Gold-Catalyzed Synthesis of (Dihydro)quinolones by Cyclization of Benzaldehyde-Tethered Ynamides and Anilines.

2-Quinolones represent a versatile class of compounds that are prevalent in natural and medicinally relevant molecules. Here we report a new approach to the selective formation of these structures. By gold catalysis, a range of benzaldehyde-tethered ynamides reacted with anilines, leading to 4-amino-3,4-dihydro-2-quinolones with high efficiency and excellent diastereoselectivity in dichloromethane.

On-Off Magnetism of Ferromagnetic Metals via Electrochemical Driven Band Filling.

Ferromagnetic metals, distinguished by high Curie temperatures and magnetization, are crucial in voltage-controlled magnetism for potential room-temperature applications in low-power multifunctional devices. Despite numerous attempts based on various mechanisms, achieving ideal magnetic modulation in metals remains challenging. This work proposes a new mechanism to control bulk metal magnetism by modulating valence electron filling in spin-polarized bands, leveraging the Slater-Pauling rule in alloys.

Inflammatory Microenvironment-Modulated Conductive Hydrogel Promotes Vascularized Bone Regeneration in Infected Bone Defects.

Infected bone defects show a significant reduction in neovascularization during the healing process, primarily due to persistent bacterial infection and immune microenvironmental disorders. Existing treatments are difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory treatments for infected bone defects, which is a key clinical therapeutic challenge that needs to be addressed. In this study, a conductive hydrogel based on copper nanoparticles was developed for controlling bacterial infection and remodeling the immune microenvironment.

High-performance magnesium organic batteries using renewable biomolecule-based cathode.

Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) exhibit significant potential in large-scale energy storage due to their features of high volumetric capacity, resistance to dendrite formation, and abundant magnesium resources. However, the high polarity of divalent Mg2+ ions results in sluggish diffusion kinetics in conventional inorganic cathode materials, adversely affecting reversible capacity and rate performance. Organic materials such as pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetrone (PTO) and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA), achieve rapid and reversible intercalation of magnesium ions through carbonyl enolization, but these materials are challenged by high cost, complex preparation, and poor environmental friendliness.

CAD manipulates tumor intrinsic DHO/UBE4B/NF-κB pathway and fuels macrophage cross-talk, promoting hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis.

Background And Aims: Portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT), an indicator of clinical metastasis, significantly shortens hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients' lifespan, and no effective treatment has been established. We aimed to illustrate mechanisms underlying PVTT formation and tumor metastasis, and identified potential targets for clinical intervention.

Approach And Results: Multi-omics data of 159 HCC patients (including 37 cases with PVTT) was analyzed to identify contributors to PVTT formation and tumor metastasis.

Nonmonotonous Translocation Dynamics of Highly Deformable Particles across Channels.

The translocation dynamics of cells and particles through geometric constrictions are critical in biological and biomedical processes from splenic filtration to tumor metastasis. While particle stiffness plays a key role, its role in highly nonequilibrium states remains poorly understood. Here, we present a multiscale model to investigate the impact of particle stiffness on the translocation dynamics in microfluidic channels.

Genetic evidence for the suppressive role of zebrafish vhl targeting mavs in antiviral innate immunity during RNA virus infection.

The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene VHL is a classic tumor suppressor that has been identified in family members with clear cell renal cell carcinomas, central nervous system and retinal hemangioblastomas, phaeochromocytomas, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. The well-defined function of VHL is to mediate proteasomal degradation of hydroxylated hypoxia-inducible factor α proteins, resulting in the downregulation of hypoxia-responsive gene expression. Previously, we reported that VHL inhibits antiviral signaling by targeting mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) for proteasomal degradation.

Precise motif and cross-presentation of coronavirus peptides by feline MHC class I: implications for the mild infection of SARS-CoV-2.

As one of the earliest identified susceptible animals for the SARS-CoV-2, cats are also the vulnerable hosts for feline coronaviruses, ie feline enteric coronavirus (FECV). Here, to understand the cross-presentation of coronavirus-derived peptides by cat major histocompatibility complex molecule feline leucocyte antigen (FLA) class I, unpredictable natural peptide motifs presented by FLA-K*00701 and FLA-E*00301 were identified through peptide elution and further confirmed by the structural determination of the 2 FLA class I molecules. Based on these precise motifs of FLA class I peptides, the atlas of cross-presenting peptides from different coronaviruses in cats were sketched with 3 hotspots in C-terminal half of ORF1ab protein.

Teleost IgM+ plasma-like cells: beyond antibody secretion.

Upon antigen encounter, B cells start a differentiation process toward antibody-secreting cells (ASCs), initially plasmablasts, and eventually long-lived plasma cells. All these ASCs specialize in secreting important amounts of antibodies and usually lose other functionalities of naïve B cells. This differentiation process is scarcely characterized in teleost fish, in which B cells have been shown to share many functional and phenotypic characteristics of mammalian B1 innate subsets.

Clinical significance of positron emission tomography-computed tomography in the classification of thymic tumors.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the possibility of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET-CT) in identifying histological classification of thymic tumors.

Methods: Patients diagnosed as thymic tumors and accepted PET-CT scans were included. Thymic tumors were classified into three subgroups: low risk thymoma (A, AB and B1), high risk thymoma (B2, B3) and thymic carcinoma (TC).

Copper-Catalyzed -Heteroannulation of [60]Fullerene with Aryl Sulfonamides and Paraformaldehyde: Synthesis and Functionalization of [60]Fullerene-Fused Imidazolidines.

The Cu(II)-catalyzed -heteroannulation reaction of [60]fullerene (C) with aryl sulfonamides and paraformaldehyde has been disclosed for the synthesis of diverse C-fused imidazolidines, of which one or both of the ArSO moieties could be removed selectively. Further transformations into the unexpected bicyclic 1,2,3,4-adduct and C-fused imidazolidinium iodide salt have also been demonstrated. A plausible reaction mechanism is proposed on the basis of control experiments.

Rapid clonal expansion and somatic hypermutation contribute to the fate of SARS-CoV-2 broadly neutralizing antibodies.

Several vaccines and immunization strategies, including inactivated vaccines, have proven effective in eliciting antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), providing an opportunity to characterize the antibody response. In this study, we investigated the monoclonal antibody responses elicited by wild-type SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccination compared to those elicited by natural infection and mRNA vaccination. The analysis showed that antibodies encoded by biased germline genes were shared between SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated and naturally infected individuals.

Effects of PARP1 inhibitor PJ-34 on TGFα, IL-6, and IL-1β levels in diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy is a severe chronic complication characterized by cytotoxicity, inflammation, and fibrosis, ultimately leading to renal failure. This study systematically investigated the effects of the PARP1 inhibitor PJ-34 on high glucose-induced cytotoxicity, inflammation, and fibrosis in HK-2 cells, as well as its improvement on neuropathic pain response and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) expression in a type 1 diabetes mellitus diabetic nephropathy mouse model. Through cellular and animal experiments, we observed that PJ-34 significantly enhanced the proliferative capacity of cells damaged by high glucose, reduced apoptosis, and decreased the release of proinflammatory factors TGFα, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β.

Ammonium chloride mitigates the amplification of fish virus by blocking autophagy-dependent replication.

Ammonia fertilizer, primarily composed of ammonium chloride, is widely used in pond fish farming throughout Asia. Despite the belief that it possesses antiviral properties, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) has been demonstrated to act as a potent inhibitor of autophagy, which is used by many fish viruses to promote their proliferation during infection.

AJGM: Joint Learning of Heterogeneous Gene Networks with Adaptive Graphical Model.

Motivation: Inferring gene networks provides insights into biological pathways and functional relationships among genes. When gene expression samples exhibit heterogeneity, they may originate from unknown subtypes, prompting the utilization of mixture Gaussian graphical model for simultaneous subclassification and gene network inference. However, this method overlooks the heterogeneity of network relationships across subtypes and does not sufficiently emphasize shared relationships.

Deep learning based on ultrasound images predicting cervical lymph node metastasis in postoperative patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Objectives: To develop a deep learning (DL) model based on ultrasound (US) images of lymph nodes for predicting cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in postoperative patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).

Methods: Retrospective collection of 352 lymph nodes from 330 patients with cytopathology findings between June 2021 and December 2023 at our institution. The database was randomly divided into the training and test cohort at an 8:2 ratio.

Co-Exposure to Polystyrene Microplastics and Bisphenol A Contributes to the Formation of Liver Fibrosis in Mice through Inhibition of the BMAL1/E-Cad Signaling Pathway.

The food safety risks posed by exposure to polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) and bisphenol A (BPA) have become an issue worldwide. However, the toxic effects of PS-MPs and BPA coexposure on the mammalian liver remain elusive. In this study, we found that PS-MPs and BPA coexposure have synergistic toxic effects on AML12 cells and the mouse liver.

Four-Centre, Multi-Electron Bonding in Rare-Earth Germole Sandwich Complexes.

Reduction of the germole-ligated sandwich complexes [(η5-CpGe)M(η5-Cpttt)]2 (1M, M = Y, Gd, Dy) with one or two equivalents of KC8/2.2.2-cryptand produces [(η5-CpGe)M(η5-Cpttt)2]- (2M) and [(η5-CpGe)M(η5-Cpttt)2]2- (3M), respectively, as salts of [K(2.

The Outstanding Ambiphilicity of Trialkylstibines among Trialkylpnictines: Power for Stepwise Deoxygenation and N-N Coupling of Nitroarenes.

The ongoing discovery of highly reactive ambiphilic main-group species has significantly advanced the development of main-group chemistry, particularly in the realms of small molecule activation and catalysis. Theoretically, compounds featuring smaller HOMO-LUMO gaps gain stronger ambiphilicity and higher reactivity. In this work, we fundamentally demonstrate that MeSb holds the smallest HOMO-LUMO gap among trimethylpnictines, indicating its outstanding ambiphilicity.

Sustainable Sulfonylation and Sulfenylation of Indoles with Thiols through Hexamolybdate/HO-Mediated Oxidative Dehydrogenation Coupling.

Arylsulfonylindole and arylsulfenylindole motifs stand as privileged scaffolds in drug discovery. Traditional methods for synthesizing these molecules have relied mainly on prefunctionalized precursors, involving multistep processes and generating a large amount of waste. In this study, we present a modular protocol for the preparation of 3-sulfonylindoles and 3-sulfenylindoles using indoles and thiols as starting materials via hexamolybdate/HO-mediated oxidative dehydrogenative C-S coupling.

Ultralong Room Temperature Phosphorescence through Both Space Confinement and Long-Range Charge Migration.

Doping guest materials into host materials with a confined space to suppress nonradiative decay is an effective strategy for achieving room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP). However, constructing host-guest doped materials with ultralong RTP (URTP) is still challenging. Herein, by embedding three coumarin derivatives into boric acid via one-step heat treatment, the URTP material with an afterglow lasting up to 60 s, a phosphorescence lifetime of 1.

Loss of the cytochrome b6f subunit PetN destabilizes the complex and severely impairs state transitions in Anabaena variabilis.

The cytochrome b6f complex (Cyt b6f) plays pivotal roles in both linear and cyclic electron transport of oxygenic photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria. The four large subunits of Cyt b6f are responsible for organizing the electron transfer chain within Cyt b6f and have their counterparts in the cytochrome bc1 complex in other bacteria. The four small subunits of Cyt b6f are unique to oxygenic photosynthesis, and their functions remain to be elucidated.

Heterogeneous cellular responses to hyperthermia support combined intraperitoneal hyperthermic immunotherapy for ovarian cancer mouse models.

The benefit of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in ovarian cancer remains controversial, hindering the development of rational combination therapies based on hyperthermia (HT). This study reports the preliminary results of the neoadjuvant HIPEC (NHIPEC) trial (ChiCTR2000038173), demonstrating enhanced tumor response in high-grade serous ovarian cancer with NHIPEC. Through single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, we identified both homogeneous and heterogeneous cellular responses to HT within the tumor and microenvironment.

A human histidyl-tRNA synthetase splice variant therapeutic targets NRP2 to resolve lung inflammation and fibrosis.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) consists of a group of immune-mediated disorders that can cause inflammation and progressive fibrosis of the lungs, representing an area of unmet medical need given the lack of disease-modifying therapies and toxicities associated with current treatment options. Tissue-specific splice variants (SVs) of human aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are catalytic nulls thought to confer regulatory functions. One example from human histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HARS), termed HARS because the splicing event resulted in a protein encompassing the WHEP-TRS domain of HARS (a structurally conserved domain found in multiple aaRSs), is enriched in human lung and up-regulated by inflammatory cytokines in lung and immune cells.