Application of bio-electrochemical systems for phosphorus resource recovery: Progress and prospects.

This review focuses on applying bio-electrochemical systems (BES) for phosphorus (P) recovery. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) degrade pollutants to generate electricity and recover P, with the structure and electrode materials playing a significant role in P recovery efficiency. Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) recover P while simultaneously producing hydrogen or methane, with factors such as voltage and pH influencing performance.

Machine learning unveils the role of biochar application in enhancing tea yield by mitigating soil acidification in tea plantations.

Biochar, a widely utilized soil amendment in environmental applications, has been employed to enhance tea cultivation. This study utilized three machine learning models to investigate the effects of biochar on tea growth and yield, with the random forest (RF) model demonstrating superior performance (R = 0.8768, Root Mean Square Error = 6.

Intracalvariosseous injection: an approach for central nervous system drug delivery through skull bone marrow with a preclinical research in stroke.

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) accessibility constitutes a major hurdle for drug development to treat neurological diseases. Existing drug delivery methods rely on breaking the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for drugs to penetrate the CNS. Researchers have discovered natural microchannels between the skull bone marrow and the dura mater, providing a pathway for drug delivery through the skull bone marrow.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors mediate myocarditis by promoting macrophage polarization via cGAS/STING pathway.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors has opened up new avenues for cancer treatment, but serious cardiac injury has emerged in their use. A large number of data have shown that abnormal activation of cytosolic DNA-sensing cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-interferon gene activator pathway is closely related to cardiovascular inflammation and autoimmune diseases. However, the pathophysiological function of the cGAS-STING cascade in myocarditis induced by Immune checkpoint inhibitors is unclear.

A novel ANN-based feature subset selection in multi-scale granular ball neighborhood decision tables.

As an effective data preprocessing method, feature subset selection has been widely explored in recent years. However, the feature subset selection for the Wu-Leung model and its extended model involves high time complexity. Therefore, we combine the granular ball neighborhood rough set with the Wu-Leung model.

SAR remote sensing image segmentation based on feature enhancement.

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are crucial in remote sensing due to their ability to capture high-quality images regardless of environmental conditions. Though it has been studied for years, the following aspects still limit its further improvement. (1) Due to the unique imaging mechanism of SAR images, the influence of speckle noise cannot be avoided.

Multimodal cross-scale context clusters for classification of mental disorders using functional and structural MRI.

The brain is a complex system with multiple scales and hierarchies, making it challenging to identify abnormalities in individuals with mental disorders. The dynamic segregation and integration of activities across brain regions enable flexible switching between local and global information processing modes. Modeling these scale dynamics within and between brain regions can uncover hidden correlates of brain structure and function in mental disorders.

Paying more attention on backgrounds: Background-centric attention for UAV detection.

Under the advancement of artificial intelligence, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) exhibit efficient flexibility in military reconnaissance, traffic monitoring, and crop analysis. However, the UAV detection faces unique challenges due to the UAV's small size in images, high flight speeds, and limited computational resources. This paper introduces a novel Background-centric Attention Module (BAM) to address these challenges.

EHM: Exploring dynamic alignment and hierarchical clustering in unsupervised domain adaptation via high-order moment-guided contrastive learning.

Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) aims to annotate unlabeled target domain samples using transferable knowledge learned from the labeled source domain. Optimal transport (OT) is a widely adopted probability metric in transfer learning for quantifying domain discrepancy. However, many existing OT-based UDA methods usually employ an entropic regularization term to solve the OT optimization problem, inevitably resulting in a biased estimation of domain discrepancy.

Cepharanthine: A promising natural compound against feline infectious peritonitis virus infection and associated inflammation.

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a fatal disease in cats caused by feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV), has limited treatment options and lacks effective vaccines. Cepharanthine (CEP), a natural isoquinoline alkaloid, possesses many medicinal properties, including antiviral activities. However, the role of CEP in management of FIPV infection remains poorly understood.

Difficult airway management in 25 hospitals across China: A multicenter cross-sectional study.

Study Objective: Difficult airway management is a significant challenge in clinical anesthesia, critical care, and emergency medicine. Inadequate management can lead to severe complications including organ damage and death. This study assessed the variability in difficult airway management across China and focused on how patient and operator factors influenced outcomes in operating rooms.

Mitigating cadmium stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.) using succinic and oxalic acids with focus on cellular integrity and antioxidant responses.

Soil contamination with toxic heavy metals [such as cadmium (Cd)] is becoming a serious global problem due to the rapid development of the social economy. Organic chelating agents such as succinic acid (SA) and oxalic acid (OA) are more efficient, environmentally friendly, and biodegradable compared to inorganic chelating agents and they enhance the solubility, absorption, and stability of metals. To investigate this, we conducted a pot experiment to assess the impact of SA (0.

An R2R3-MYB transcription factor PdbMYB6 enhances drought tolerance by mediating reactive oxygen species scavenging, osmotic balance, and stomatal opening.

Drought is a major environmental challenge that hinders the growth and development of plants. R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs) play a vital role in mediating responses to abiotic stress; however, their specific functions in Populus davidiana × Populus bolleana hybrid poplar plants remain underexplored. This study focused on PdbMYB6, a novel R2R3-MYB TF identified in P.

Wheat glutenin allele 1Ax2∗ improves dough and bread quality without compromising yield.

High yield and good quality are two predominant objectives of most of the wheat breeding programs. Modulating HMW-GS composition is an effective approach to improve grain quality without yield penalty. In this study, we first analyzed the background similarity of three near-isogenic lines (NILs) with 1Ax-null, 1Ax1 or 1Ax2∗ alleles in the background of cultivar Xiaoyan-22 at the protein and DNA levels.

Bacillus pumilus G5 combined with silicon enhanced flavonoid biosynthesis in drought-stressed Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. by regulating jasmonate, gibberellin and ethylene crosstalk.

Drought stress poses a significant threat to global agricultural production, including the cultivation of medicinal plants. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and the eco-friendly element silicon (Si) are known to alleviate the adverse effects of drought stress. This study examines how inoculation with Bacillus pumilus G5 or/and Si influences plant hormone signaling and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways in drought-stressed Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.

Nanomedicine-enabled concurrent regulations of ROS generation and copper metabolism for sonodynamic-amplified tumor therapy.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) shows substantial potentials in cancer treatment thanks to the deep tissue penetration of ultrasound. However, its clinical translation suffers from the potential damages to healthy tissues and the resistance of tumors, particularly from cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), to the ultrasound. To address these challenges, we designed a novel glutathione (GSH)-activated nanomedicine to simultaneously enhance the safety and efficacy of SDT by in situ regulating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and copper metabolism.

Anti-neuroinflammatory agent rhein lysinate-based self-assembled injectable hydrogel loaded with ZL006 for promoting post-stroke functional recovery.

The therapeutic agent-based self-assembled hydrogel is gaining interest for biomedical applications, because it overcomes the poor biodegradability and low therapeutic agent loading of conventional polymer gelator-based hydrogel. Here, we present rhein lysinate (RHL), a therapeutic agent that self-assembles to form a stable hydrogel through the π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions, while also exerting anti-neuroinflammatory effect. As a small molecular hydrogelator, RHL has significantly improved water solubility and enhanced self-assembly and gelation capabilities compared to the natural anthraquinone rhein.

Injectable oxidized high-amylose starch hydrogel scaffold for macrophage-mediated glioblastoma therapy.

Glioblastoma, characterized by rapid proliferation and invasiveness, is largely resistant to current treatment modalities. A major obstacle is the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which restricts the delivery of therapeutic agents as well as the infiltration of effective immune cells into glioblastoma. In this study, we developed an injectable oxidized high-amylose starch hydrogel (OHASM) to serve as a biomaterial scaffold for the delivery of macrophages and macrophage-polarizing drugs, aiming to bypass the BBB and enhance glioblastoma treatment.

Bioinspired nanofiber dressings with counter-transport of exudate and drug for treating heavily exuding wounds.

Heavily exuding wounds are difficult to heal due to the accumulation of a large amount of exudates and the difficulty in efficient delivery of drugs by conventional wound dressings. Herein, inspired by the microstructure and function of octopus sucker (OS) and tree trunk (TT), we propose a bioinspired strategy to fabricate novel bioinspired OS&TT bilayered wound dressing, assembled by a lower OS-like nanofiber membrane with concave convex arrays and an upper TT-like nanofiber sponge with vertically aligned pores. The integration of bioinspired concave arrays and vertically aligned pores endows the bioinspired OS&TT dressing with dual vertical suction property, enabling effective drainage of significant amount of accumulated liquid.

Comprehensive analysis strategy of quality for traditional Chinese medicine compound based on fingerprint technology and quantitative prediction of spectra.

Traditional Chinese medicine compound (TCMC) comes from a wide range of sources, and the complexity of chemical composition leads to differences in quality. Improving quality evaluation standards is the focus as well as the difficulty in its development and application. The traditional fingerprint analysis method has certain limitations for the quality evaluation of TCMC and the judgment of superior and inferior products.

Nanozymes meet hydrogels: Fabrication, progressive applications, and perspectives.

Nanozyme, a class of emerging enzyme mimics, is the nanomaterials with enzyme-mimicking activity, which has obtained significant and widespread applications in various fields. However, they still face many challenges in practical applications (e.g.

Hydrosilylation of porous silicon: Unusual possibilities and potential challenges.

Among the many types of surface modifications on porous silicon (pSi), hydrosilylation stands out to be an important approach due to the formation of highly stable surface linkage through Si-C bonding. Since its conceptualization in 1998, hydrosilylation had gradually gained popularity for pSi surface modifications and had become an important approach for stabilizing pSi surfaces especially for biological applications. Over the past decade, significant advancements have been made in the hydrosilylation process for modifying porous silicon (pSi) surfaces.

Innovative strategy for full-scale polar components explicition and ultrasonic-assisted optimization of Astragalus membranaceus flower.

Traditional extraction under merely one specific solvent was confronted with incomplete phytochemical unscramble problem. In view of this, in order to obtain the overall chemical understanding, we attempted to use Astragalus membranaceus flower, an abundant exploitable resource, to screen a novel extraction mixing scheme via gradient solvents based on the ions' quantity detected in UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS approach. Samples were firstly extracted by different concentration ethanol, and then, six mixing schemes were investigated and one scheme with maximum detected ions was screened out.

Actinomycetes: Treasure trove for discovering novel antibiotic candidates.

Actinomycetes are an important source of secondary metabolites such as antibiotics and other active natural products. Many well-known antibiotics, such as streptomycin, oxytetracycline, and tetracycline, are produced by actinomycetes. Different types of antibiotics have distinct mechanisms of action against microorganisms: inhibit protein synthesis, inhibit nucleic acid synthesis, or inhibit cell wall synthesis.