Ruthenium-Catalyzed Asymmetric -Selective Hydrogenation of 2,3-Disubstituted Quinoxaline Derivatives.

The asymmetric -selective hydrogenation of arenes has long been a significant challenge. In this work, we were able to control the / selectivity in ruthenium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of 2,3-disubstituted quinoxalines by varying the catalyst counteranion. Using density functional theory calculations, we investigated the weak interactions─such as CH/π and hydrogen bonding─among the counteranion, the catalyst framework, and the substrate, elucidating the fundamental influence of counteranions on / selectivity in the asymmetric hydrogenation of quinoxalines.

Unraveling Compressive Strain and Oxygen Vacancy Effect of Iridium Oxide for Proton-Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers.

Iridium-based electrocatalysts are commonly regarded as the sole stable operating acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts in proton-exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE), but the linear scaling relationship (LSR) of multiple reaction intermediates binding inhibits the enhancement of its activity. Herein, the compressive strain and oxygen vacancy effect exists in iridium dioxide (IrO)-based catalyst by a doping engineering strategy for efficient acidic OER activity. In situ synchrotron characterizations elucidate that compressive strain can enhance Ir─O covalency and reduce the Ir─Ir bond distance, and oxygen vacancy (O) as an electronic regulator causes rapid adsorption of water molecules on the Ir and adjacent Ov (Ir─O) pair site to be coupled directly into O─O intermediates.

Differential Neurogenesis Status Among Achalasia Subtypes.

Backgrounds And Aims: Achalasia is an acquired esophageal neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by selective loss of inhibitory neurons in the myenteric plexus of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The Enteric neural precursor cell (ENPC) is essential in maintaining neurogenesis, but its role in achalasia pathogenesis is unknown. This study aimed to explore the neurogenesis status in the LES among achalasia patients.

Dual Type-II Colloidal Quantum Wells for Efficient Nonlinear Optical Limiting.

Colloidal II-VI nanocrystals have garnered significant research attention in nonlinear optical applications due to their low-cost synthesis, photophysical tunability, and ease of device integration. Herein, we report that dual-type II CdSe/CdTe/CdSe colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) with core/crown/crown structures achieve remarkable nonlinear optical limiting capabilities driven by an exceptionally large nonlinear absorption coefficient. Open aperture -scan reveals that these dual-type II CQWs exhibit a third-order nonlinear absorption coefficient of 33.

Architecting of All-Cellulose-Based Wicking Fabric for a Large-Scale, Low-Cost, and Highly Efficient Solar Desalination Evaporator.

Interfacial solar vapor generation (ISVG) technology has been considered a promising and sustainable strategy for seawater desalination and wastewater treatment. However, its practical application is greatly limited due to severe salt accumulation and poor long-term evaporation stability. Herein, an all-cellulose-based wicking fabric (CB@CA/CF) is fabricated via a breath figure template (BFT) method for high-performance and stable desalination.

Tailoring Self-Catalytic N─Co Bonds into Heterostructure Architectures: Deciphering Polytellurides Conversion Mechanism Toward Ultralong-Lifespan Potassium Ion Storage.

Transition metal tellurides (TMTes) are promising anodes for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) due to their high theoretical specific capacity and impressive electronic conductivity. Nevertheless, TMTes suffer from persistent capacity degradation due to the large volume expansion, high ion-diffusion energy barriers, and the dissolution/shuttle of potassium polytellurides (KTe). Herein, a heterostructured CoTe composite equipped with a self-catalytic center (N-CoTe/LTTC) is developed, exploiting its low-tortuosity tunneling, chemical tunability, and self-catalytic properties to elevate cycling stability to new heights.

Mesoporous Nanogel Sprays as Universal Evaporation Interface Modifiers for Boosting Water-Cluster Evaporation.

Accelerating water evaporation is vital for processes like photosynthesis, dehydration, and desalination. Optimizing the pore structure and interfacial properties of evaporative materials can reduce evaporation enthalpy and increase efficiency. However, integrating the evaporation interface with water transport channels poses significant design challenges and complicates low-enthalpy evaporation analysis.

A Comprehensive Review of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Management of Ulcerative Colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, nonspecific inflammatory disorder characterized by symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, hematochezia, and urgency during defecation. While the primary site of involvement is the colon, UC can extend to encompass the entire rectum and colon. The causes and development mechanisms of UC are still not well understood; nonetheless, it is currently held that factors including environmental influences, genetic predispositions, intestinal mucosal integrity, gut microbiota composition, and immune dysregulation contribute to its development.

Highly Stable, Excellent Foliar Adhesion and Anti-Photodegradation Nucleic Acid-Peptide Coacervates for Broad Agrochemicals Delivery.

Agrochemicals play a pivotal role in the management of pests and diseases and the way agrochemicals are utilized exerts significant impacts on the environment. Ensuring rational application and improving utilization rates of agrochemicals are major demands in developing green delivery systems. Herein, a model of nucleic acid-peptide coacervate (NPC) for agrochemical delivery is presented, which is formed by mixing negatively charged single-stranded DNAs with positively charged poly-L-lysine.

Co-Delivery of Morphologically Switchable Au Nanowire and Hemoglobin-Resveratrol Nanoparticles in the Microneedle for Diabetic Wound Healing Therapy.

Diabetic wounds are a common complication of diabetes and pose a significant threat to human health. High glucose concentration in the wound remains a major obstacle, necessitating effective strategies to achieve sustained glucose consumption for synergistic diabetic wound therapy. In this study, an Au-based nanomaterial is developed that can adjust its morphology in different therapeutic processes.

Exploring Carbon Dots for Biological Lasers.

Biological lasers, representing innovative miniaturized laser technology, hold immense potential in the fields of biological imaging, detection, sensing, and medical treatment. However, the reported gain media for biological lasers encounter several challenges complex preparation procedures, high cost, toxicity concerns, limited biocompatibility, and stability issues along with poor processability and tunability. These drawbacks have impeded the sustainable development of biological lasers.

Double-Angling-Subspace Enabled Laser-Induced Fluorescence Method for Determining the Types and Mass Ratio of Marine Microplastics.

Currently, the laser-induced fluorescence method faces challenges in reliably determining the types and mass ratios of marine microplastics due to overlapped fluorescence spectra of different microplastics. To address this issue, this paper proposes a double-angling-subspace (DAS) method to differentiate the overlapped fluorescence spectra. The key idea is to span subspaces with vectors converted by known fluorescence spectra, followed by calculating the angle between vectors and subspaces.

Galvanic Cell Bipolar Microneedle Patches for Reversing Photoaging Wrinkles.

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major factor in the development of skin photoaging wrinkles. While current treatments can slow the progression of photoaging, it is very difficult to achieve complete reversal. This study introduces galvanic cell microneedle (GCMN) patches with magnesium-containing bipolar electrodes.

Tracking In Vivo Lipolysis of Lipid Nanocarriers Using NIR-II Polarity-Sensitive Fluorescent Probes.

Elucidating in vivo lipolysis is crucial for clarifying the underlying mechanisms and in vivo fates of lipid-based nanocarriers, which are essential oral drug delivery carriers. Current mainstream methodologies use various in vitro digestion models to predict the in vivo performance of lipid formulations; however, their accuracy is often impeded by the complicated environment of the gastrointestinal tract. Although fluorescence labeling with conventional probes partly reveals the in vivo translocation of lipid nanocarriers, it fails to elucidate the lipolysis process because of poor signal discrimination among nanocarriers, free probes, and mixed micelles (lipolysis end-products).

Dentoskeletal characteristics of non-syndromic pierre robin sequence and isolated incomplete cleft palate children: a retrospective case control study.

Background: Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) is characterized by micrognathia, glossoptosis, and upper airway obstruction. This study aimed to compare the dentoskeletal characteristics of children diagnosed with non-syndromic PRS and those with cleft palate.

Methods: This study was conducted on the non-syndromic PRS patients in the database of our hospital.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of s under various stress treatment in .

Unlabelled: The cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP450) are the largest enzyme family in plant metabolism, playing a key role in the biosynthesis of both primary and secondary metabolites. However, the CYP450 has not yet been systematically characterized in Dendrobium species. In this study, 193 genes were identified in the genome of through bioinformatics, and divided into 2 groups and 10 clans.

Survival benefits of postoperative radiotherapy in esophageal cancer during the immunotherapy era:a retrospective cohort study based on the SEER database and a single-center registry in China.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the survival benefits of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in patients with resectable esophageal cancer (EC) after neoadjuvant therapy in the Immunotherapy era.

Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective cohort study, which included a total of 733 patients with EC from the SEER database and a single-center cohort. We used propensity score matching (PSM) to equilibrate patient characteristics.

Ferroptosis and cuproptosis in periodontitis: recent biological insights and therapeutic advances.

Periodontitis is a significant global public health issue associated with the onset and progression of various systemic diseases, thereby requiring additional research and clinical attention. Although ferroptosis and cuproptosis have emerged as significant areas of research in the medical field, their precise roles in the pathogenesis of periodontitis remain unclear. We aim to systematically summarize the current research on ferroptosis and cuproptosis in periodontal disease and investigate the roles of glutathione pathway and autophagy pathway in connecting ferroptosis and cuproptosis during periodontitis.

Influence of gut microbial metabolites on tumor immunotherapy: mechanisms and potential natural products.

In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has made significant breakthroughs in the treatment of malignant tumors. However, individual differences in efficacy have been observed in clinical practice. There is increasing evidence that gut microbial metabolites influence the efficacy of distal tumor immunotherapy via the gut-liver axis, the gut-brain axis and the gut-breast axis, a process that may involve modulating the expression of immune cells and cytokines in the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Identification and functional characterization of T-cell exhaustion-associated lncRNA AL031775.1 in osteosarcoma: a novel therapeutic target.

Background: Osteosarcoma, an aggressive bone malignancy predominantly affecting children and adolescents, presents significant therapeutic challenges with a 5-year survival rate below 30% in metastatic cases. T-cell exhaustion, characterized by the overexpression of immune checkpoint molecules, contributes to osteosarcoma progression and immune evasion. Although targeting these inhibitory pathways has shown potential in restoring T-cell activity, the molecular regulators of T-cell depletion in osteosarcoma are poorly understood.

Integrated multiomics analysis and machine learning refine neutrophil extracellular trap-related molecular subtypes and prognostic models for acute myeloid leukemia.

Background: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play pivotal roles in various pathological processes. The formation of NETs is impaired in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which can result in immunodeficiency and increased susceptibility to infection.

Methods: The gene set variation analysis (GSVA) algorithm was employed for the calculation of NET score, while the consensus clustering algorithm was utilized to identify molecular subtypes.

Bioinformatics analysis reveals novel tumor antigens and immune subtypes of skin cutaneous melanoma contributing to mRNA vaccine development.

Introduction: Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is a common malignant skin cancer with high mortality and recurrence rates. Although the mRNA vaccine is a promising strategy for cancer treatment, its application against SKCM remains confusing. In this study, we employed computational bioinformatics analysis to explore SKCM-associated antigens for an mRNA vaccine and suitable populations for vaccination.

The role of mA modification during macrophage metabolic reprogramming in human diseases and animal models.

Macrophage metabolic reprogramming refers to the process by which macrophages adjust their physiological pathways to meet survival and functional demands in different immune microenvironments. This involves a range of metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, and cholesterol transport. By modulating the expression and activity of key enzymes and molecules within these pathways, macrophages can make the transition between pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotypes, thereby linking metabolic reprogramming to inflammatory responses and the progression of several diseases, such as atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and acute lung injury (ALI).

Case Report: Complete response to four cycles of camrelizumab in a PD-L1 negative patient with advanced oral squamous cancer.

Immunotherapy has brought better survival benefits in the treatment of recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC). However, owing to the lack of relevant biomarkers that could predict the efficacy of this treatment, it often has to be maintained. Here we report on a patient with stage IVA squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue who developed an unresectable lesion in the neck after surgery and radical chemoradiotherapy.