Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter components with obesity in children and adolescents in China: The age-sex disparities and key effect modifiers.

Long-term fine particulate matter (PM) exposure was associated with childhood obesity. However, the key PM components and whether PM effect may vary by obesity type, growth stage, sex, and individual/family characteristics have yet been examined. In this study, we investigated 213,907 Chinese children and adolescents aged 3-18 years in 2017-2019.

Edaphic factors mediate the response of nitrogen cycling and related enzymatic activities and functional genes to heavy metals: A review.

Soil nitrogen (N) transformations control N availability and plant production and pose environmental concerns when N is lost, raising issues such as soil acidification, water contamination, and climate change. Former studies suggested that soil N cycling is chiefly regulated by microbial activity; however, emerging evidence indicates that this regulation is disrupted by heavy metal (HM) contamination, which alters microbial communities and enzyme functions critical to N transformations. Environmental factors like soil organic carbon, soil texture, water content, temperature, soil pH, N fertilization, and redox status play significant roles in modulating the response of soil N cycling to HM contamination.

Curculigoside exhibits multiple therapeutic efficacy to induce apoptosis and ferroptosis in osteosarcoma via modulation of ROS and tumor microenvironment.

Objective: Patients with osteosarcoma (OS) exhibit metastasis upon diagnosis, and the condition frequently acquires resistance to traditional chemotherapy treatments, failing the therapy. The objective of this research was to examine the impact of curculigoside (Cur), a key phenolic compound discovered in the rhizome of C. orchioides Gaertn, on OS cells and the surrounding tumor environment.

Potential emission risks of organic compounds from cement kilns.

The extensive application of cement kiln industry results in substantial stack gas emissions, posing a potential risk of discharging organic pollutants. Cement industry is not considered as a primary contributor to persistent organic pollutants like polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), owing to its extremely low emission factor. However, knowledge on the previously unrecognized chemicals that may possess higher emission factors from cement industry is lacking.

Comparative study of the toxicity responses of Vallisneria natans and Pistia stratiotes to sulfadiazine under different planting methods.

Sulfonamides are receiving increased attention due to their persistence in the environment and potential ecological risks. However, there are currently relatively few studies on the toxicity response of aquatic plants grown under the single and mixed planting methods to sulfadiazine (SD). This study investigated the response of the Vallisneria natans (Lour.

Sensitivity-enhanced hydrogel digital RT-LAMP with in situ enrichment and interfacial reaction for norovirus quantification in food and water.

Low levels of human norovirus (HuNoV) in food and environment present challenges for nucleic acid detection. This study reported an evaporation-enhanced hydrogel digital reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (HD RT-LAMP) with interfacial enzymatic reaction for sensitive HuNoV quantification in food and water. By drying samples on a chamber array chip, HuNoV particles were enriched in situ.

Polylactic acid microplastics before and after aging induced neurotoxicity in zebrafish by disrupting the microbiota-gut-brain axis.

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable alternative to traditional plastics due to its excellent biocompatibility. However, PLA is challenging to fully degrade and can easily become microplastics (MPs) in surface water, a process accompanied by aging. This study found that aged PLA (APLA) MPs exhibited increased surface roughness, decreased surface potential, and more oxygen-containing functional groups compared to PLA.

Higher potential leaching of inorganic and organic additives from biodegradable compared to conventional agricultural plastic mulch film.

Plastic mulch films support global food security, however, their composition and the potential release rates of organic, metal and metalloid co-contaminants remains relatively unknown. This study evaluates the low molecular weight organic additives, metal and metalloid content and leaching from low density polyethylene (LDPE) and biodegradable plastic mulch films. We identified 59 organic additives, and non-intentionally added substances in the new LDPE films (39.

TiCT/Au NPs/PPy ternary heterostructure-based intra-capacitive self-powered sensor for DEHP detection.

Phthalate esters, particularly di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), are widely used plasticizers found in various consumer products, posing significant environmental and health risks due to their endocrine-disrupting effects. In this study, a novel enzyme-free intra-capacitive biofuel cell self-powered sensor (ICBFC-SPS) was developed. The ICBFC-SPS integrated a ternary heterostructure-based capacitive anode and a cathode with a sensing interface into a single-chamber electrolytic cell.

Deep eutectic solvent induced silver-gel as a flexible SERS substrate for sensitive detection of antibiotics under low temperature conditions.

Antibiotic residues pose a significant threat to global health. Traditional detection methods for antibiotics are cumbersome, time-consuming and often incapable of achieving non-destructive detection at low temperatures. This research introduces a groundbreaking innovation in antibiotic detection: a flexible Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering substrate based on a silver composite deep eutectic solvent (DES) gel, specifically engineered for low-temperature antibiotic detection.

A-D-A type fluorescent probe with dual quaternary-ammonium-salt anchors for turn on detection of HSA in wide emission gamut.

Human serum albumin (HSA) is a key protein implicates in various physiological and pathological conditions such as renal injury, diabetes mellitus. Herein, we report an AIE-active fluorescent probe (DNI-4) for detection of HSA with a "turn on" response covering visible and near-infrared region (500 - 800 nm). Combining with a triphenylamine and two 1,8-naphthalimide moieties, the chromophore segment of DNI-4 forms a "A-D-A" type molecular architecture with the twisted intramolecular charge transfer property.

Ultrasound-assisted cold plasma treatment reduces resistance to in vitro digestion of tropomyosin and Allergenicity of tropomyosin digestion products.

Tropomyosin (TM), the primary allergen in crustacean aquatic products, has excellent thermal and digestive stability. In this work, the changes in digestive resistance of TM and allergenicity of TM digestion products induced by ultrasound-assisted cold plasma (UCP) treatment were investigated. The stability of TM to simulated digestion were reduced, especially the simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) digestive resistance.

Modification of black soybean (Glycine max(L.)merr.) residue insoluble dietary fiber with ultrasonic, microwave, high temperature and high-pressure, and extrusion.

Recent studies have emphasized the modification of Insoluble Dietary Fiber (IDF) to enhance its physicochemical properties and functional performance. This study systematically examined the effects of ultrasonic treatment, microwave irradiation, high-temperature and high-pressure processing, and screw extrusion on the physicochemical characteristics, in vitro antioxidant activity, and adsorption capacities of High-Purity Insoluble Dietary Fiber (HPIDF) derived from black bean residues. Although these physical modifications did not alter the functional group composition or crystalline structure of HPIDF, they significantly enhanced its porosity, water-holding capacity (WHC), oil-holding capacity (OHC), and adsorption capacities for glucose, cholesterol, bile salts, and metal ions.

Lignin-containing nanofiber-reinforced flexible strain sensors with excellent mechanical properties and ionic conductivity for human motion detection.

A multifunctional hydrogel with outstanding mechanical properties and excellent ionic conductivity holds immense potential for applications in various fields, such as healthcare monitoring, and various devices, such as wearable devices and flexible electronics. However, developing hydrogels that combine high mechanical strength with efficient electrical conductivity remains a considerable challenge. Herein, an ion-conductive hydrogel with excellent mechanical properties and ionic conductivity is successfully created.

The Impact of Data Control and Delayed Discounting on the Public's Willingness to Share Different Types of Health Care Data: Empirical Study.

Background: Health data typically include patient-generated data and clinical medical data. Different types of data contribute to disease prevention, precision medicine, and the overall improvement of health care. With the introduction of regulations such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), individuals play a key role in the sharing and application of personal health data.

Disturbed hierarchy and mediation in reward-related circuits in depression.

Backgrounds/objective: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has proved the viability of alleviating depression symptoms by stimulating deep reward-related nuclei. This study aims to investigate the abnormal connectivity profiles among superficial, intermediate, and deep brain regions within the reward circuit in major depressive disorder (MDD) and therefore provides references for identifying potential superficial cortical targets for non-invasive neuromodulation.

Methods: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from a cohort of depression patients (N = 52) and demographically matched healthy controls (N = 60).

Preparation of Mg/Al-LDH@HC composite with low concentration hydrochloric acid modified for phosphate removal from aqueous solution: Synthesis, adsorption performance and mechanism.

With high microporosity, good dispersibility, excellent specific surface area and large content surface functional group, hydrochar demonstrates significant advantages and strong affinity towards pollutants in water. Modification method plays a significant role for anion adsorption by modified hydrochar, layered double hydroxide (LDH) modified hydrocarbons (Mg/Al-LDH@HC-HCl) have been synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal approach and activated with hydrochloric acid in this paper. The physical and chemical characteristics of the hydrochar, both before and after modification, are analyzed using BET, SEM-EDS, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and XPS to explore the phosphate adsorption mechanisms.

Deamination mechanism of modified magnesium slag using wet aging and its performance evolution as backfill material.

The purpose of this study is to solve the problem of ammonia (NH) release when modified magnesium slag (MMS) is used as coal mine backfill cementitious material, and to explore its chemical mechanism and put forward effective solutions. Uniaxial compressive strengths (UCS) hydration kinetics, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis-derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and other testing methods were used to study the evolution of the properties of MMS-based backfill material, which provided a scientific basis for the safe utilization of MMS. First, the chemical mechanism underlying the release of NH from MMS was identified, and it was confirmed that MgN and LiN are the main nitrogen sources.

Synthesis of MnFeO-biochar with surficial grafting hydroxyl for the removal of Cd(II)-Pb(II)-Cu(II) pollutants: Competitive adsorption, application prospects and binding orders of functional groups.

A novel biochar material with magnetic modification by MnFeO and surficial hydroxyl grafting (h-MFO-BC) was synthesized for capturing HMs (Cd, Pb and Cu) and their competition in composite systems was investigated. The modification of hydroxyl considerably improved the adsorption capacity of HMs. Chemisorption and monolayer and homogeneous reaction dominated adsorption processes.

The Premonitory Urge to Tic in Children and Adolescents: Measuring, Describing, and Correlating.

Background: This study aimed to explore the premonitory urges (PUs) experienced by children with tic disorders (TDs), with the aim of describing and correlating these urges with various factors.

Methods: First-episode and drug-naive patients with TDs were recruited. We conducted a comprehensive study utilizing the Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale to measure the severity of PUs.

Carbohydrate-active enzyme-catalyzed stereoselective glycosylation of complex natural product glycosides.

Natural products and their derivatives are precious resources with extensive applications in various industrial fields. Enzymatic glycosylation is an efficient approach for chemical structure diversification and biological activity alternation of natural products. Herein, we reported a stereoselective glycosylation of complex natural product glycosides catalyzed by two carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZys).

Revealing the therapeutic targets, mechanisms, and heterogeneity of Huatan Jieyu Granules for Parkinson's disease through single-cell sequencing.

Background: The incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) increases with age. Previous pharmacological studies have shown the potential of Huatan Jieyu Granules (HGs) for the treatment of PD, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects of herbal treatment on PD using mouse models and single-cell sequencing.

Simultaneous determination of busulfan, fludarabine, phenytoin, and posaconazole in plasma from patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

A simple, fast, sample-saving, and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established with a linear range adjusted by in-source collision-induced dissociation. Notably, this could simultaneously determine busulfan, fludarabine, phenytoin, and posaconazole in plasma from children, each having unique physical and chemical properties. The procedure necessitated only 20 μL of plasma and involved a simple protein precipitation process.

Fast optimization of the emission reduction pathways of major air pollutants in China: From the perspective of different decision preferences.

To address the concern of optimization problem of China's PM control and the limitation of computational efficiencies for traditional air quality models, we developed an integrated analysis framework to efficiently establish the identification and cost-benefit assessment of PM control pathways in China by constructing a rapid PM exposure response method based on the high-order decoupled direct method (HDDM) and coupling the sequential least square algorithm (SLSQP) and health impact assessment model. Six emission reduction scenarios with varying decision preferences were analyzed. Our study provides a methodological approach for the rapid optimization of emission pathways of major air pollutants in China with flexible options in terms of objectives and constraints, fully considering the diverse differences in environmental, health, and economic impacts among different pollution sources simultaneously.

A Cedrane and a Fusarin from the Algicolous Fungus Fusarium graminearum 12Ⅱ2N and Response to Mycoparasitism.

The fungal genus Fusarium is a treasure-trove of structurally diverse secondary metabolites, contributed greatly by marine-derived strains. A new cedrane sesquiterpene, fusacedrol (1), and a new fusarin member, fusarin M (2), were isolated from F. graminearum 12Ⅱ2N that was isolated as an endophyte from the marine brown alga Sargassum sp.