Applying Kurtosis as an Indirect Metric of Noise Temporal Structure in the Assessment of Hearing Loss Associated With Occupational Complex Noise Exposure.

Objective: The association of occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) with noise energy was well documented, but the relationship between occupational noise and noise temporal structure is rarely reported. The objective of this study was to investigate the principal characteristics of the relationship between occupational NIHL and the temporal structure of noise.

Methods: Audiometric and shift-long noise exposure data were collected from 3102 Chinese manufacturing workers from six typical industries through a cross-sectional survey.

Time Series Analysis and Forecasting of the Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease Morbidity in China Using An Advanced Exponential Smoothing State Space TBATS Model.

Objective: The high morbidity, complex seasonality, and recurring risk of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) exert a major burden in China. Forecasting its epidemic trends is greatly instrumental in informing vaccine and targeted interventions. This study sets out to investigate the usefulness of an advanced exponential smoothing state space framework by combining Box-Cox transformations, Fourier representations with time-varying coefficients and autoregressive moving average (ARMA) error correction (TBATS) method to assess the temporal trends of HFMD in China.

Guidance for Health Care Leaders During the Recovery Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Consensus Statement.

Importance: The COVID-19 pandemic is the greatest global test of health leadership of our generation. There is an urgent need to provide guidance for leaders at all levels during the unprecedented preresolution recovery stage.

Objective: To create an evidence- and expertise-informed framework of leadership imperatives to serve as a resource to guide health and public health leaders during the postemergency stage of the pandemic.

Forecasting the Tuberculosis Incidence Using a Novel Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition-Based Data-Driven Hybrid Model in Tibet, China.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop a novel data-driven hybrid model by fusing ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA), with nonlinear autoregressive artificial neural network (NARNN), called EEMD-ARIMA-NARNN model, to assess and forecast the epidemic patterns of TB in Tibet.

Methods: The TB incidence from January 2006 to December 2017 was obtained, and then the time series was partitioned into training subsamples (from January 2006 to December 2016) and testing subsamples (from January to December 2017). Among them, the training set was used to develop the EEMD-SARIMA-NARNN combined model, whereas the testing set was used to validate the forecasting performance of the model.

More green, less lonely? A longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Urban greening may reduce loneliness by offering opportunities for solace, social reconnection and supporting processes such as stress relief. We (i) assessed associations between residential green space and cumulative incidence of, and relief from, loneliness over 4 years; and (ii) explored contingencies by age, sex, disability and cohabitation status.

Methods: Multilevel logistic regressions of change in loneliness status in 8049 city-dwellers between 2013 (baseline) and 2017 (follow-up) in the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia study.

[Burden of nutritional deficiencies of children under 5 years old in China, 1990-2015].

Objective: To quantify and describe the distribution and trends of burden of nutritional deficiencies among children under 5 years old in China from 1990 to 2015.

Methods: Subnational data of China on children under 5 years old in 33 provinces and autonomous regions, which including 31 mainland regions, Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions, were extracted from the result of Global Burden of Disease Study 2015(GBD 2015). Based on the method of descriptive epidemiology, we analyzed the prevalence, mortality as well as disability adjusted life year(DALY) rate of nutritional deficiencies among children under 5 years old by sex, time and locations in China, as well as its temporal trend since 1990.

Homeostatic regulation of T follicular helper and antibody response to particle antigens by IL-1Ra of medullary sinus macrophage origin.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines are composed of surface antigen HBsAg that spontaneously assembles into subviral particles. Factors that impede its humoral immunity in 5% to 10% of vaccinees remain elusive. Here, we showed that the low-level interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) can predict antibody protection both in mice and humans.

Chinese mothers' intent to disclose the HIV status to their children: the role of outcome expectations and self-efficacy.

The present study examined the association between outcome expectations, self-efficacy, and intention to disclose HIV status to children among HIV-positive women in China, and the moderating and mediating role of self-efficacy on the association between outcome expectations and intention to disclose. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 179 HIV-positive mothers who had at least one living child aged >5 years and had not yet disclosed their HIV status to her oldest child. Results from hierarchical regressions revealed that after adjusting for socio-demographic and medical variables, negative outcome expectations had a negative association ( = -0.

Molecular characteristics of the H9N2 avian influenza viruses in live poultry markets in Anhui Province, China, 2013 to 2018.

Background And Aims: H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) has low-pathogenicity but causes respiratory symptoms and drop in egg production in chicken with long-term virus shedding, resulting in great economic losses due to high mortality related to secondary infection with other pathogens. In recent years, H9N2 viruses have been posing a threat to public health, causing human infection in China. Compared to studies on other AIV subtypes, there are relatively few studies on the pathogenic mechanism of the H9N2 virus in mammals.

Assessing the changes in childbirth care practices and neonatal outcomes in Western China: pre-comparison and post-comparison study on early essential newborn care interventions.

Objective: To explore the changes in childbirth care practices and health outcomes of newborns after the introduction of early essential newborn care (EENC).

Design: A pre-comparison and post-comparison study.

Setting: The study was conducted in December 2016 and December 2018 in 18 counties in four western provinces of China.

Dual-Antigen-Loaded Hepatitis B Virus Core Antigen Virus-like Particles Stimulate Efficient Immunotherapy Against Melanoma.

Tumor cells are rich in antigens, which provide a reliable antigen library for the design of personalized vaccines. However, an effective tumor vaccine vector that can efficiently deliver antigens to lymphoid organs to stimulate strong CD8 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte immune response is still lacking. Here we designed a dual-antigen delivery system based on hepatitis B virus core antigen virus-like particles (HBc VLPs).

Immune restoration in HIV-1-infected patients after 12 years of antiretroviral therapy: a real-world observational study.

Using normalization of CD4 counts as the main evaluation parameter of complete immune restoration for HIV-1 patients under antiretroviral therapy (ART) might be not enough. A comprehensive evaluation system more accurately reflecting immune restoration are urgently needed. Totally, 91,805 HIV-1 patients from 17 tertiary hospitals in China during 2005-2018 were included in this study.

Onset of Coronary Heart Disease is Associated with HCMV Infection and Increased CD14 CD16 Monocytes in a Population of Weifang, China.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection and peripheral blood CD14 CD16 monocytes in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (CHD), and to elucidate the mechanism of pathogenesis in CHD by analyzing the correlation between infection, inflammation, and CHD, to provide a basis for the prevention, evaluation, and treatment of the disease.

Methods: In total, 192 patients with CHD were divided into three groups: latent CHD, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction. HCMV-IgM and -IgG antibodies were assessed using ELISA; CD14 CD16 monocytes were counted using a five-type automated hematology analyzer; mononuclear cells were assessed using fluorescence-activated cell sorting; and an automatic biochemical analyzer was used to measure the levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterols, lipoprotein, hs-CRp and Hcy.

Enhancing gonorrhea surveillance in China by testing females in gynecology clinics: Lessons learned from a pilot survey.

Objectives: China has a high burden of gonorrhea, but an imbalanced male-to-female (M/F) ratio of reported cases. Therefore, the prevalence of gonorrhea in China may be underestimated due to inadequate testing of potentially infected females. The objective of this study is to investigate the cause of this imbalanced M/F ratio and develop strategies to enhance gonorrhea surveillance, particularly among females.

Ear mold for congenital ear malformation: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Congenital auricular deformities (CAD) are prevalent worldwide. The objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness and safety of ear molding for children with CAD at their early days.

Methods: One hundred and nighty children (under 3 days) with CAD will be included in the study.

Improving the coverage and accuracy of syphilis testing: The development of a novel rapid, point-of-care test for confirmatory testing of active syphilis infection and its early evaluation in China and South Africa.

Background: Current point-of-care tests (POCT) for syphilis, based on the detection of (TP) total antibodies, have limited capacity in distinguishing between active and past/treated syphilis. We report the development and early evaluation of a new prototype POCT based on the detection of TP-IgA antibodies, a novel biomarker for active syphilis.

Methods: The TP-IgA POCT (index test) was developed in response to the World Health Organisation (WHO) target product profile (TPP) for a POCT for confirmatory syphilis testing.

Sustained transmission of the ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae FC428 clone in China.

Background: Ceftriaxone resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae has become an imminent threat to effective control of gonorrhoea globally. In recent years, the ceftriaxone-resistant FC428 clone has shown international dissemination. After our first report of the FC428 clone in China in 2016, we now describe another six cases of FC428-related ceftriaxone-resistant N.

Molecular Characteristics of Collected From Humans in Hainan, China.

Melioidosis is a common infectious disease in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. In Hainan, several cases have been reported, but no systematic study has yet been done on the molecular epidemiology profiles of the organism. An investigation of the molecular epidemiology links and population structure of would help to better understand the clonally of the isolates and differences among them.

Impact of the gonococcal FC428 allele 60.001 on ceftriaxone resistance and biological fitness.

Global dissemination of the ceftriaxone-resistant FC428 clone jeopardizes the currently recommended ceftriaxone-based first-line therapies. Ceftriaxone resistance in the FC428 clone has been associated with the presence of its mosaic allele 60.001.

[Current situation of initial female fertility evaluation in assisted reproductive institutions in China in 2019].

The evaluation of female fertility at first diagnosis is an important premise and basis for determining the treatment scheme of assisted reproduction. In this study, a survey was conducted among 13 assisted reproductive institutions in China to understand the evaluation indicators and detection methods of female fertility at first diagnosis in various institutions, and provide a basis for reasonable selection of indicators. The survey showed that the indicators of female fertility evaluation at first diagnosis among assisted reproductive institutions included general health indicators, ovarian reserve indicators, and uterine conditions, etc.

[Application of "Internet +" technology in maternal and child health management and service of district at provincial level].

A survey was conducted on the application status of "Internet plus" technology in maternal and child health management in 31 provincial maternal and child health care institutions through the national comprehensive information platform for maternal and child health. 19 provincial institutions had realized one or more maternal and child health management and service functions under their jurisdiction through the regional health information platform, accounting for 61%. Among thirteen functions of management and service achieved in the regional health information platform, the top four were maternal system management (39%), high-risk maternal management (29%), high-risk newborn management (26%) and children system management (26%).

[The status of menopause outpatient clinics in maternal and children health institutions and general hospitals in 11 provinces of China].

To understand the status of menopause outpatient clinics in maternal and children health (MCH) institutions and general hospitals. A total of 314 health administrative departments, MCH health institutions and general hospitals in 11 provinces of China were enrolled by using multi-stage random sampling method. A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate the development of normative documents for menopausal health work, and the establishment, services, health resources, system and information management of menopause outpatient clinics.

Author Correction: A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Investment Case for a Comprehensive Package of Interventions Against Hepatitis B in China: Applied Modeling to Help National Strategy Planning.

Background: In 2016, the first global viral hepatitis elimination targets were endorsed. An estimated one-third of the world's population of individuals with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection live in China and liver cancer is the sixth leading cause of mortality, but coverage of first-line antiviral treatment was low. In 2015, China was one of the first countries to initiate a consultative process for a renewed approach to viral hepatitis.