Morphological map of the proximal ulna bare area: a computer-assisted anatomical study in relation to olecranon osteotomy.

Objective: The bare area is defined as a transverse region within the trochlear notch, serving as an optimal entry point for olecranon osteotomy due to the absence of articular cartilage coverage. However, there is limited research on the morphology and location of the bare area, and there is a lack of intuitive visual description. Thus, the purpose of this study is to delineate anatomical features of the bare area and visualize its morphology and refine the olecranon osteotomy approach.

Role of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor in Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension.

Background: Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), mainly known for its neuroprotective properties, belongs to the IL-6 (interleukin-6) cytokine family. In contrast to IL-6, the effects of CNTF on the vasculature have not been explored. Here, we examined the role of CNTF in AngII (angiotensin II)-induced hypertension.

A lightweight prosthetic hand with 19-DOF dexterity and human-level functions.

A human hand has 23-degree-of-freedom (DOF) dexterity for managing activities of daily living (ADLs). Current prosthetic hands, primarily driven by motors or pneumatic actuators, fall short in replicating human-level functions, primarily due to limited DOF. Here, we develop a lightweight prosthetic hand that possesses biomimetic 19-DOF dexterity by integrating 38 shape-memory alloy (SMA) actuators to precisely control five fingers and the wrist.

A prospective observational study on intracranial pressure management: A comparison of three ultrasound techniques.

Objective: This prospective observational study aimed to assess the effectiveness of B-mode ultrasound, color-coded Doppler, and shear-wave elastography in predicting intracranial pressure (ICP) and their capability to evaluate the efficacy of ICP lowering therapy.

Materials And Methods: Forty-eight neuro-critical care patients were enrolled and categorized into 2 groups based on ICP measurements obtained through external ventricular drainage: the intracranial hypertension (IH) and normal ICP groups. The optic nerve (ON) sheath diameter (ONSD), end diastolic velocity, peak systolic velocity, resistance index of the central retinal artery (CRA), and Young's modulus (YM) of the ON were recorded after external ventricular drainage placement and following ICP lowering treatment in the IH group.

Nano-sized heterogeneous photocatalyst FeO@V/TiO-catalyzed synthesis and antimycobacterial evaluation of 2-substituted benzimidazoles.

The 2-substituted benzimidazole has emerged as a promising heterocyclic compound in the field of drug design. In pursuit of more sustainable photocatalysts for 2-substituted benzimidazole synthesis, the method for coating FeO with V-doped TiO was presented. On the base of characterizing composition, morphology, and properties, the prepared nano-sized FeO@V/TiO composites were used as a heterogeneous photocatalyst to catalyze the synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles under light.

Ferroelectricity and Nonlinear Optical Responses in Two-Dimensional Distorted ( = Cu, Ag, Au; = Chalcogens; = Halogen) Monolayers.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials with spontaneous polarization can exhibit large second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) effects. Here, we present a series of stable distorted monolayers by using first-principles calculations and lattice vibration analysis. The structural distortion leads to a lower polar symmetry, giving rise to intrinsic ferroelectricity with a Curie point up to room temperature.

Enhancing the prediction of mutation status in Asian lung adenocarcinoma: a comprehensive approach combining clinical, dual-energy spectral computed tomography, and radiomics features.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a sub-type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that is often associated with genetic alterations, including the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog () mutation. The mutation is particularly challenging to treat due to resistance to targeted therapies. This study aims to develop a predictive model for the mutation in patients with LUAD by integrating clinical, dual-energy spectral computed tomography (DESCT), and radiomics features.

Assessing the possibility of using large language models in ocular surface diseases.

Aim: To assess the possibility of using different large language models (LLMs) in ocular surface diseases by selecting five different LLMS to test their accuracy in answering specialized questions related to ocular surface diseases: ChatGPT-4, ChatGPT-3.5, Claude 2, PaLM2, and SenseNova.

Methods: A group of experienced ophthalmology professors were asked to develop a 100-question single-choice question on ocular surface diseases designed to assess the performance of LLMs and human participants in answering ophthalmology specialty exam questions.

Influencing factors of early post-traumatic stress disorder in young and middle-aged individuals with open globe injuries in west China: a cross-sectional study.

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of early post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among young and middle-aged patients who have suffered open globe injuries, and to identify the psychosocial factors influencing PTSD in these patients.

Methods: A total of 280 patients who underwent ocular trauma surgery between January 2023 and January 2024 were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a custom-designed demographic questionnaire, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (C-ERRI), and the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C).

Safety and humoral immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine administered as a fourth dose booster following two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and a third dose of BNT162b2 (COV009): A prospective cohort study.

Objectives: Evaluation of the safety and humoral immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 as a fourth dose booster in individuals who have had two initial doses of the vaccine and a third dose of BNT162b2.

Methods: COV009 is a safety follow-up study of volunteers enroled in the pivotal pre-licensure ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. In this sub-study, 149 eligible participants were given a fourth dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19.

A novel machine learning-based immune prognostic signature for improving clinical outcomes and guiding therapy in colorectal cancer: an integrated bioinformatics and experimental study.

Immune cells are pivotal components in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which can interact with tumor cells and significantly influence cancer progression and therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, classifying cancer patients based on the status of immune cells within the TME is increasingly recognized as an effective approach to identify prognostic biomarkers, paving the way for more effective and personalized cancer treatments. Considering the high incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC), in this study, an integrated machine learning survival framework incorporating 93 different algorithmic combinations was utilized to determine the optimal strategy for developing an immune-related prognostic signature (IRPS) based on the average C-index across the four CRC cohorts.

Characterization of Hepatitis B Virus Transcripts in Chronically HBV-Infected Chimpanzees and Patients Treated with ARC-520 siRNA Demonstrates Transcriptional Silencing of cccDNA.

Full-length hepatitis B virus (HBV) transcripts of chimpanzees and patients treated with multidose (MD) HBV siRNA ARC-520 and entecavir (ETV) were characterized by single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing, identifying multiple types of transcripts with the potential to encode HBx, HBsAg, HBeAg, core, and polymerase, as well as transcripts likely to be derived from dimers of dslDNA, and these differed between HBeAg-positive (HBeAg+) and HBeAg-negative (HBeAg-) individuals. HBV transcripts from the last follow-up ~30 months post-ARC-520 treatment were categorized from one HBeAg+ (one of two previously highly viremic patients that became HBeAg- upon treatment and had greatly reduced cccDNA products) and four HBeAg- patients. The previously HBeAg+ patient received a biopsy that revealed that he had 3.

Novel MRI-based Hyper-Fused Radiomics for Predicting Pathologic Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in Breast Cancer.

Rationale And Objectives: To propose a novel MRI-based hyper-fused radiomic approach to predict pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in breast cancer (BC).

Materials And Methods: Pretreatment dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI and ultra-multi-b-value (UMB) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data were acquired in BC patients who received NAT followed by surgery at two centers. Hyper-fused radiomic features (RFs) and conventional RFs were extracted from DCE-MRI or UMB-DWI.

Regional antimicrobial resistance gene flow among the One Health sectors in China.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant threat to global health, with its spread intricately linked across human, animal, and environmental sectors. Revealing the antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) flow among the One Health sectors is essential for better control of antimicrobial resistance.

Results: In this study, we investigated regional ARG transmission among humans, food, and the environment in Dengfeng, Henan Province, China by combining large-scale metagenomic sequencing with culturing of resistant bacterial isolates in 592 samples.

The modulation of calcium and chloride channels induces cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells.

Ion channels play a crucial role in cardiac functions, and their activities exhibit dynamic changes during heart development. However, the precise function of ion channels in human heart development remains elusive. In this study, we utilized human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as a model to mimic the process of human embryonic heart development.

Activation of PPARγ regulates M1/M2 macrophage polarization and attenuates dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced inflammatory bowel disease via the STAT-1/STAT-6 pathway.

This study aimed to investigate whether activation of PPARγ regulates M1/M2 macrophage polarization to attenuate dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) via the STAT-1/STAT-6 pathway in vivo and in vitro. We first examined the effect of PPARγ on macrophage polarization in LPS/IFN-γ-treated M1 RAW264.7 cells and IL-4/IL-13-treated M2 RAW264.

Fundus Curvature as a Clinical Marker for Posterior Staphyloma Based on Widefield Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: To investigate the ability to quantify fundus curvature and detect posterior staphyloma using widefield optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Design: Cross-sectional diagnostic evaluation.

Methods: This study reviewed 205 highly myopic eyes of 205 participants.

Deep Learning Model for the Differential Diagnosis of Nasal Polyps and Inverted Papilloma by CT Images: A Multicenter Study.

Rationale And Objectives: Nasal polyps (NP) and inverted papilloma (IP) are benign tumors within the nasal cavity, each necessitating distinct treatment approaches. Herein, we investigate the utility of a deep learning (DL) model for distinguishing between NP and IP.

Materials And Methods: A total of 1791 patients with nasal benign tumors from two hospitals were retrospectively enrolled.

Determining the Optimal Age for Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass Surgery: A Post Hoc Analysis of the CMOSS Randomized Trial.

Background: Previous trials have failed to demonstrate the benefits of extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery for patients with carotid or middle cerebral artery occlusion. However, little evidence has focused on the effect of age on prognosis. This study aimed to explore whether EC-IC bypass surgery can provide greater benefits than medical therapy alone in specific age groups.

Retinal thickness predicts the risk of cognitive decline over five years.

Background: Dementia poses a significant burden on healthcare systems. Early identification of individuals at risk for cognitive decline is crucial. The retina, an extension of the central nervous system, reflects neurodegenerative changes.

Increased Lateral Femoral Condyle Ratio Is Associated With a Greater Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Concomitant Anterolateral Ligament and Meniscus Injuries.

Purpose: To investigate whether lateral femoral condyle ratio (LFCR) and lateral femoral condyle index (LFCI) were associated with a greater risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and concomitant injuries.

Methods: This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and was registered on PROSPERO. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to April 1, 2024.

FDFT1 maintains glioblastoma stem cells through activation of the Akt pathway.

Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have unique metabolic characteristics and are hypothesized to contribute significantly to the recurrence and drug resistance of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, the reliance on mitochondrial metabolism and the underlying mechanism of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) remains to be elucidated.

Methods: To quantify differential mitochondrial protein expression between GSCs and differentiated cells, a mass spectrum screen was applied by the Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC) technique.

Influencing factors of ocular pain in dry eye disease patients at high altitude.

Aim: To quantify the severity and frequency of ocular pain in Tibetan plateau patients with dry eye, and to evaluate the related factors affecting ocular pain.

Methods: A retrospective study included 160 cases of dry eye disease (DED) patients who were treated from July 2022 to June 2023. Age, gender, occupation, illness course, anxiety, plateau duration, plateau protection, ocular surface disease index scale (OSDI), break-up time (BUT), Schirmer I test (SIT), conjunctivitis, history of ophthalmic medication, autoimmune disease, the workload of daily near vision range, smoking and overnight stay were obtained comprehensive ophthalmic assessment, and their duration was followed up.

Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies endothelial-derived HBEGF as promoting pancreatic beta cell proliferation in mice via the EGFR-Kmt5a-H4K20me pathway.

Aims/hypothesis: Pancreatic beta cell mass is dynamically regulated in response to increased physiological and pathological demands. Understanding the mechanisms that control physiological beta cell proliferation could provide valuable insights into novel therapeutic approaches to diabetes. Here, we aimed to analyse the intracellular and extracellular signalling pathways involved in regulating the physiological proliferation of beta cells using single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) and in vitro functional assays.