Recent Progress in Bismuth Vanadate-Based Photocatalysts for Photodegradation Applications.

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO), a well-known semiconductor photocatalyst with various advantages, has shown great potential in addressing energy and environmental issues. However, its inherent drawbacks restrict the photocatalytic performance of pure BiVO. In the past few years, many efforts have been devoted to improving the catalytic activity of BiVO and revealing the degradation mechanism in depth.

Design Strategies of S Molecule Cathodes for Room-Temperature Na-S Batteries.

Sodium-sulfur batteries have been provided as a highly attractive solution for large-scale energy storage, benefiting from their substantial storage capacity, the abundance of raw materials, and cost-effectiveness. Nevertheless, conventional sodium-sulfur batteries have been the subject of critique due to their high operating temperature and costly maintenance. In contrast, room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries exhibit significant advantages in these regards.

Synthesis of Silicon Dioxide (SiO) Nanowires via a Polyethylene Glycol-Based Emulsion Template Method in Isopropanol.

Typical wet-chemical methods for the preparation of silica nanowires use polyvinylpyrrolidone and n-pentanol. This study presents a polyethylene glycol-based emulsion template method for the synthesis of SiO nanowires (SiONWs) in isopropanol. By systematically optimizing key parameters (type of solvent, polyethylene glycol molecular weight and dosage, dosage of sodium citrate, ammonium and tetraethyl orthosilicate, incubation temperature and time), SiONWs with diameters about 530 nm were obtained.

A Comprehensive Review of High Burn-Up Structure Formation in UO: Mechanisms, Interactions, and Future Directions.

In the rim zone of UO nuclear fuel pellets, high burn-up and low temperatures drive changes in the microstructure, leading to the formation of high burn-up structures (HBS). This review focuses on the formation of HBS, beginning with a description of the two contentious mechanisms-recrystallization and polygonization-that are believed to be the primary controlling factors. We discuss experimental and simulation studies that support both mechanisms, emphasizing that although each mechanism can explain certain aspects of HBS formation, neither recrystallization nor polygonization alone is sufficient to fully explain the observed phenomena.

Longitudinal Multi-Channel Focused Vortex and Vector Beams Generation by Quarter-Wave Plate Meta-Atom Metasurfaces.

Metasurface-based longitudinal modulation introduces the propagation distance as a new degree of freedom, extending the light modulation with metasurfaces from 2D to 3D space. However, relevant longitudinal studies have been constrained to designing the metasurface of half-wave plate (HWP) meta-atoms and generating either non-focused or two-channel vortex and vector beams. In this study, we propose a metasurface composed of quarter-wave plate (QWP) meta-atoms to generate the longitudinal multi-channel focused vortex and vector beams.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study on the Influence of Twin Spacing and Temperature on the Deformation Behavior of Nanotwinned AgPd Alloy.

This study employs molecular dynamics simulations to unravel the interplay between twin spacing, temperature, and mechanical response in nanotwinned AgPd alloys. For fine-grained systems, a dual strengthening-softening transition emerges as twin spacing decreases, driven by a shift in dislocation behavior from inclined-to-twin-boundary slip to parallel-to-twin-boundary glide. In contrast, coarse-grained configurations exhibit monotonic strengthening with reduced twin spacing, governed by strain localization at grain boundaries and suppressed dislocation activity.

BiOBr/Coal Gangue-Based SAPO-5 Molecular Sieve Nanocomposite for Enhanced Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue.

The accumulation of organic pollutants and solid waste is one of the major environmental challenges faced globally. Establishing an efficient recycling system for solid waste and designing cost-effective, high-performance photocatalysts are urgent tasks for the removal of organic pollutants from water. This study utilizes coal gangue as the precursor to synthesize a coal gangue-based phosphorus-silicon-aluminum molecular sieve (SAPO-5) via hydrothermal synthesis.

Improved you only look once 8n algorithm-based rotor attitude detection for a spherical motor.

Rotor attitude detection (RAD) is one of the key technologies to control permanent magnet spherical motors (PMSpM). This paper proposes an improved you only look once v8n (YOLOv8n) based RAD method for a PMSpM. The visual image datasets collection and annotation method are described, and three different visual feature objects are set for the RAD.

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The Beneficial Role of the Thyroid Hormone Receptor Beta 2 () in Facilitating the First Feeding and Subsequent Growth in Medaka as Fish Larval Model.

During the early growth stages of fish larvae, there are significant challenges to their viability, so improving their visual environment is essential to promoting their growth and survival. Following the successful knockout of thyroid hormone receptor beta 2 () using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology, there was an increase in the expression of UV opsin (short-wave-sensitive 1, ), while the expression of other cone opsins was significantly decreased. Further analysis of the retinal structure demonstrated that the knockout resulted in an increased lens thickness and a decreased thickness of the ganglion cell layer (GCL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), and outer nuclear layer (ONL) in the retina.

The LSmAD Domain of Ataxin-2 Modulates the Structure and RNA Binding of Its Preceding LSm Domain.

Ataxin-2 (Atx2), an RNA-binding protein, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of RNA, intracellular metabolism, and translation within the cellular environment. Although both the Sm-like (LSm) and LSm-associated (LSmAD) domains are considered to associated with RNA binding, there is still a lack of experimental evidence supporting their functions. To address this, we designed and constructed several recombinants containing the RNA-binding domain (RBD) of Atx2.

Regulates Muscle Growth and Development by Targeting .

Non-coding genes, such as microRNA and lncRNA, which have been widely studied, play an important role in the regulatory network of skeletal muscle development. However, the functions and mechanisms of most non-coding RNAs in skeletal muscle regulatory networks are unclear. This study investigated the function and mechanism of in muscle growth and development.

Research Progress on the Immune Function of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells in Sepsis.

Sepsis is a complex clinical syndrome closely associated with the occurrence of acute organ dysfunction and is often characterized by high mortality. Due to the rapid progression of sepsis, early diagnosis and intervention are crucial. Recent research has focused on exploring the pathological response involved in the process of sepsis.

THz Waves Improve Spatial Working Memory by Increasing the Activity of Glutamatergic Neurons in Mice.

Terahertz (THz) waves, a novel type of radiation with quantum and electronic properties, have attracted increasing attention for their effects on the nervous system. Spatial working memory, a critical component of higher cognitive function, is coordinated by brain regions such as the infralimbic cortex (IL) region of the medial prefrontal cortex and the ventral cornu ammonis 1 (vCA1) of hippocampus. However, the regulatory effects of THz waves on spatial working memory and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Modification of RNF183 via m6A Methylation Mediates Podocyte Dysfunction in Diabetic Nephropathy by Regulating PKM2 Ubiquitination and Degradation.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a prevalent complication associated with diabetes in which podocyte dysfunction significantly contributes to the development and progression of the condition. Ring finger protein 183 (RNF183) is an ER-localized, transmembrane ring finger protein with classical E3 ligase activity. However, whether RNF183 is involved in glomerular podocyte dysfunction, which is the mechanism of action of DKD, is still poorly understood.

The Role of TIM-3 in Glioblastoma Progression.

Several immunoregulatory or immune checkpoint receptors including T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) have been implicated in glioblastoma progression. Rigorous investigation over the last decade has elucidated TIM-3 as a key player in inhibiting immune cell activation and several key associated molecules have been identified both upstream and downstream that mediate immune cell dysfunction mechanistically. However, despite several reviews being published on other immune checkpoint molecules such as PD-1 and CTLA-4 in the glioblastoma setting, no such extensive review exists that specifically focuses on the role of TIM-3 in glioblastoma progression and immunosuppression.

Finerenone Alleviates Over-Activation of Complement C5a-C5aR1 Axis of Macrophages by Regulating G Protein Subunit Alpha i2 to Improve Diabetic Nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), accounts for a major cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) worldwide, with a complicated pathogenesis and limited effective strategies nowadays. The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is a classical ligand-activated nuclear transcription factor. It is expressed in the renal intrinsic and immune cells, especially macrophages.

-Induced Liver Damage Through Ferroptosis in Rat Model.

(1) Background: (CE) is an -induced worldwide parasitic zoonosis and is a recognized public health and socio-economic concern. The liver is the major target organ for CE's infective form protoscolex (PSCs), which causes serious liver damage and endangers the host's life. Reports show that PSC infection causes liver cell Fe metabolism disorder and abnormal deposition of Fe in liver cells and results in liver cell death.

The Roles of Distinct Transcriptional Factors in the Innate Immunity of .

Deleterious molecules or factors produced by pathogens can hinder the normal physiological functioning of organisms. In response to these survival challenges, organisms rely on innate immune signaling as their first line of defense, which regulates immune-responsive genes and antimicrobial peptides to protect against pathogenic infections. These genes are under the control of transcription factors, which are known to regulate the transcriptional activity of genes after binding to their regulatory sequences.

Multiple Intra-Articular Injections of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Canine Osteoarthritis Treatment.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common degenerative diseases in dogs and humans, which can lead to articular cartilage deterioration, chronic pain, and decreased quality of life. The anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, analgesic, and cartilage regeneration properties of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy provide a new direction for the treatment development of OA in the future. Currently, MSC therapy lacks confirmed ideal sources, dosages, formulations, and specific characteristics.

Strategies to Overcome Antigen Heterogeneity in CAR-T Cell Therapy.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) gene-modified T-cell therapy has achieved significant success in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, this therapy has not yet made breakthroughs in the treatment of solid tumors and still faces issues of resistance and relapse in hematological cancers. A major reason for these problems is the antigenic heterogeneity of tumor tissues.

Continuous R-DA-EDOCH alternated with high-dose Ara-C induces deep remission and overcomes high-risk factors in young patients with newly diagnosed mantle cell lymphoma.

Objective: Our previous studies have indicated potentially higher proliferative activity of tumor cells in Chinese patients with mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) than those in Western. Given the success and tolerability of R-DA-EDOCH immunochemotherapy in treating aggressive B-cell lymphomas, we designed a prospective, phase 3 trial to explore the efficacy and safety of alternating R-DA-EDOCH/R-DHAP induction therapy for young patients with newly diagnosed MCL. The primary endpoint was the complete remission rate (CRR) at the end of induction (EOI).

Designing Polar Covalent Hybrid Cadmium-Based Chalcohalides Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Crystal with Strong Optical Anisotropy via Double-Site Dual FBUs Tailoring.

The pressing demand for both established and innovative technologies to expand laser wavelengths has rendered high-performance nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals with large optical anisotropy indispensable. Here, centrosymmetric [SHC(NH)]CdBr (1) and pseudo-2D layered [SC(NH)]CdBr (2), as well as pseudo-3D noncentrosymmetric [SC(NH)]CdCl (3) are successfully synthesized through the introduction of π-conjugated SC(NH) groups. Compared to ionic compound 1 containing full-halogen coordination tetrahedra, covalent compounds 2 and 3 featuring novel polar [SC(NH)]CdX (X = Br, Cl) tetrahedral units demonstrate enhanced bandgaps (>4 eV) and birefringences (>0.

Intrinsic Capacity Trajectories: Implications for Subsequent Falls and Hospitalizations among Older Adults.

Background: Intrinsic capacity (IC) is the composite of an individual's physical and mental capacities. However, the association between IC trajectories and falls and hospitalizations remains uncertain. This study aimed to determine the IC trajectories among older adults, investigating its association with subsequent risk of falls and hospitalizations.