Arginine Hydrochloride Reduce Rectal Mucosal Irritation of Sodium Aescinate: Molecular Docking, Physical Properties, Anti-Hemorrhoidal Activity, Safety and Topical Gel Formulations Investigation.

: Sodium aescinate (SA) is commonly used topically due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-edematous, and anti-swelling properties. However, the clinical application of SA is limited by strong irritation, and cannot be used on the damaged skin and mucous membrane. This study aimed to investigate whether arginine hydrochloride (Arg·HCl) could reduce the rectal mucosal irritation of SA through the formation of a gel.

Enhanced Ocular Bioavailability and Prolonged Duration via Hydrophilic Surface Nanocomposite Vesicles for Topical Drug Administration.

Background: Internal ocular diseases, such as macular edema, uveitis, and diabetic macular edema require precise delivery of therapeutic agents to specific regions within the eye. However, the eye's complex anatomical structure and physiological barriers present significant challenges to drug penetration and distribution. Traditional eye drops suffer from low bioavailability primarily due to rapid clearance mechanisms.

Nanotheranostics in Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis: Advanced Research Progress and Future Perspectives.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women worldwide, with bone being the most common site of all metastatic breast cancer. Bone metastases are often associated with pain and skeletal-related events (SREs), indicating poor prognosis and poor quality of life. Most current therapies for breast cancer bone metastasis primarily serve palliative purposes, focusing on pain management, mitigating the risk of bone-related complications, and inhibiting tumor progression.

Co-Amorphization, Dissolution, and Stability of Quench-Cooled Drug-Drug Coamorphous Supersaturating Delivery Systems with RT-Unstable Amorphous Components.

: Supersaturating drug delivery systems (SDDSs) have gained significant attention as a promising strategy to enhance the solubility and bioabsorption of Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) II drugs. To overcome challenges associated with polymer-based amorphous SDDS (aSDDS), coamorphous (CAM) systems have emerged as a viable alternative. Among them, "drug-drug" CAM (ddCAM) systems show considerable potential for combination drug therapy.

Mechanics of Surface Instabilities in Soft Dielectrics Subject to Electromechanical Loading.

As a category of polymeric materials, soft dielectrics, such as most elastomers and rubber-like materials, have shown great potential for extensive applications in various fields. Owing to their intriguing electromechanical coupling behaviors, the morphological instabilities in soft dielectrics have been an active research field in recent years. In this work, the recent progress in experimental and theoretical research on their electromechanical morphological instabilities is reviewed, especially regarding the theoretical aspect.

A Novel Polytetrahydrofuran-Based Shape Memory Polyurethane Enhanced by Polyglycolide-Block-Polytetrahydrofuran-Block-Polyglycolide Copolymer.

A series of polyurethanes (PU-GT) were prepared using polyglycolide-block-polytetrahydrofuran-block-polyglycolide (PGA-PTHF-PGA), polytetrahydrofuran homopolymer (PTHF), glycerol, and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) by a one-pot synthesis method. The non-isothermal crystallization and subsequent heating curves showed that the PTHF component in these polyurethanes could crystallize in a temperature range of -11.5~2.

The Influence of Fresh Latex Coagulation on the Parameter Characteristics of the Yeoh Hyperelastic Constitutive Model for Natural Rubber.

The coagulation of fresh latex is one of the critical processes that impacts rubber quality during natural rubber processing. Constitutive relationships are the basis for the study of the mechanical properties of rubber materials and serve as a prerequisite for material simulation studies. However, studies on the effect of different coagulation methods on natural rubber constitutive relationships have yet to be carried out, and the current models used for natural rubber constitutive relationships need to be improved.

Predicting Curing Distortion in Composite Manufacturing-A Fast and Cost-Efficient Numerical Simulation Method.

The curing distortion is a critical determinant of the quality of integrally manufactured composite structures, playing a pivotal role in the design and fabrication of composite. This paper presents two simplified methods in predicting the curing distortion for large-scale composite aircraft structures manufactured through the autoclave process. Firstly, the refined finite element models of the two simplified methods were developed.

Fabrication of Polytetrafluoroethylene-Reinforced Fluorocarbon Composite Coatings and Tribological Properties Under Multi-Environment Working Conditions.

Currently, few studies have been conducted on the use of fluorocarbon resin (FEVE) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as adhesive substrates and lubricating and anti-corrosion fillers, respectively, for the fabrication of PTFE-reinforced fluorocarbon composite coatings. In this paper, the tribological properties of polytetrafluoroethylene-reinforced fluorocarbon composite coatings were investigated through orthogonal tests under various operating conditions. The optimal configuration for coating preparation under dry friction and aqueous lubrication was thus obtained: the optimal filler particle size, mass ratio of FEVE to PTFE, spraying pressure, and curing agent content were 50 μm, 3:4.

Clarification of Bio-Degumming Enzymes Based on a Visual Analysis of the Hemp Roving Structure.

Hemp fibers, recognized for their breathability, specific strength, and ultraviolet resistance, are widely utilized in textile manufacturing and composite materials. Bio-degumming is a promising alternative technology to traditional chemical degumming that can be used to produce hemp fibers due to its eco-friendly nature. However, its lower efficiency has hindered its widespread adoption.

Effects of Fiber Orientation on the Bearing Strength of 3D-Printed Composite Materials Produced by Fused Filament Fabrication.

Among 3D printing technologies, fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a fast, simple, and low-cost technology that is being explored in a variety of industries. FFF produces composites using thermoplastic filaments, limiting the applicability of welding. Therefore, mechanical fastening is required to join FFF composites with metals or dissimilar materials.

Layered Composites for High Tan Delta Plateau over Wide Temperature Range.

Tan Delta reflects the viscoelastic behavior of materials, particularly polymers. In most cases, a high Tan Delta value is associated with transitions (such as glass transition or melting), enabling effective damping properties near these temperature ranges. However, achieving a high Tan Delta over a broad temperature range is challenging, particularly for engineering applications that involve significant temperature fluctuations.

Synthesis of a Bimetallic-Doped Phytate-Melamine Composite as an Efficient Additive for Epoxy Resins with High Fire Safety.

The issue of hazardous smoke and toxic gases released from epoxy resins (EP), which often causes casualties in real fires, has limited its application. Therefore, we have developed a novel flame retardant based on a bimetallic-doped phytate-melamine (BPM) structure with Zn and Fe ions incorporated into the polymer matrix using a straightforward solution-based synthetic method. The combustion performance of the composite was evaluated using a cone calorimeter test, which showed that the peak heat release, total heat release, and total smoke production were reduced by 50%, 31.

The Catalytic Degradation of Waste PU and the Preparation of Recycled Materials.

In this paper, we investigated the efficient metal-free phosphorus-nitrogen (PN) catalyst and used the PN catalyst to degrade waste PU with two-component binary mixed alcohols as the alcohol solvent. We examined the effects of reaction temperature, time, and other factors on the hydroxyl value and viscosity of the degradation products; focused on the changing rules of the hydroxyl value, viscosity, and molecular weight of polyols recovered from degradation products with different dosages of the metal-free PN catalyst; and determined the optimal experimental conditions of reaction temperature 180 °C, reaction time 3 h, and PN dosage 0.08%.

Stretchable Thermochromic Fluorescent Fibers Based on Self-Crystallinity Phase Change for Smart Wearable Displays.

Smart fibers with tunable luminescence properties, as a new form of visual output, present the potential to revolutionize personal living habits in the future and are receiving more and more attention. However, a huge challenge of smart fibers as wearable materials is their stretching capability for seamless integration with the human body. Herein, stretchable thermochromic fluorescent fibers are prepared based on self-crystallinity phase change, using elastic polyurethane (PU) as the fiber matrix, to meet the dynamic requirements of the human body.

Influence of Operating Temperature on Crack Growth Characteristics and Fatigue Life Prediction of Carbon Black-Filled Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber.

Rubber is widely used in situations involving cyclic loads, and the influence of temperature on rubber properties is particularly pronounced under cyclic loading. In this study, mechanical property tests and crack propagation tests of carbon black-filled hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber were conducted at four different operating temperatures. Based on the results of the crack propagation tests, the temperature-dependent characteristics of the Paris-Erdogan parameters and strain energy density were clarified.

Effect of High-Energy Electron Beam Irradiation on the Structure and Thermoelectric Properties of Polypyrrole.

The effects of different doses (10-100 kGy) of electron beams on the molecular structure, microstructure, and thermoelectric properties of polypyrrole (PPy) under high-energy electron beam irradiation (10 MeV) were studied. The results showed that after electron beam irradiation, the conductivity of PPy increased slightly, but the Seebeck coefficient and power factor remained relatively stable. The structural analysis of FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction indicated that the molecular structure of PPy was strongly stable, and its microstructure was only slightly affected by electron beam irradiation.

Investigation into the Reinforcement Modification of Natural Plant Fibers and the Sustainable Development of Thermoplastic Natural Plant Fiber Composites.

Natural plant fibers (NPFs) have emerged as a sustainable alternative in the manufacture of composites due to their renewability and low environmental impact. This has led to a significant increase in the use of natural plant fiber-reinforced polymers (NPFRPs) in a variety of industries. The diversity of NPF types brings a wide range of properties and functionalities to NPFRPs, which in turn highlights the urgent need to improve the properties of fiber materials in order to enhance their performance and suitability.

Dynamic Boronic Ester Cross-Linked Polymers with Tunable Properties via Side-Group Engineering.

The development of dynamic covalent materials with repairability, reprocessability, and recyclability is crucial for sustainable development. In this work, we report a new strategy to adjust the thermomechanical properties of boronic ester cross-linked poly(β-hydroxyl amine)s through side-group engineering. By tuning the side groups of the poly(β-hydroxyl amine)s, we have developed self-healable, reprocessable, and shape-programmable materials.

Thermal Resistance Enhancement and Wettability Amelioration of Poly(benzimidazole-aramid) Film by Silica Nanocomposites.

Polybenzimidazole (PBI) is a high-performance polymer known for its excellent thermal stability, mechanical strength, and chemical resistance, attributes that are derived from its unique structure comprising repeated benzene and imidazole rings. However, limitations such as relatively low thermal stability and moisture sensitivity restrict its application as a super engineering plastic. In this study, amide groups are incorporated into the PBI backbone to synthesize the copolymer poly(BI--A), effecting a structural modification at the molecular level.

Switchable Solvent for Separation and Extraction of Lignin from Lignocellulose Biomass: An Investigation of Chemical Structure and Molecular Weight.

Lignin, the most abundant natural aromatic polymer, holds considerable promise for applications in various industries. The primary obstacle to the valorization of lignin into useful materials is its low molecular weight and diminished chemical reactivity, attributable to its intricate structure. This study aimed to treat lignocellulosic biomass using a switchable solvent (DBU-HexOH/HO) derived from the non-nucleophilic superbase 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.

Effects of Phenoxazine Chromophore on Optical, Electrochemical and Electrochromic Behaviors of Carbazole-Thiophene Derivatives.

Phenoxazine, as an organic-small-molecule chromophore, has attracted much attention for its potential electrochromic applications recently. To develop appealing materials, phenoxazine chromophores were introduced at the N-position of carbazole-thiophene pigment, yielding two novel monomers (DTCP and DDCP), whose chemical structures were characterized by NMR, HRMS and FTIR. The results of the optical property study indicate that little influence could be observed in the presence of the phenoxazine chromophore.

Fabrication and Performance Regulation of Lightweight Porous Electromagnetic Absorbing Materials via CO Nucleation-Free Foaming of EP.

In this study, CO reacted with a curing agent through nucleophilic addition to form ammonium salts, enabling the stable capture and internal release of CO, which achieved gas-phase nucleation and foaming. Additionally, the introduction of wave-absorbing agents improved the absorption mechanism and promoted uniform foaming. This nucleation-free foaming process relies on the induced growth of gas nuclei and the synergistic effect of the wave-absorbing agents, effectively preventing the uneven foaming issues caused by traditional nucleating agents.

Flexible Phase Change Materials with High Energy Storage Density Based on Porous Carbon Fibers.

Phase change fibers (PCFs) can effectively store and release heat, improve energy efficiency, and provide a basis for a wide range of energy applications. Improving energy storage density and preserving flexibility are the primary issues in the efficient manufacture and application development of PCFs. Herein, we have successfully fabricated a suite of flexible PCFs with high energy storage density, which use hollow carbon fibers (HCFs) encapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) to provide efficient heat storage and release, thereby enhancing energy efficiency and underpinning a broad range of energy applications.

Preparation and Characterization of Highly Conductive PVDF/PAN Conjugate Electrospun Fibrous Membranes with Embedded Silver Nanoparticles.

This study reports the development of highly conductive and stretchable fibrous membranes based on PVDF/PAN conjugate electrospinning with embedded silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for wearable sensing applications. The fabrication process integrated conjugate electrospinning of PVDF/PAN, selective dissolution of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to create porous networks, and uniform AgNP incorporation via adsorption-reduction. Systematic optimization revealed that 10 wt.