Emergence of a novel highly pathogenic recombinant virus from three lineages of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 in China 2017.

A novel porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV2) was isolated from diseased piglets in Shandong, China in 2017 and denominated as SD17-38. ORF5 sequencing showed that SD17-38 contains a unique serine/asparagine deletion at position 33 and an asparagine insertion at position 60 of GP5, which has never been described. The SD17-38 complete genome was then determined, and genome-based phylogenetic analysis showed that SD17-38 is clustered with NADC30-like isolates.

Cross- immunity of a H9N2 live attenuated influenza vaccine against H5N2 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in chickens.

The most commonly utilized inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) are usually deficient in cross immunity against divergent viruses. On the other hand, live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) are proved to be more effective in cross-protective immunity. We previously developed a H9N2 LAIV and verified its effective protection against a broad spectrum of H9N2 strains.

Mechanism of Apoptosis Induction by Mycoplasmal Nuclease MGA_0676 in Chicken Embryo Fibroblasts.

MGA_0676 has been characterized as a nuclease that can induce apoptosis of chicken cells. However, the mechanism by which MGA_0676 induces apoptosis has remained unclear. In this study, we evaluated MGA_0676-induced apoptosis and internalization in immortalized chicken embryo fibroblasts (DF-1) and cancer cell lines.

The use of pyrosequencing for detection of hemagglutinin mutations associated with increased pathogenicity of H5N1 avian influenza viruses in mammals.

Hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage is critical for virulence of influenza viruses. The amino acid residue at the P6 position of the HA cleavage site (HACS) has been shown to be most variable and to have a direct correlation with the cleavage efficiency and pathogenicity of H5N1 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in mammals. Among these amino acid variants, serine has been associated with the highest virulence in mammals, and its detection may serve as an indicator for H5N1 AIVs with high pathogenicity and potential public risk.

Transcriptome analysis of gene expression profiling of infected macrophages between Brucella suis 1330 and live attenuated vaccine strain S2 displays mechanistic implication for regulation of virulence.

Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic epidemics worldwide. Vaccination against brucellosis is an important control strategy to prevent the disease in many high-prevalence regions. At present, Brucella vaccine strain S2 is the most widely used vaccine in China.

Investigation on pseudorabies prevalence in Chinese swine breeding farms in 2013-2016.

Pseudorabies (PR) has been prevalent in Chinese swine breeding farms since the outbreak at the end of 2011. For investigating current prevalence of PR, a nationwide surveillance has been performed in this study. The swine serum samples were collected from 93, 100, 92, and 91 swine farms in China during 2013-2016, respectively.

Ortholog-based screening and identification of genes related to intracellular survival.

Bioinformatics and comparative genomics analysis methods were used to predict unknown pathogen genes based on homology with identified or functionally clustered genes. In this study, the genes of common pathogens were analyzed to screen and identify genes associated with intracellular survival through sequence similarity, phylogenetic tree analysis and the λ-Red recombination system test method. The total 38,952 protein-coding genes of common pathogens were divided into 19,775 clusters.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus suppresses post-transcriptionally the protein expression of IFN-β by upregulating cellular microRNAs in porcine alveolar macrophages .

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been recognized to inhibit the response of type I interferon (IFN) both and . However, the post-transcriptional mechanism by which PRRSV suppresses type I IFN induction in virus-infected host cells remains unclear. The present study first demonstrated that PRRSV inhibited post-transcriptionally the protein induction of IFN-β in primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) during early infection, and the inhibition effect mediated by the Chinese highly pathogenic (HP)-PRRSV was stronger.

Circulating MicroRNAs As Potential Biomarkers for Veterinary Infectious Diseases.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a kind of small non-coding RNA molecules that could regulate multiple biological pathways at posttranscriptional level. Over 2,000 miRNAs have so far been discovered in humans, and many of them are found to be linked to various kinds of diseases. Thus, miRNAs are being considered as clinical diagnostic and therapeutic targets.

Genetic evolution of influenza H9N2 viruses isolated from various hosts in China from 1994 to 2013.

Influenza H9N2 subtype viruses and their reassortants (such as H7N9) are posing increasing threats to birds and humans in China. During 2009-2013, multiple novel subtype viruses with H9N2 original genes emerged in China. Yet, the genetic evolution of H9N2 viruses in various host organisms in China has not been systematically investigated since 2009.

Erratum to "Effect of High Dietary Tryptophan on Intestinal Morphology and Tight Junction Protein of Weaned Pig".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2016/2912418.].

Isolation and characterization of H4N6 avian influenza viruses from mallard ducks in Beijing, China.

The novel H7N9 influenza virus, which has caused severe disease in humans in China, is a reassortant with surface genes derived from influenza viruses in wild birds. This highlights the importance of monitoring influenza viruses in these hosts. However, surveillance of influenza virus in wild birds remains very limited in China.

Analysis of Genetic Variation of Two NADC30-like Strains of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in China.

Background: NADC30-like strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus first appeared in Chinese swine herds in 2012.

Objective And Method: To explore the possible genetic diversity of these strains, we sequenced and analyzed the complete genomes of two NADC30-like strains. These isolates shared 95.

Pig empire under infectious threat: risk of African swine fever introduction into the People's Republic of China.

Pig production and pork consumption are very important to the People's Republic of China for both economic and cultural reasons. The incursion and spread of a disease such as African swine fever (ASF), which emerged in Eastern Europe in 2007, could have devastating socioeconomic consequences for both the Chinese and the global pig industry. The Chinese government consequently attributes a very high priority to ASF and is actively seeking to improve its preparedness.

Methionine restriction on oxidative stress and immune response in dss-induced colitis mice.

A strong correlation exists between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and oxidative stress involving alterations of several key signaling pathways. It is known that methionine promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; we therefore hypothesize that a methionine restriction diet would reduce ROS production, inflammatory responses, and the course of IBD. We generated a murine colitis model by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment and tested the effects of the methionine restriction diet.

PA-X protein contributes to virulence of triple-reassortant H1N2 influenza virus by suppressing early immune responses in swine.

Previous studies have identified a functional role of PA-X for influenza viruses in mice and avian species; however, its role in swine remains unknown. Toward this, we constructed PA-X deficient virus (Sw-FS) in the background of a Triple-reassortment (TR) H1N2 swine influenza virus (SIV) to assess the impact of PA-X in viral virulence in pigs. Expression of PA-X in TR H1N2 SIV enhanced viral replication and host protein synthesis shutoff, and inhibited the mRNA levels of type I IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines in porcine cells.

Analysis of sulfonamides, tilmicosin and avermectins residues in typical animal matrices with multi-plug filtration cleanup by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detection.

The frequent use of various veterinary drugs could lead to residue bioaccumulation in animal tissues, which could cause dietary risks to human health. In order to quickly analyze the residues, a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for detecting Sulfonamides, Tilmicosin and Avermectins (AVMs) residues in animal samples. For sample preparation, modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) methods were used.

Dietary Cell Wall Extract Supplementation Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Modulates Serum Amino Acids Profiles in Weaned Piglets.

This research aims to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with cell wall extract (SCCWE) on growth performance, oxidative stress, intestinal morphology, and serum amino acid concentration in weaned piglets. Utilizing a completely randomized design, 40 healthy piglets weaned at 21 d were grouped into 4 experimental treatments with 10 pigs per treatment group. Treatments consisted of a basal diet (T0), a basal diet with a 0.

[Molecular subtyping and traceability analysis of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from chicken carcasses in slaughterhouses by FAFLP].

Objective: To implement molecular subtyping and traceability analysis of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from chicken carcasses in slaughterhouses in some provinces.

Methods: A total of 72 Campylobacter jejuni strains were subtyped by fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism with Hind Ⅲ and Hha Ⅰ. After electrophoresis results were analyzed with Gene Marker V1.

Emergence of a Novel Bluetongue Virus Serotype, China 2014.

One hundred and twenty-six blood samples were collected from healthy sheep and goats in Xinjiang, China, during July 2014. Seventy-three samples (57.93%) were bluetongue virus (BTV) serology-positive, and 39 samples (30.

Genome characterization of two NADC30-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses in China.

Background: The recent emergence of NADC30-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in vaccinated pigs arose more attentions for the high incidents of mutation and recombination of PRRSVs.

Findings: In this study, we determined full-length genome sequences of two NADC30-like PRRSV isolates from recent PRRSV outbreaks in China. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these two isolates were clustered in an independent branch together with NADC30, an American isolate in 2008.

Effect of High Dietary Tryptophan on Intestinal Morphology and Tight Junction Protein of Weaned Pig.

Tryptophan (Trp) plays an essential role in pig behavior and growth performances. However, little is known about Trp's effects on tight junction barrier and intestinal health in weaned pigs. In the present study, twenty-four (24) weaned pigs were randomly assigned to one of the three treatments with 8 piglets/treatments.

Multiplug filtration cleanup method with multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the analysis of malachite green, diethylstilbestrol residues, and their metabolites in aquatic products by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

The food safety supervision in aquatic products has raised public concern in recent years. In this study, a liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification and identification of four residues of the ever widely used analytes (including malachite green, leucomalachite green, diethylstilbestrol, and dienestrol) in aquaculture samples was developed. For sample preparation, a modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method was used, which was initially developed for pesticide residue analysis.

Complete Genome Sequence of an NADC30-Like Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Characterized by Recombination with Other Strains.

We report here the complete genome sequence of an NADC30-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), HNyc15, which was characterized by recombination with VR-2332 and CH-1a PRRSV strains in open reading frames (ORFs) 2 to 4.

AKT/TSC2/p70S6K signaling pathway is involved in quinocetone-induced death-promoting autophagy in HepG2 cells.

Quinocetone (QCT, 3-methyl-2-quinoxalin benzenevinylketo-1, 4-dioxide) is widely used as a veterinary drug and animal feed additive in China. Although it promotes growth and improves feed efficiency, QCT's in vitro and in vivo toxicities remain uncertain. This study was conducted to explore the mechanism of QCT-induced autophagy in HepG2 cells.