Revealing the mechanism underlying the viscosity improvement of rice protein yogurt by the presence of in-situ-produced dextrans.

The in-situ-produced dextrans (DXs) could effectively enhance the viscosity of rice protein (RP) yogurt, but the reason for this improvement has not been elucidated. This study aims to reveal the mechanism underlying the viscosity improvement of RP yogurt by the presence of in-situ DXs. DXs synthesized in RP yogurts under different optimum conditions were purified and fully characterized.

Proteomic analysis of the nonstructural protein 2-host protein interactome reveals a novel regulatory role of SH3 domain-containing kinase-binding protein 1 in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication and apoptosis.

Virus-host protein interaction is critical for successful completion of viral replication cycles. As the largest nonstructural protein (NSP) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), NSP2 plays multiple and critical roles in viral replication, antiviral immunity, cellular tropism and virulence. An interactome of this protein with host proteins would be instrumental in full understanding of these multifunctional roles.

The sugar transporter proteins in plants: An elaborate and widespread regulation network-A review.

In higher plants, sugars are the primary products of photosynthesis, where CO is converted into organic carbon within the mesophyll cells of leaves. These sugars serve as a critical source of carbon skeletons for the biosynthesis of essential cellular compounds, energy production, and as osmotic and signaling molecules. Plant sugar transporter proteins play a key role in facilitating the long-distance translocation of sugars from source to sink organs, thereby controlling their distribution and accumulation across the plant.

Inhibition of urate induced pyroptosis and reabsorption transporters overexpression in human renal tubular epithelial cells by low molecular weight fucoidan, as well as its anticoagulation and antioxidation.

Low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF) has been proved to be more potent than its prototype, many degradation methods have been used to prepare LMWF. This study is conducted to further explore the biological activities of LMWF prepared by ultrasound based on anticoagulation, antioxidation, and inhibition of urate induced pyroptosis and reabsorption transporters overexpression in human renal tubular epithelial cells. Data revealed that ultrasound successfully degraded fucoidan to be LMWF, the product treated for no more than 2.

Oxidized hyaluronic acid/ε-polylysine/quaternized chitosan hydrogel with shear thinning injectability and self-healing properties for full-time and multipurpose wound healing.

Complex wound closure scenarios necessitate the development of advanced wound dressings that can effectively address the challenges of filling irregularly shaped wounds and managing fatigue failures encountered in daily patient activities. To tackle these issues, we develop a multifunctional hydrogel from natural polysaccharides and polypeptides with injectability and self-healing properties for promoting full-time and multipurpose wound healing. Synthesized through dynamic Schiff base linkages between oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA), ε-polylysine (ε-PL), and quaternized chitosan (QCS), the OHA/ε-PL/QCS hydrogel can gel rapidly within 50 s.

Cellulose nanofibers reinforced carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber coatings for improved corrosion protection of mild steel.

The development of an efficient coating with comprehensive antimicrobial and anticorrosion properties for metals is crucial. The present study used a one-pot strategy to fabricate a high-performance nanocomposite coating of carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber/cellulose nanofibers/zinc oxide (XNBR/CNF-ZnO), demonstrating excellent potential for application in the protection against metal corrosion. Eco-friendly CNF-ZnO nanomaterials, prepared using the in-situ generation method, were used as reinforcing fillers, while XNBR was used as the matrix material.

Polyamide/silica/sodium alginate in-situ composite: Synthesis and application in electrochemical probing for Pb/Cd.

In this study, polyamide/silica/sodium alginate (SA) composite (PA-Si-SA) was successfully prepared in one-step benzoxazine-isocyanide chemistry (BIC)/sol-gel process at room temperature. The chemical structure and fundamental properties of PA-Si-SA were characterized by FT-IR, solid-state C NMR, XPS, XRD, SEM, BET and TG, etc. The presence of anionic SA and diverse N, O-containing functional segments (amide, tertiary amine, alkyl/phenol -OH, Si-O-Si, and COO) in PA-Si-SA endows it synergistic complexation capability toward Pb and Cd.

Identification of potential therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease from the proteomes of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in a multicenter Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Certain peripheral proteins are believed to be involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the roles of other new protein biomarkers are still unclear. Current treatments aim to manage symptoms, but they are not effective in stopping the progression of the disease. New drug targets are needed to prevent Alzheimer's disease.

Decoding the difference of four species of Cordyceps based on polysaccharides and immunomodulation activity.

Nucleosides and polysaccharides are the main bioactive ingredients of Cordyceps genus. Nucleosides shows significant differences in different Cordyceps species. However, the differences of polysaccharides have not been decoded.

Functional characterization and regulatory pattern of Neoseiulus barkeri peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP).

Compared with traditional biological control, the co-use of entomopathogenic fungi and multiple enemies has made great progress in biocontrol technology. However, the risk posed by entomopathogenic fungi to their host has not been fully evaluated. Further, the interaction between them has not described adequately.

Design and fabrication of xylan-graft-poly (methyl methacrylate) thermoplastic via SARA ATRP.

Due to the emphasis on the environmental and health issues caused by petroleum-based plastics, renewable lignocellulosic materials emerge as promising substitutes. However, their practical application remains hindered by unsatisfactory properties such as fragility and sensitivity to water. Dealing with the challenge of non-thermal processing of xylan and addressing the issue of performance degradation resulting from the hygroscopicity of materials.

Application of lanthanum-modified silk fibroin/polyvinyl alcohol film for highly selective defluoridation in brick tea infusion.

To mitigate the risk associated with water-soluble fluoride in tea and to have less influence on the contents of tea infusion, a highly selective lanthanum modified silk fibroin (SF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite film (SF/PVA-La) was prepared to remove fluoride from brick tea infusion. Notably, SF/PVA-La could remove about 48 % of the fluoride from in brick tea infusion within 30 min. Importantly, the reduction in total tea polyphenols in brick tea did not exceed 10 %, and the reduction in caffeine was only 0.

Characterization and film-forming properties of collagen from three species of sea cucumber from the South China Sea: Emphasizing the effect of transglutaminase.

This study aimed to investigate the structural characteristics of Stichopus horrens collagen (SHC), Holothuria scabra collagen (HSC), and Holothuria leucospilota collagen (HLC) and to assess the effect of transglutaminase (TGase) on their film-forming properties. The results indicated that the collagens from three species of sea cucumbers were type I collagen with a complete triple helical structure. The thermal denaturation temperature of HLC (34.

Decorin-mediated dermal papilla cell-derived exosomes regulate hair follicle growth and development through miR-129-2-3p/SMAD3/TGF-β axis.

Decorin (DCN) is a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family within the extracellular matrix, playing a role in the growth and development of hair follicle (HF). Exosomes serve as significant mediators of intercellular communication and are involved in the cyclic regeneration of HF. Exosomes derived from dermal papilla cells (DPC-Exos) are essential for the cycling and regrowth of HF.

Improved toughening attributes of coix seed oil high internal phase Pickering emulsion gel via the carrageenan and super-deamidated wheat gluten microparticles interfacial network fotified by the acid-heat induction strategy.

The toughening coix seed oil (CSO) high internal phase Pickering emulsion (CSO-HIPES) and gel (CSO-HIPESG) comprised of carrageenan (CR)/super-deamidated-gluten (SDG) micro-particles (CR/SDG) were investigated via acid-heat induction. Results showed polysaccharide natural deep eutectic solvent (P-NADES) by citric acid-glucose-carrageenan ((CGCR), molar ratio at 1:1:0.035) was the crucial for the preparation of SDG (deamidation degree, 99.

Substrate-specific responses to mixing conditions in high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis: Insights from microcrystalline cellulose and dilute-acid pretreated corncob.

This study investigates the mixing effects on the enzymatic hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and dilute-acid pretreated corncob substrates under high-solid conditions. Enzymatic hydrolysis experiments were conducted to assess cellulose conversion rates under varying mixing conditions (0, 50, 150, and 250 rpm) and solids loadings (5 %, 15 %, 25 %, and 35 %, w/v), and distinct physicochemical properties of the substrates were characterized. Additionally, the role of mixing conditions and solid loadings on cellulose hydrolysis kinetics and enzyme adsorption on both substrates and lignin were elucidated.

FADD cooperates with Caspase-8 to positively regulate the innate immune response and promote apoptosis following bacterial infection in Japanese eel.

Fas-associated protein with Death Domain (FADD) is a crucial signaling component of apoptosis and a vital immunomodulator on inflammatory signaling pathways. However, information on FADD-mediated apoptosis and immune regulation is limited in teleost. We herein cloned a FADD homolog, AjFADD, from Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica).

Cell-free hemoglobin released from hemolysis induces programmed cell death through iron overload and oxidative stress in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

Intravascular hemolysis releases hemoglobin (Hb) from red blood cells under specific conditions, yet the effect of hemolysis in aquaculture systems remain poorly understood. In this study, a continuous hemolysis model for grass carp was established by injection of phenylhydrazine (PHZ) to investigate the mechanistic impacts of sustained hemolysis. PHZ-induced hemolysis altered liver color, and subsequent hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed substantial Hb accumulation in the head kidney, accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration and vacuolization in liver tissue.

Blood-based diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study in South Africa and Dominican Republic.

Objectives: Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis is complicated by challenges in obtaining invasive respiratory specimens that frequently contain few Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) bacilli. We report the diagnostic performance of an Mtb antigen-derived peptide (MAP-TB) assay and its ability to monitor TB treatment response.

Methods: Study cohorts enrolled children who presented with presumptive TB at two hospitals in South Africa from 2012 to 2017 (157 children aged <13 years) and at community-based clinics in the Dominican Republic from 2019 to 2023 (101 children aged <18 years).

Parkin modulates the hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment by regulating PD-1/PD-L1 signalling.

Introduction: Parkin-mediated mitophagy is essential for the clearance of damaged mitochondria, and it inhibits tumour development. The role of mitophagy in modulating tumour immunity is becoming clearer, but the underlying mechanism is still poorly understood.

Objective: This study was designed to examine the role for Parkin in the immune microenvironment of liver tumors induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl).

Bisphenol A alters JUN promoter methylation, impairing steroid metabolism in placental cells and linking to sub-representative phenotypes.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used industrial compound commonly found in various everyday plastic products. Known for its endocrine-disrupting properties, BPA can enter the human body through multiple pathways. Prenatal exposure to BPA not only disrupts placental structure and function but also interferes with normal steroid metabolism.

Analysis of long Non-Coding RNA and mRNA expression in Clostridium butyricum-Induced apoptosis in SW480 colon cancer cells.

Colon cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and has been increasingly linked to the gut microbiome. Clostridium butyricum (CB), a probiotic, has demonstrated potential in influencing colon cancer cell behavior, particularly through the modulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs. This study examines the effects of CB on the expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs in SW480 colon cancer cells and their association with apoptosis.

A cross-tissue transcriptome-wide association study identifies new key genes in ischemic stroke.

Background: Ischemic stroke (IS) is an important disease causing death and disability worldwide, and further investigation of IS-related genes through genome-wide association study (GWAS) data is valuable.

Methods: The study included GWAS data from 62,100 IS patients of European origin and 1,234,808 controls in a cross-tissue transcriptome association study (TWAS). A joint analysis was first performed by the Unified Test for Molecular Markers (UTMOST) and FUSION methods.

Identification and characterization of ClAPRR2, a key candidate gene controlling watermelon stripe color.

The stripe color of watermelon is a vital commercial trait and is the focus of attention of consumers and researchers. However, the genetic determinants of watermelon stripe color are incompletely understood. Based on the results of preliminary localization studies, we constructed a large-capacity F generation population (710 plants) using light-green striped ZXG1555 and green-striped Cream of Saskatchewan (COS) watermelon strains as parental lines for fine mapping.