Temperature-driven development and reproduction in Cacopsylla citrisuga (Hemiptera: Psyllidae): insights from an age-stage, two-sex life table analysis.

The citrus pest Cacopsylla citrisuga (Yang & Li), a vector for Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), exhibits distinct sensitivity to temperature variations. This study utilized an age-stage, 2-sex life table to evaluate the development and reproduction of C. citrisuga across 5 temperatures (17, 20, 25, 28, and 31 °C).

Helping authors produce FAIR taxonomic data: evaluation of an author-driven phenotype data production prototype.

It is well-known that the use of vocabulary in phenotype treatments is often inconsistent. An earlier survey of biologists who create or use phenotypic characters revealed that this lack of standardization leads to ambiguities, frustrating both the consumers and producers of phenotypic data. Such ambiguities are challenging for biologists, and more so for Artificial Intelligence, to resolve.

A phytoplasma effector suppresses insect melanization immune response to promote pathogen persistent transmission.

Insect melanization triggered by the conversion of prophenoloxidase to active phenoloxidase via serine proteases (SPs) is an important immediate immune response. However, how phytoplasmas evade this immune response to promote their propagation in insect vectors remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that infection of leafhopper vectors with rice orange leaf phytoplasma (ROLP) activates the mild melanization response in hemolymph.

Comparative analysis of antibiotic resistance genes between fresh pig manure and composted pig manure in winter, China.

Antibiotic resistance is a critical global public health issue. The gut microbiome acts as a reservoir for numerous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which influence both existing and future microbial populations within a community or ecosystem. However, the differences in ARG expression between fresh and composted feces remain poorly understood.

Utilization of Microalgae and Duckweed as Sustainable Protein Sources for Food and Feed: Nutritional Potential and Functional Applications.

Aquatic biomass, particularly microalgae and duckweed, presents a promising and sustainable alternative source of plant-based protein and bioactive compounds for food and feed applications. This review highlights the nutritional potential of these aquatic species, focusing on their high protein content, rapid growth rates, and adaptability to nonarable environments. Microalgae, such as and spp.

Elite Alleles of EPE1 Identified via Genome-wide Association Studies Increase Panicle Elongation Length in Rice.

Panicle elongation length (PEL), which determines panicle exsertion, is an important outcrossing-related trait. Mining genes controlling PEL in rice (Oryza sativa L.) has great practical significance in breeding cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines with increased PEL and simplified, high-efficiency seed production.

Mining versatile feruloyl esterases: phylogenetic classification, structural features, and deep learning model.

Feruloyl esterases (FEs, EC 3.1.1.

Identification, biological characterization of Cladobotryum mycophilum and its control during the fruiting process of Lyophyllum decastes.

Lyophyllum decastes is a type of edible and medicinal mushroom with high nutritional value. However, it can be infected by fungi during the fruiting process, which impairs the development of the industry. In this study, one pathogenic fungus was isolated from the diseased fruiting bodies of L.

Formulation of Ethyl Cellulose Nanoparticles Encapsulated with Osthole Provides Long-Lasting Plant Protection against a Major Pest Mite.

The broader use of botanical pesticides has been limited by shorter residual activity on plants, slower onset of action, and higher costs compared with conventional pesticides. These challenges could be overcome by the development of simple, cost-effective, and long-lasting preventive nanocomposites for botanical pesticides. In this study, we successfully developed a low-cost ethyl cellulose (EC)-based delivery system for the botanical pesticide osthole (OST), designed to provide extended preventive protection against infestations.

Spermidine enhances the heat tolerance of by promoting mitochondrial respiration driven by fatty acid β-oxidation.

Unlabelled: High temperature is an unavoidable environmental stress that generally exerts detrimental effects on organisms and has widespread effects on metabolism. Spermidine is an important member of the polyamines family and is involved in a range of abiotic stress responses in plants. Mitochondria play an essential role in cellular homeostasis and are key components of the stress response.

Genome sequence of ZAPR22R, isolated from calla lily in China.

Here, we present the complete genome sequence of strain ZAPR22R, isolated from the petiole and tuber of calla lily (), infected with soft rot. The genome consists of a single chromosome (4,528,722 bp) with a G+C content of 41.1%.

In-Depth Analysis of Soil Microbial Community Succession Model Construction under Microplastics Stress.

Although microplastics (MPs) toxicity to soil microorganisms has been preliminarily explored, the underlying reasons affecting the direction of microbial community succession are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of MPs infer community assembly mechanisms through phylogenetic bin-based null model analysis, network models, and protein function prediction in five typical Northeast China five typical soils. The results show that microbial communities in soils with high organic matter exhibit a stronger response to MPs, with enhanced protein functionality, network regulation, and assembly processes.

A phytocytokine and its derived peptides in the frass of an insect elicit rice defenses.

Upon recognizing elicitors derived from herbivores, many plants activate specific defenses. Most of the elicitors identified thus far are from the oral secretions and egg-laying fluids of herbivores; in contrast, herbivore fecal excreta have been sparsely studied in this context. In this study, we identified elicitors in the frass of the striped stem borer (SSB; Chilo suppressalis) larvae using a combination of molecular and chemical analyses, bioactivity tests and insect performance bioassays.

Distribution and Biological Response of Nanoplastics in Constructed Wetland Microcosms: Mechanistic Insights into the Role of Photoaging.

Concern over nanoplastic contamination of wetland ecosystems has been increasing. However, little is known about the effect of photoaging on the distribution and biological response of the nanoplastics. Here, palladium-labeled polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-Pd NPs) at 0.

Computer-aided design of novel anthranilic diamides containing fluorinated alkoxy groups as potential ryanodine receptor insecticides.

Background: Increasing the diversity of lead compounds has been shown to enhance the efficacy of diamide insecticides. Fifty novel compounds were precisely designed and synthesized utilizing fragment-based assembly and virtual screening coupling.

Results: The median lethal concentration (LC) values of compounds X-30 and X-40 against Mythimna separata were 0.

In Vitro and In Vivo Anticancer Activities of Water-Soluble Ru(II)(η6--cymene) Complexes via Activating Apoptosis Central Regulators and Possibilities of New Antitumor Strategies in Triple Negative Breast Cancers.

In this study, we synthesized 12 monofunctional tridentate ONS-donor salicylaldimine ligand ()-based Ru(II) complexes with general formula [(Ru()(-cymene)]·Cl (-), characterized by H NMR, C NMR, UV, FT-IR spectroscopy, HR-ESI mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray analysis showing ligand's orientation around the Ru(II) center. All 12 of these 12 complexes were tested for their anticancer activities in multiple cancer cells. The superior antitumor efficacy of , , and was demonstrated by reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, impaired proliferative capacity, and disrupted redox homeostasis, along with enhanced apoptosis through caspase-3 activation and downregulation of Bcl-2 expression.

Sophoricoside Inhibited Glioblastoma Cell Progression Through Activated AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK).

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor, with a mean survival of less than 2 years. Unique brain structures and the microenvironment, including blood-brain barriers, put great challenges on clinical drug development. Sophoricoside (Sop), an isoflavone glycoside isolated from seeds of Sophora japonica L.

Gut Microbiome and Metabolome Changes in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients With Vertebral Bone Marrow Lesions.

Background: Chronic low back pain (LBP) is a significant global health concern, often linked to vertebral bone marrow lesions (BML), particularly fatty replacement (FR). This study aims to explore the relationship between the gut microbiome, serum metabolome, and FR in chronic LBP patients.

Methods: Serum metabolomic profiling and gut microbiome analysis were conducted in chronic LBP patients with and without FR (LBP + FR,  = 40; LBP,  = 40) and Healthy Controls (HC,  = 31).

Effects of chili straw on rumen fermentation, meat quality, amino acid and fatty acid contents, and rumen bacteria diversity in sheep.

Crop residues have shown promise as non-conventional feed sources to enhance animal health and growth. This study evaluated the effects of chili straw (CS) on rumen fermentation, meat quality, amino and fatty acid composition, and rumen microbial diversity in sheep. Fifty F1 Dorper×Hu lambs (29.

Establishment and maturation of gut microbiota in White King pigeon squabs: role of pigeon milk.

Background: Pigeons are significant economic animals in China; however, research regarding the establishment and influencing factors of gut microbiota in squabs remains limited. Understanding how the gut microbiota develops in pigeons, particularly in relation to pigeon milk, is importance in pigeon production. This study aims to elucidate the establishment characteristics of the gut microbiota in White King pigeon squabs and explore the role of pigeon milk in this process.

Highly pathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus BJ-11 unveils genetic evolution related to virulence in calves.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is the causative agent of bovine viral diarrhea, which causes significant economic loss to the global livestock industry. Despite the widespread use of inactivated BVDV vaccines, highly pathogenic strains continue to emerge. In China, regional variations in BVDV subtypes, morbidities, and symptoms, however, only the BVDV 1a subtype vaccine is currently approved.

Hyperspectral estimation of chlorophyll density in winter wheat using fractional-order derivative combined with machine learning.

Chlorophyll density (ChD) can reflect the photosynthetic capacity of the winter wheat population, therefore achieving real-time non-destructive monitoring of ChD in winter wheat is of great significance for evaluating the growth status of winter wheat. Derivative preprocessing has a wide range of applications in the hyperspectral monitoring of winter wheat chlorophyll. In order to research the role of fractional-order derivative (FOD) in the hyperspectral monitoring model of ChD, this study based on an irrigation experiment of winter wheat to obtain ChD and canopy hyperspectral reflectance.

Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses provide new insights into cassava in response to nitrogen deficiency.

Nitrogen deficiency is a key constraint on crop yield. Cassava, the world's sixth-largest food crop and a crucial source of feed and industrial materials, can thrive in marginal soils, yet its yield is still significantly affected by limited nitrogen availability. Investigating cassava's response mechanisms to nitrogen scarcity is therefore essential for advancing molecular breeding and identifying nitrogen-efficient varieties.