Using a visual attentional task and eye-tracking to investigate the effects of pre-takeover resource engagement on attention restoration in conditionally automated driving.

Objective: Attention forms the foundation for the formation of situation awareness. Low situation awareness can lead to driving performance decline, which can be dangerous in driving. The goal of this study is to investigate how different types of pre-takeover tasks, involving cognitive, visual and physical resources engagement, as well as individual attentional function, affect driver's attention restoration in conditionally automated driving.

Family history and breast cancer risk for Asian women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Studies of women of European ancestry have shown that the average familial relative risk for first-degree relatives of women with breast cancer is approximately twofold, but little is known for Asian women. We aimed to provide evidence for the association between family history and breast cancer risk for Asian women by systematically reviewing published literature.

Methods: Studies reporting the familial relative risk of breast cancer for Asian women were searched in three online databases and complemented by a manual search.

A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study on hemodynamic changes of patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness responding to different auditory stimuli.

Treating prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDoC) is challenging. Thus, accurate assessment of residual consciousness in patients with pDoC is important for the management and recovery of patients. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can be used to detect brain activity through changes of oxygenated hemoglobin/deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbO/HbR) concentrations changes and has recently gained increasing attention for its potential applications in assessing residual consciousness.

[An overview on sleep research based on functional near infrared spectroscopy].

Sleep is a complex physiological process of great significance to physical and mental health, and its research scope involves multiple disciplines. At present, the quantitative analysis of sleep mainly relies on the "gold standard" of polysomnography (PSG). However, PSG has great interference to the human body and cannot reflect the hemodynamic status of the brain.

Cross-Task Consistency of Electroencephalography-Based Mental Workload Indicators: Comparisons Between Power Spectral Density and Task-Irrelevant Auditory Event-Related Potentials.

Mental workload (MWL) estimators based on ongoing electroencephalography (EEG) and event-related potentials (ERPs) have shown great potentials to build adaptive aiding systems for human-machine systems by estimating MWL in real time. However, extracting EEG features which are consistent in indicating MWL across different tasks is still one of the critical challenges. This study attempts to compare the cross-task consistency in indexing MWL variations between two commonly used EEG-based MWL indicators, power spectral density (PSD) of ongoing EEG and task-irrelevant auditory ERPs (tir-aERPs).

[Research on enhancement of mental rotation ability based on transcranial direct current stimulation].

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive low-current brain stimulation technique, which is mainly based on the different polarity of electrode stimulation to make the activation threshold of neurons different, thereby regulating the excitability of the cerebral cortex. In this paper, healthy subjects were randomly divided into three groups: anodal stimulation group, cathodal stimulation group and sham stimulation group, with 5 subjects in each group. Then, the performance data of the three groups of subjects were recorded before and after stimulation to test their mental rotation ability, and resting state and task state electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected.

[Review of cognitive enhancement techniques based on the combination of cognitive training and transcranial direct current stimulation].

Cognitive enhancement refers to the technology of enhancing or expanding the cognitive and emotional abilities of people without psychosis based on relevant knowledge of neurobiology. The common methods of cognitive enhancement include transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and cognitive training (CT). tDCS takes effect quickly, with a short effective time, while CT takes longer to work, requiring several weeks of training, with a longer effective time.

Total Sleep Deprivation Impairs Lateralization of Spatial Working Memory in Young Men.

Total sleep deprivation (TSD) negatively affects cognitive function. Previous research has focused on individual variation in cognitive function following TSD, but we know less about how TSD influences the lateralization of spatial working memory. This study used event-related-potential techniques to explore asymmetry in spatial-working-memory impairment.

Simulated spatial radiation impacts learning and memory ability with alterations of neuromorphology and gut microbiota in mice.

Complex space environments, including microgravity and radiation, affect the body's central nervous system, endocrine system, circulatory system, and reproductive system. Radiation-induced aberration in the neuronal integrity and cognitive functions are particularly well known. Moreover, ionizing radiation is a likely contributor to alterations in the microbiome.

Effect of Red Arch-Support Insoles on Subjective Comfort and Movement Biomechanics in Various Landing Heights.

Red is perceived as a "winning color", which may influence actual and perceived performances in sports, but little effort has been done to assess the added value on colored foot insoles in basketball movements. This study examined if colored foot insole would influence perceived comfort and lower extremity biomechanics during drop landing. Nineteen male basketball players performed drop landing trials with different insoles (red arch-support, white arch-support, and white-flat) and landing heights (0.

A novel polysaccharide isolated from Ulva Pertusa: Structure and physicochemical property.

A new water-soluble polysaccharide UPP was obtained from Ulva Pertusa and its structure was studied. The structural analysis results showed that UPP was composed of eight residues. The bone structure of UPP was →4)-β-D-Xylp-(1→4)-α-L-Rhap3S(1→3,4)-β-L-Arap(1→3)-α-L-Rhap(1→2,4)-α-L-Rhap(1→4)-α-D-Galp(1→ and there were two main branches.

Protective effects of Ulva pertusa polysaccharide and polysaccharide‑iron (III) complex on cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppression in mice.

A water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from marine green algae Ulva pertusa and then chelated with iron to prepare the polysaccharide‑iron (III) complex. The immunomodulatory activities of sulfated polysaccharide and polysaccharide‑iron (III) complex were investigated through a mice immune-deficiency model. Cyclophosphamide (Cy) was utilized to establish mice immunodeficiency model.

Acanthopanax senticosus reduces brain injury in mice exposed to low linear energy transfer radiation.

Background: Compared with pharmaceuticals, natural medicines are gaining acceptance as countermeasures against radiation injury because of their distinct characteristics, specifically low toxicity and multi-target effects.

Methods: The ability of a traditional Chinese medicine, Acanthopanax senticosus (AS), to reduce radiation injury following exposure of the heads of mice to 4?Gy low-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation was assessed histologically, behaviorally and metabolically''.

Results: Irradiated mice administered AS extract showed improved learning ability and central nervous system (CNS) function.

Effects of Acanthopanax senticosus on Brain Injury Induced by Simulated Spatial Radiation in Mouse Model Based on Pharmacokinetics and Comparative Proteomics.

The active compounds in (AS) have different pharmacokinetic characteristics in mouse models. C and AUC of (ASPS) were significantly reduced in radiation-injured mice, suggesting that the blood flow of mouse was blocked or slowed, due to the pathological state of ischemia and hypoxia, which are caused by radiation. In contrast, the ability of various metabolizing enzymes to inactivate, capacity of biofilm transport decrease, and lessening of renal blood flow accounts for radiation, resulting in the accumulation of syringin and eleutheroside E in the irradiated mouse.

EBP50 suppresses the proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells via promoting Beclin-1/p62-mediated lysosomal degradation of c-Myc.

c-Myc, a key activator of cell proliferation and angiogenesis, promotes the development and progression of breast cancer. Ezrin-radixin-moesin-binding phosphoprotein-50 (EBP50) is a multifunctional scaffold protein that suppresses the proliferation of breast cancer cells. In this study we investigated whether the cancer-suppressing effects of EBP50 resulted from its regulation of c-Myc signaling in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells in vitro and in vivo.

Effects of phenolic constituents of daylily flowers on corticosterone- and glutamate-treated PC12 cells.

Background: Daylily flowers, the flower and bud parts of Hemerocallis citrina or H. fulva, are well known as Wang-You-Cao in Chinese, meaning forget-one's sadness plant. However, the major types of active constituents responsible for the neurological effects remain unclear.

SphK1 inhibitor SKI II inhibits the proliferation of human hepatoma HepG2 cells via the Wnt5A/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Aim: Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) promotes cell growth, proliferation and survival. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), which converts sphingosine to S1P, is a key promoter in cancer. We previously found that the SphK1 inhibitor II (SKI II), suppresses the cell growth and induces apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells.

Development and application of an UHPLC-MS method for comparative pharmacokinetic study of phenolic components from dragon's blood in rats under simulated microgravity environment.

Dragon's blood is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine shown to have protective effects in simulated microgravity in rats and mice. The current study aimed to develop an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) method for simultaneous determination of four phenolic components from the herb: loureirin A, loureirin C, 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone and pterostilbene in rats, and use the method for comparative study on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and excretion of these components in rats after oral dosage of dragon's blood under simulated microgravity environments. The results showed the developed UHPLC-MS method was sensitive and rapid.

Towards an effective cross-task mental workload recognition model using electroencephalography based on feature selection and support vector machine regression.

Electroencephalographic (EEG) has been believed to be a potential psychophysiological measure of mental workload. There however remain a number of challenges in building a generalized mental workload recognition model, one of which includes the inability of an EEG-based workload classifier trained on a specific task to handle other tasks. The primary goal of the present study was to examine the possibility of addressing this challenge using feature selection and regression model.

Effect of Simulated Microgravity on Human Brain Gray Matter and White Matter--Evidence from MRI.

Background: There is limited and inconclusive evidence that space environment, especially microgravity condition, may affect microstructure of human brain. This experiment hypothesized that there would be modifications in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) of the brain due to microgravity.

Method: Eighteen male volunteers were recruited and fourteen volunteers underwent -6° head-down bed rest (HDBR) for 30 days simulated microgravity.

Alterations in the heart rate and activity rhythms of three orbital astronauts on a space mission.

Environmental factors in space are dramatically different from those on Earth. The spaceflight environment has been known to influence human physiology and behavior on orbital missions. In this study, we investigated alterations in the diurnal rhythms of activity and heart rate of three Chinese astronauts on a space mission.

UPLC-MS method for quantification of pterostilbene and its application to comparative study of bioavailability and tissue distribution in normal and Lewis lung carcinoma bearing mice.

A UPLC-MS method was developed for determination of pterostilbene (PTS) in plasma and tissues of mice. PTS was separated on Agilent Zorbax XDB-C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.

Morphology and Molecular Mechanisms of Hepatic Injury in Rats under Simulated Weightlessness and the Protective Effects of Resistance Training.

This study investigated the effects of long-term simulated weightlessness on liver morphology, enzymes, glycogen, and apoptosis related proteins by using two-month rat-tail suspension model (TS), and liver injury improvement by rat-tail suspension with resistance training model (TS&RT). Microscopically the livers of TS rats showed massive granular degeneration, chronic inflammation, and portal fibrosis. Mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum swelling and loss of membrane integrity were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

UHPLC-MS method for determination of gambogic acid and application to bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, excretion and tissue distribution in rats.

A sensitive ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) method was developed for determination of gambogic acid (GA) in rat plasma, urine, bile and main tissues. GA was separated on an Agilent Zorbax XDB-C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.