonitrile-Rubber-Based Composites Across Various Temperatures.

The influence of molecular structure (acrylonitrile content) and formulation (carbon black and plasticizer dosage) on the rheological and mechanical properties of HNBR composites was systematically studied, with further discussion on ozone resistance and swelling behavior in transformer oil. The results demonstrated that the curing characteristics and rheological behavior of HNBR composites are closely linked to acrylonitrile content, carbon black, and plasticizer levels. Plasticizers significantly reduced the degree of crosslinking and the Payne effect, while fillers had the opposite impact.

Application of deep reinforcement learning in electricity demand response market: Demand response decision-making of load aggregator.

With the large-scale integration of renewable energy generation, developing the potential of demand response is becoming more and more significant. However, the number of consumers is huge, the electricity consumption behaviors are various and the information of consumers is incomplete, thus there are great difficulties in modeling and processing demand response by the conventional mathematical methods. Therefore, how to accurately predict the response behaviors of consumers and select the appropriate consumers for demand response is worthy of in-depth discussion.

Correlating Personality Traits With Acute Stress Responses in Earthquake Simulations: An HRV and RESP Analysis.

Earthquakes, as significant natural disasters, still cannot be accurately predicted today. Although current earthquake early warning systems can provide alerts several seconds in advance, acute stress responses (ASR) in emergency situations can waste these precious escape seconds. To investigate the correlation between personality and ASR, this study collected the temperament and character of all participants using the Chen Huichang-60 Temperament Scale and the DISC Personality Inventory.

Label refinement network from synthetic error augmentation for medical image segmentation.

Deep convolutional neural networks for image segmentation do not learn the label structure explicitly and may produce segmentations with an incorrect structure, e.g., with disconnected cylindrical structures in the segmentation of tree-like structures such as airways or blood vessels.

Continuous batch synthesis with atmospheric-pressure microwave plasmas.

Plasmas under atmospheric pressure offer a high-temperature environment for material synthesis, but electrode ablation compromises purity. Here, we introduce an atmospheric-pressure microwave plasma (AMP) operated without electrodes to overcome the existing limitations in pure material synthesis. The distribution of the electrostatic field intensity inside a waveguide during AMP excitation was examined via electrostatic field simulations.

Lightning Current Measurement Method Using Rogowski Coil Based on Integral Circuit with Low-Frequency Attenuation Feedback.

A lightning current measurement method using a Rogowski coil based on an integral circuit with low-frequency attenuation feedback was proposed to address the issue of low-frequency distortion in the measurement of lightning currents on transmission lines using Rogowski coils. Firstly, the causes of low-frequency distortion in lightning current measurements using Rogowski coils were analyzed from the perspective of frequency domains. On this basis, an integration correction optimization circuit with a low-frequency attenuation feedback network was designed to correct the low-frequency distortion.

Responsive Microgels through RAFT-HDA Dynamic Covalent Bonding Chemistry.

This paper developed a method for preparing ultrasound-responsive microgels based on reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer-hetero Diels-Alder (RAFT-HAD) dynamic covalent bonding. First, a styrene cross-linked network was successfully prepared by a Diels-Alder (DA) reaction between phosphoryl dithioester and furan using double-ended diethoxyphosphoryl dithiocarbonate (BDEPDF) for RAFT reagent-mediated styrene (St) polymerization, with a double-ended dienophile linker and copolymer of furfuryl methacrylate (FMA) and St as the dienophile. Subsequently, the microgel system was constructed by the HDA reaction between phosphoryl disulfide and furan groups using the copolymer of polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether acrylate (OEGMA) and FMA as the dienophore building block and hydrophilic segment and the polystyrene pro-dienophile linker as the cross-linker and hydrophobic segment.

Data-driven assisted real-time optimal control strategy of submerged arc furnace via intelligent energy terminals considering large-scale renewable energy utilization.

This study presents a data-driven assisted real-time optimization model which is an innovative approach to address the challenges posed by integrating Submerged Arc Furnace (SAF) systems with renewable energy sources, specifically photovoltaic (PV) and wind power, with modern intelligent energy terminals. Specifically, the proposed method is divided into two stages. The first stage is related to data-driven prediction for addressing local time-varying renewable energy and electricity market prices with predicted information, and the second stage uses an optimization model for real-time SAF dispatch.

Key function of Kouleothrix in stable formation of filamentous aerobic granular sludge at low superficial gas velocity with polymeric substrates.

Forming and maintaining stable aerobic granular sludge (AGS) at a low superficial gas velocity (SGV) is challenging, particularly with polymeric substrates. This study cultivated filamentous aerobic granular sludge (FAGS) with filamentous Kouleothrix (Type 1851) at low SGV (0.15 cm/s) utilizing mixed acetate-soluble starch.

Multimedia Mercury Recovery from Coal-Fired Power Plants Utilizing N-Containing Conjugated Polymer Functionalized Fly Ash.

To recover multimedia mercury from coal-fired power plants, a novel N-containing conjugated polymer (polyaniline and polypyrrole) functionalized fly ash was prepared, which could continuously adsorb 99.2% of gaseous Hg at a high space velocity of 368,500 h and nearly 100% of aqueous Hg in the solution pH range of 2-12. The adsorption capacities of Hg and Hg reach 1.

A lightweight path consistency verification based on INT in SDN.

The existing path consistency verification solutions in software-defined networking (SDN) were implemented by proactive injecting large number of probing packets or by embedding linear-scale tags as the path lengthens, which incurred significant bandwidth and communication overhead. A lightweight path consistency validation mechanism based on in-band network telemetry (INT) in SDN is proposed. Based on INT, in the scheme, the ingress switch inserts a telemetry instruction header with probability, each subsequent switch updates the telemetry data using a uniform sampling algorithm and only carries partial path information in INT packet to keep the head space size constant, the egress switch reports the final sampled telemetry data to the controller to verify the path compliance according to aggregated telemetry data.

State Evaluation of Self-Powered Wireless Sensors Based on a Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Model.

The energy harvesters used in self-powered wireless sensing technology, which has the potential to completely solve the power supply problem of the sensing nodes from the source, usually require mechanical movement or operate in harsh environments, resulting in a significant reduction in device lifespan and reliability. Therefore, the influencing factors and failure mechanisms of the operating status of self-powered wireless sensors were analyzed, and an innovative evaluation index system was proposed, which includes 4 primary indexes and 13 secondary indexes, including energy harvesters, energy management circuits, wireless communication units, and sensors. Next, the weights obtained from the subjective analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and objective CRITIC weight method were fused to obtain the weights of each index.

Comprehensive energy efficiency optimization algorithm for steel load considering network reconstruction and demand response.

Industrial loads are usually energy intensive and inefficient. The optimization of energy efficiency management in steel plants is still in the early stage of development. Considering the topology of power grid, it is an urgent problem to improve the operation economy and load side energy efficiency of steel plants.

YOLO-SS-Large: A Lightweight and High-Performance Model for Defect Detection in Substations.

With the development of deep fusion intelligent control technology and the application of low-carbon energy, the number of renewable energy sources connected to the distribution grid has been increasing year by year, gradually replacing traditional distribution grids with active distribution grids. In addition, as an important component of the distribution grid, substations have a complex internal environment and numerous devices. The problems of untimely defect detection and slow response during intelligent inspections are particularly prominent, posing risks and challenges to the safe and stable operation of active distribution grids.

Influence of Surface Discharge on Resin Degradation in Decay-like Fracture of Composite Insulators.

Composite insulators have gradually become the preferred approach for electrical insulation in power systems, especially in polluted areas. Composite insulators consist of three main components: the shed, rod, and end fitting. Insulators withstand mechanical stresses via rods that are composed of glass-fiber-reinforced epoxy (GFRE).

[Research Progress on CO Capture, Utilization, and Storage of Fly Ash].

The research progress of different technologies of fly ash for CO capture, utilization, and storage at home and abroad was summarized, and the research opportunities were discussed. Fly ash could mineralize, capture, and store CO through direct dry, semi dry, wet, and indirect methods, reducing the leaching of heavy metals in fly ash while mineralizing CO. The mineralized fly ash was more suitable for making concrete additives because it could effectively reduce the content of free CaO and MgO.

A Remote Calibration Device Using Edge Intelligence.

Power system facility calibration is a compulsory task that requires in-site operations. In this work, we propose a remote calibration device that incorporates edge intelligence so that the required calibration can be accomplished with little human intervention. Our device entails a wireless serial port module, a Bluetooth module, a video acquisition module, a text recognition module, and a message transmission module.

Particle trajectories and its charging behaviors: effect of gas type and electric field.

Conductive particles in the gas insulated transmission lines (GIL) induce the breakdown between electrodes or the flashover along insulators. To solve the problem of particle moving and realize the particle-moving regulation, particle trajectories should firstly be determined in air and SF. This paper presents the results of particle trajectories and its charging behaviors at vacuum and SF6, respectively.

Decomposition Characteristics of SF under Flashover Discharge on the Epoxy Resin Surface.

In this paper, the flashover discharging experiment was carried out on epoxy resin surface in an SF atmosphere under pin-plate electrodes, with the electrodes distance from 5 mm to 9 mm. The concentration of seven characteristic gases was detected, indicating that the concentration of SOF and CF was the two highest, followed by SO, CO, SOF, CS, and HS. Based on the changes in the concentration of the characteristic gases, a preliminary rule was proposed to predict the occurrence of flashover discharge on epoxy resin: When the concentration of SOF reaches twice of CF concentration, and the total concentration of both SOF and CF is much higher than that of HS, a possible flashover discharge on the epoxy resin surface in SF-infused electrical equipment occurs.

Deformation Monitoring of Earth Fissure Hazards Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning.

Deformation monitoring is a powerful tool to understand the formation mechanism of earth fissure hazards, enabling the engineering and planning efforts to be more effective. To assess the evolution characteristics of the Yangshuli earth fissure hazard more completely, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), a remote sensing technique which is regarded as one of the most promising surveying technologies in geohazard monitoring, was employed to detect the changes to ground surfaces and buildings in small- and large-scales, respectively. Time-series of high-density point clouds were collected through 5 sequential scans from 2014 to 2017 and then pre-processing was performed to filter the noise data of point clouds.

Thermal Decomposition Properties of Epoxy Resin in SF₆/N₂ Mixture.

As a promising alternative for pure SF₆, the mixture of SF₆/N₂ appears to be more economic and environment-friendly on the premise of maintaining similar dielectric properties with pure SF₆. But less attention has been paid to the thermal properties of an SF₆/N₂ mixture, especially with insulation materials overheating happening simultaneously. In this paper, thermal decomposition properties of epoxy resin in SF₆/N₂ mixture with different SF₆ volume rates were studied, and the concentrations of characteristic decomposition components were detected based on concentrations change of some characteristic gas components such as CO₂, SO₂, H₂S, SOF₂, and CF₄.

Effect analysis of quantum chemical descriptors and substituent characteristics on Henry's law constants of polybrominated diphenyl ethers at different temperatures.

Twelve substituent descriptors, 17 quantum chemical descriptors and 1/T were selected to establish a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model of Henry's law constants for 7 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) at five different temperatures. Then, the lgH of 202 congeners at different temperatures were predicted. The variation rule and regulating mechanism of lgH was studied from the perspectives of both quantum chemical descriptors and substituent characteristics.

Effects analysis of substituent characteristics and solvents on the photodegradation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers.

The ultraviolet spectra and electron transition information of 209 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in gas were first calculated via time-dependent density functional theory using Gaussian 09 software. The main and second-order interactional effects of substituent characteristics on the photodegradation of PBDEs were then analysed using a full factorial experimental design. Solvent effects were considered to research the effect and promotion mechanism of solvent molecules on the photodegradation of PBDEs compared with that in gas.