- High-quality economic development depends on successfully transforming and upgrading industries, with efficient fiscal expenditures being vital for effective national governance.
- Government intervention can lead to negative outcomes like local protectionism and uniform regional industrial structures, complicating industrial upgrades.
- A study using data from 250 Chinese cities (2007-2020) finds that while public fiscal expenditure significantly supports industrial transformation, its effectiveness follows an inverted U-shaped curve, with diminishing returns as city size increases, highlighting the need for optimal fiscal strategies.