Machine learning helps reveal key factors affecting tire wear particulate matter emissions.

Tire wear particles (TWPs) are generated with every rotation of the tire. However, obtaining TWPs under real driving conditions and revealing key factors affecting TWPs are challenging. In this study, we obtained a TWPs dataset by simulating tire wear process under real driving conditions using a tire wear simulator and custom-designed test conditions.

Regenerative braking system effectively reduces the formation of brake wear particles.

Brake wear particles (BWPs) are considered one of the most significant non-exhaust particle emission sources from motor vehicles. Previous studies have primarily focused on BWPs from conventional fuel vehicles (CFVs), with limited research available on BWPs from new energy vehicles (NEVs). We developed an independent BWP emission testing system applicable to NEVs and conducted BWP emission tests on representative NEVs and CFVs under various testing cycles via a chassis dynamometer.

Chemical characteristics of fine tire wear particles generated on a tire simulator.

Tire wear is one of the major sources of traffic-related particle emissions, however, laboratory data on the components of tire wear particles (TWPs) is scarce. In this study, ten brands of tires, including two types and four-speed grades, were chosen for wear tests using a tire simulator in a closed chamber. The chemical components of PM were characterized in detail, including inorganic elements, water-soluble ions (WSIs), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

Study on Impact Mechanical Properties of Reentrant Bionic Automotive Energy Absorbing Box.

In order to impprove the protective effect of the automotive energy absorption (EA) box, the design of the reentrant bioinspired EA box is proposed, that is, novel bioinspired structures are inserted into the original EA box to improve the EA effect of the box. The improved bionic structures with curvature are designed according to the spider web: honeycomb structure (HS), arc-honeycomb structure (AHS), negative Poisson structure (PS), and arc negative Poisson structure (APS). A new bionic automobile energy absorbing box is constructed by combining with automobile energy absorbing box.

State of charge estimation of ultracapacitor based on forgetting factor recursive least square and extended Kalman filter algorithm at full temperature range.

State of charge (SOC) of ultracapacitor plays an important role in the energy management optimization of hybrid energy storage system for electric vehicles. In addition to the perfection of the model and the SOC estimation algorithm, the parameter identification method and temperature factor should also be considered. In this paper, an ultracapacitor test platform is established, the characteristic parameters of ultracapacitor at full temperature range are obtained.

A fuel-consumption based window method for PEMS NOx emission calculation of heavy-duty diesel vehicles: Method description and case demonstration.

Due to the lack of engine reference torque and the accumulated work of reference transient cycle, the work based window (WBW) method for portable emission measurement system test data processing cannot be used for vehicle emission assessment in the current on-board diagnostics (OBD) system in China. In this work, a fuel-consumption based window (FBW) method was proposed to imitate a WBW method procedure by using fuel consumption rate as an alternative parameter to scale the window so the entire procedure can be based on the attainable data items in the OBD system. Some key issues regarding converting WBW method to FBW method, including window separation, window average power ratio calculation and specific NOx emission conversion from mg/kg.

Zinc and phosphorus poisoning tolerance of Cu-SSZ-13 and Ce-Cu-SSZ-13 in the catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides.

SSZ-13 has been commercialized as a catalyst in diesel engines for the selectivity catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO) with ammonia (NH-SCR), but the catalyst is facing the problem of poisoning. Herein, two well-designed catalysts, Cu-SSZ-13 and cerium (Ce) doped Cu-SSZ-13 are synthesized, and their tolerance to zinc (Zn) and phosphorus (P) poisoning alone and together are explored in detail. The research found that Zn and P poisoning alone leads to the destruction of Cu-SSZ-13 structure, resulting in the decline of denitration (de-NO) performance following the mechanism dominated by Eley-Rideal (E-R).

Determining factors and parameterization of brake wear particle emission.

Brake wear emission contributes to an increasingly significant proportion of vehicle-related particulate matter, but knowledge of its emission features and determining factors is still highly insufficient. Here, brake dynamometer experiments were conducted under controlled variables tests and real-world driving conditions to systematically investigate brake wear particle (BWP) emission. Compared to the decelerating process, the separating of pads and disc releases more BWPs, accounting for 47-76% of the total PM mass.

Predicting the emission characteristics of VOCs in a simulated vehicle cabin environment based on small-scale chamber tests: Parameter determination and validation.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from vehicle parts and interior materials can seriously affect in-cabin air quality. Prior studies mainly focused on indoor material emissions, while studies of emissions in-cabins were relatively scarce. The emission behaviors of VOCs from vehicle cabin materials can be characterized by three key emission parameters: the initial emittable concentration (C), diffusion coefficient (D), and partition coefficient (K).