Enhancing the flavour quality of Laiyang pear wine by screening sorbitol-utilizing yeasts and co-fermentation strategies.

This study took a novel approach to address the dual challenges of enhancing the ethanol content and aroma complexity in Laiyang pear wine. It focused on sorbitol as a pivotal element in the strategic selection of yeasts with specific sorbitol-utilization capabilities and their application in co-fermentation strategies. We selected two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains (coded as Sc1, Sc2), two Metschnikowia pulcherrima (coded as Mp1, Mp2), and one Pichia terricola (coded as Tp) due to their efficacy as starter cultures.

Complete genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of medicinal plant Abrus cantoniensis for evolutionary research and germplasm utilization.

Abrus cantoniensis Hance, a native medicinal plant in southern China, is officially recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Here, we presented the first high-quality genome in Abrus genus, A. cantoniensis genome, as well as the detailed genomic information.

Catch crop planting and residue incorporation to reduce nitrogen leaching in intensive vegetable greenhouse field.

Summer catch crop planting is commonly adapted to increase soil biodiversity and effectively reduce N leaching in intensively managed vegetable fields with double-cropping systems (winter-spring season and autumn-winter season) in China. However, little has been reported on the combined effects of summer catch crops (i.e.

Genetic dissection of maize plant architecture using a novel nested association mapping population.

The leaf angle (LA), plant height (PH), and ear height (EH) are key plant architectural traits influencing maize (Zea mays L.) yield. However, their genetic determinants have not yet been well-characterized.

Study on the diversity of non-Saccharomyces yeasts in Chinese wine regions and their potential in improving wine aroma by β-glucosidase activity analyses.

This work investigated the diversity of non-Saccharomyces yeasts in main Chinese wine producing area, and discuss their potential in wine fermentation through analyzing their β-glucosidase activity. Grapes from 44 vineyards of 9 regions were detected and a total of 395 non-Saccharomyces were identified and categorized into 16 genera, 28 species. In which, 85 non-Saccharomyces yeasts were primarily screened based on pNPG method and Bradford method, and then evaluated by β-glucosidase environmental adaptability, substrate affinity and enzyme activity.

Alginate Oligosaccharides: Production, Biological Activities, and Potential Applications.

Alginate, a group of polyuronic saccharides, has been widely used in both pharmaceutical and food industries due to its unique physicochemical properties as well as beneficial health effects. However, the potential applications of alginate are restricted because of its low water solubility and high solution viscosity when significant concentrations are needed, particularly in food products. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS), oligomers containing 2 to 25 monomers, can be obtained via hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds, organic synthesis, or through biosynthesis.

Review on the Stability Mechanism and Application of Water-in-Oil Emulsions Encapsulating Various Additives.

Water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions can be used to encapsulate and control the release of bioactive compounds for nutrition fortification in fat-based food products. However, long-term stabilization of W/O emulsions remains a challenging task in food science and thereby limits their potential application in the food industry. To develop high-quality emulsion-based food products, it is essential to better understand the factors that affect the emulsions' stability.

Improved hybrid de novo genome assembly and annotation of African wild rice, Oryza longistaminata, from Illumina and PacBio sequencing reads.

African wild rice Oryza longistaminata, one of the eight AA- genome species in the genus Oryza, possesses highly valued traits, such as the rhizomatousness for perennial rice breeding, strong tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and high biomass production on poor soils. To obtain the high-quality reference genome for O. longistaminata we employed a hybrid assembly approach through incorporating Illumina and PacBio sequencing datasets.

Potential for phytoremediation of nonylphenol from sewage sludge.

Nonylphenol (NP) is considered a major contaminant that must be removed to enable safe and environmentally friendly land application of sewage sludge. Phytoremediation is a technology in which plants are used to remove and/or stabilize organic and inorganic contaminants present in the soil, municipal wastewater, and sewage sludge. In this study, a 391-d large pot experiment was conducted to remove NP from sewage sludge by phytoremediation using Zea mays L.

High pressure-assisted vacuum-freeze drying: A novel, efficient way to accelerate moisture migration in shrimp processing.

High pressure processing (HPP), as nonthermal processing technology, has the potential to increase the drying rate due to its improvement of heat and mass exchange in different processes. In this study, the moisture migration in shrimps during HPP-vacuum-freeze drying (HPP-VFD) processes has been monitored by using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance image (MRI) in comparison with hot air-drying and VFD. Based on the T relaxation spectra, three water fractions corresponding to bound water (hydrogen-bonded water), immobile water (water trapped by organization structure or cell member), and free water were observed.

Influence of Lactobacillus brevis on metabolite changes in bacteria-fermented sufu.

Sufu is a form of food derived from traditional Chinese fermented soybean. It has a unique flavor and contains abundant nutrients. With demands for healthy food on the rise, a higher level of sufu functionality is required.

Effect of Fractionation and Chemical Characteristics on the Crystallization Behavior of Milk Fat.

The experiments reported in this study provided a more comprehensive insight into the effect of chemical composition on the crystallization behavior of milk fat (MF). MF was fractionated between 20 and 40 °C into nine fractions with different melting points and was first subjected to the heating step (L20, L30, L40, and S40) followed by the cooling phase (SS40, SL40, SS30, SL30, and LL40). Furthermore, the species of fatty acids (FAs) and triglycerides (TAGs) of the MF fractions were identified.

Chlorogenic Acid Stimulates the Thermogenesis of Brown Adipocytes by Promoting the Uptake of Glucose and the Function of Mitochondria.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) prevents obesity and related diseases by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation with adenosine triphosphate. Previous studies have demonstrated that polyphenols can promote the thermogenesis of BAT in mice. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a common phenolic acid found in fruits and vegetables, as well as traditional Chinese medicine, which is responsible for a variety of physiological activities.

Relation Between Gut Microbiota Composition and Traditional Spontaneous Fermented Dairy Foods Among Kazakh Nomads in Xinjiang, China.

The human gastrointestinal tract represents one of the most densely populated microbial ecosystems studied to date. Although this microbial consortium has been recognized to have a crucial impact on human health, its precise composition is still subject to intense investigation, as people from different regions have different gut microbiota structures. The Kazakh nomads in Xinjiang, China still retain their nomadic lifestyle and traditional diet.

Application of Immunoassays for Rapid Monitor of Carbofuran Residue in Vegetables.

Carbofuran residue in vegetables is a concern to human health. Direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dcELISA) and dipstick immunoassay were developed in the present study. The dcELISA showed a 50% inhibition concentration (IC ) and working range of 1.

Investigation on the Interaction Behavior Between Oenothein B and Pepsin by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry and Spectral Studies.

Oenothein B (OeB) is a dimeric macrocyclic ellagitannin isolated from Herbs and fruits that have a variety of biological activities. In order to better understand the effect of OeB on the activity of the digestive enzyme pepsin, interactions between OeB and pepsin were investigated in vitro under simulated physiological conditions based on enzyme inhibition studies, fluorescence, isothermal titration calorimetry, CD, and molecular docking. It was found OeB is an effective inhibitor of pepsin, likely acting in a reversible manner through both competitive and noncompetitive inhibition.

Thermal Treatment Greatly Improves Storage Stability and Monodispersity of Pea Seed Ferritin.

Plant ferritin in holo form is considered as a novel, ideal iron supplement for human nutrition in the 21st century, but its self-degradation and self-association features limit its application on account of the presence of extension peptide (EP), a specific domain only found in plant ferritin. Although reported chemicals such as Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) can inhibit its self-degradation, they are not edible and toxic. In the present work, we found that thermal treatment of pea seed ferritin (PSF) in the range of 60 to 80 °C can prolong the storage time of PSF from 3 days to at least 10 days.

Purification and Characterization of Superoxide Dismutases from Sea Buckthorn and Chestnut Rose.

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) were purified from sea buckthorn and chestnut rose by ammonium sulfate precipitation and anion-exchange chromatography, and the detection methods of water-soluble tetrazolium-1 (WST-1), nitrobluetetrazolium (NBT) and pyrogallol autoxidation (PA) for SOD activity were compared. WST-1 method was selected due to its coefficient of variation (CV) <6% in this study. Two SODs exhibited similar characteristics.

Dietary Amino Acids and the Gut-Microbiome-Immune Axis: Physiological Metabolism and Therapeutic Prospects.

Dietary amino acids (AAs) are not only absorbed and metabolized by enterocytes but also available to the microbiota in the gut in mammals. In addition to serving as the materials for protein synthesis, AAs can act as precursors for numerous metabolic end products in reactions involving the intestinal mucosa and microbiota. After penetrating the epithelial barrier, microbial metabolites can enter and accumulate in the host circulatory system, where they are sensed by immune cells and then elicit a wide range of biological functions via different receptors and mechanisms.

Antidiabetic Potential of Green Seaweed Enteromorpha prolifera Flavonoids Regulating Insulin Signaling Pathway and Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetic Mice.

This study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic activity of water-ethanol extract of green macroalgae Enteromorpha prolifera (EPW) and its flavonoid-rich fraction less than 3 kDa (EPW3) in type 2 diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin and a high-sucrose/high-fat diet. The major active compounds were identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight-tandem mass spectrometry. Quantitative gene expression analysis of the insulin signaling pathway was performed.

Effect of Various Hot-Air Drying Processes on Clam Ruditapes philippinarum Lipids: Composition Changes and Oxidation Development.

Clam Ruditapes philippinarum was processed by hot-air drying and the changes of its lipids were evaluated by analyzing lipid classes, phospholipid classes, fatty acids, as well as oxidation parameters including peroxide value (POV), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) value, total oxidation value (TOTOX), and oxidation test (OXITEST). The hot-air drying process reduced the contents of triacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine, indicating the hydrolysis of lipids. Meanwhile, the hot-air drying process significantly decreased the proportion of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and consequently increased the PUFA ratio of n-3/n-6.

Influence of Tannin Extract and Yeast Extract on Color Preservation and Anthocyanin Content of Mulberry Wine.

Unlabelled: The color of mulberry wine is extremely unstable in processing and aging. This paper investigates the effects of tannin extract and yeast extract on the color and color-preserving characteristics of mulberry wine made from the Dashi cultivar. The results showed that the maximum absorption wavelength in both tannin extract and yeast extract groups changed generating the red shift effect.

Identification of pyrG Used as an Endogenous Reference Gene in Qualitative and Real-Time Quantitative PCR Detection of Pleurotus ostreatus.

Unlabelled: As a well-known edible fungus rich in nutrients, Pleurotus ostreatus has been used as an alternative to expensive wild edible fungi. Specifically, the fact that using P. ostreatus instead of other expensive wild edible fungi has damaged the rights and interests of consumers.

Green Tea Polyphenols Modulate Colonic Microbiota Diversity and Lipid Metabolism in High-Fat Diet Treated HFA Mice.

Unlabelled: There is an increasing interest in the effect of dietary polyphenols on the intestinal microbiota and the possible associations between this effect and the development of obesity. However, limited information is available on how these polyphenols affect the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism. The co-action of a high-fat diet (HFD) and tea polyphenol (TP) on gut microbiota and lipid metabolism using a human flora-associated (HFA) C57BL/6J mice model is studied.