Circulating levels of adiponectin and AdipoR expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells are associated with lower respiratory tract Infection.

Objective: The role of adiponectin (APN) in regulating inflammation is well recognized in metabolic disease, but the dysregulation of APN in lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) remains controversial. We aimed to measure APN and its signaling receptors, adiponectin receptor (AdipoR), in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from LRTI patients to explore their potential roles in the LRTI process.

Methods: A total of 99 LRTI patients from the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were categorized into acute (n=35) and non-acute (n=64), and non-severe (n=62) and severe (n=37) groups.

Virus-like particle: a nano-platform that delivers cancer antigens to elicit an anti-tumor immune response.

Virus-like particles (VLPs), as a unique form of nanocarrier, predominantly encompass hollow protein shells that exhibit analogous morphology and structure to naturally occurring viruses, yet devoid of genetic material. VLPs are considered safe, easily modifiable, and stable, making them suitable for preparation in various expression systems. They serve as precise biological instruments with broad applications in the field of medical biology.

Single-cell transcriptomics reveals the heterogeneity and function of mast cells in human ccRCC.

Introduction: The role of mast cells (MCs) in clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) is unclear, and comprehensive single-cell studies of ccRCC MCs have not yet been performed.

Methods: To investigate the heterogeneity and effects of MCs in ccRCC, we studied single-cell transcriptomes from four ccRCC patients, integrating both single-cell sequencing and bulk tissue sequencing data from online sequencing databases, followed by validation via spatial transcriptomics and multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC).

Results: We identified four MC signature genes (TPSB2, TPSAB1, CPA3, and HPGDS).

The IVIG treatment response in autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes type 2 with anti-GAD65 antibody-associated stiff person syndrome: a case report and literature review.

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APS) is a rare group of disorders caused by impaired function of multiple endocrine glands due to disruption of immune tolerance. Of which, type 2 (APS-2) is the most common. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is the rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

Serum proteomic and metabolomic profiling of hepatocellular carcinoma patients co-infected with .

Background: () infection is a significant risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the impact of infection on the serum proteomic and metabolomic profiling of HCC patients, focusing on the potential mechanisms.

Method: A retrospective clinical analysis was conducted on 1121 HCC patients, comparing those with and without infection.

A novel oncolytic Vaccinia virus armed with IL-12 augments antitumor immune responses leading to durable regression in murine models of lung cancer.

Oncolytic vaccinia viruses (VVs) are potent stimulators of the immune system and induce immune-mediated tumor clearance and long-term surveillance against tumor recurrence. As such they are ideal treatment modalities for solid tumors including lung cancer. Here, we investigated the use of VVL-m12, a next-generation, genetically modified, interleukin-12 (IL-12)-armed VV, as a new therapeutic strategy to treat murine models of lung cancer and as a mechanism of increasing lung cancer sensitivity to antibody against programmed cell death protein 1 (α-PD1) therapy.

Targeting immune cellular populations and transcription factors: unraveling the therapeutic potential of JQF for NAFLD.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) constitutes the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide. Progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the immune cell reservoir within the liver undergoes remodeling, exacerbating liver inflammation and potentially leading to liver fibrosis. Jiangtang Qingre Formula (JQF) is an effective prescription for the clinical treatment of NAFLD.

Integrating single cell analysis and machine learning methods reveals stem cell-related gene S100A10 as an important target for prediction of liver cancer diagnosis and immunotherapy.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) poses a significant health challenge worldwide, primarily due to late-stage diagnosis and the limited effectiveness of current therapies. Cancer stem cells are known to play a role in tumor development, metastasis, and resistance to treatment. A thorough understanding of genes associated with stem cells is crucial for improving the diagnostic precision of LIHC and for the advancement of effective immunotherapy approaches.

A potential therapeutic approach for ulcerative colitis: targeted regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy through phytochemicals.

Mitochondria are important organelles that regulate cellular energy and biosynthesis, as well as maintain the body's response to environmental stress. Their dynamics and autophagy influence occurrence of cellular function, particularly under stressful conditions. They can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) which is a major contributor to inflammatory diseases such as ulcerative colitis (UC).

Case report of neurobrucellosis: a rare complication and neuroimaging findings of a common disease.

Background And Objective: Neurobrucellosis is a rare neurological disorder characterized by diverse clinical manifestations. Although several relevant cases were reported, our understanding of this disorder is limited. In this study, we presented the clinical and imaging characteristics of four cases of neurobrucellosis.

Single-cell RNA sequencing and immune microenvironment analysis reveal PLOD2-driven malignant transformation in cervical cancer.

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women globally, and the main cause of the disease has been found to be ongoing HPV infection. Cervical cancer remains the primary cause of cancer-related death despite major improvements in screening and treatment approaches, especially in low- and middle-income nations. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the tumor microenvironment in advanced cervical cancer in order to identify possible treatment targets.

Characteristics of humoral responses to the first coronavirus disease booster vaccine and breakthrough infection in central China: a multicentre, prospective, longitudinal cohort study.

Introduction: The long-term immunogenicity, adverse effects, influencing factors, and protection from booster vaccines remain unclear. Specifically, little is known regarding the humoral immunity and breakthrough infections associated with COVID-19 booster immunization. Therefore, we evaluated the immunogenicity, reactogenicity, influencing factors, and protective effects of the first coronavirus disease booster vaccine 23 months before and after implementation of dynamic zero epidemic control measures among healthcare staff.

Titanium nanotubes modulate immunophenotyping and cytokine secretion of T cells via IL-17A: a bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation.

Object: We aim to explore the immunomodulatory properties of T cells on different titanium nanotubes and the key immunological factors involved in this process.

Methods: Transcriptome data from GEO database of healthy people and healthy implants were used to analyze cell infiltration and factor distribution of adaptive immune using bioinformatics tools. T cells from activated rat were cultured on titanium nanotubes that were prepared by anodization with different diameters (P-0, NT15-30 nm, NT40-100 nm, NT70-200 nm).

Role of tertiary lymphoid structures and B cells in clinical immunotherapy of gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract, and its treatment remains a significant challenge. In recent years, the role of various immune cells in the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression and treatment has gained increasing attention. Immunotherapy, primarily based on immune checkpoint inhibitors, has notably improved the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer; however, challenges regarding therapeutic efficacy persist.

The combination treatment of RC48 and STAT3 inhibitor acts as a promising therapeutic strategy for basal bladder cancer.

As an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), disitamab vedotin (RC48) is a promising treatment targeting ERBB2 for locally advanced and metastatic bladder cancer (BLCA). However, the subtype heterogeneity of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) often leads to different therapeutic outcomes. In our study, we aim to explore sensitivity differences and mechanisms of different molecular subtypes of MIBC to RC48 treatment and develop a strategy for combination therapy against cancer.

Tumor-associated lymphatic vessel density is a postoperative prognostic biomarker of hepatobiliary cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate whether tumor-associated lymphatic vessel density (LVD) could predict the survival of patients with hepato-biliary-pancreatic (HBP) cancers after radical resection.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from the inception to July 31, 2024 for literature that reported the role of LVD in overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of patients with HBP cancers after radical resection.

Results: Ten studies with 761 patients were included for the meta-analysis.

Gαi1/3 signaling mediates IL-5-induced eosinophil activation and type 2 inflammation in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: Uncontrolled severe eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (eCRS) is associated with elevated levels of Th2 cells and raised immunoglobulin concentrations in nasal polyp tissue. eCRS is characterized by high eosinophilic infiltration and type 2 inflammation. Gαi1/3 proteins participate in allergic inflammation by regulating immune cells.

PANoptosis in intestinal epithelium: its significance in inflammatory bowel disease and a potential novel therapeutic target for natural products.

The intestinal epithelium, beyond its role in absorption and digestion, serves as a critical protective mechanical barrier that delineates the luminal contents and the gut microbiota from the lamina propria within resident mucosal immune cells to maintain intestinal homeostasis. The barrier is manifested as a contiguous monolayer of specialized intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), interconnected through tight junctions (TJs). The integrity of this epithelial barrier is of paramount.

Case report: A novel germline loss-of-function mutation in the STAT1 transactivation domain in two Chinese siblings, with the elder sibling presenting with multifocal Calmette-Guerin osteomyelitis.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) gene mutations have broad clinical phenotypes, classified by the inheritance pattern and functional state. Individuals with autosomal dominant STAT1 deficiency are more susceptible to intracellular bacteria, the hallmark of which is Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMDs) that are associated with increased risks of invasive disease by weakly virulent mycobacteria. We report a novel heterozygous missense mutation in exon 23 of the STAT1 gene (NM_007315.

Transplant oncology and anti-cancer immunosuppressants.

Organ transplantation is a life-saving intervention that enhances the quality of life for patients with end-stage organ failure. However, long-term immunosuppressive therapy is required to prevent allogeneic graft rejection, which inadvertently elevates the risk of post-transplant malignancies, especially for liver transplant recipients with a prior history of liver cancer. In response, the emerging field of transplant oncology integrates principles from oncology and immunology to improve outcomes for patients at high risk of tumor occurrence or recurrence following transplantation.

Targeting the chemokines in acute graft-versus-host disease.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) constitutes a critical therapeutic approach for patients with malignant hematological disorders. Nevertheless, acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), one of the most prevalent complications associated with HSCT, remains a leading contributor to non-relapse mortality. In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on the interplay between chemokines and their receptors in the context of acute GVHD.

Macrophages in sepsis-induced acute lung injury: exosomal modulation and therapeutic potential.

Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) remains a leading cause of mortality in critically ill patients. Macrophages, key modulators of immune responses, play a dual role in both promoting and resolving inflammation. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles released by various cells, carry bioactive molecules that influence macrophage polarization and immune responses.

An allelic atlas of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable regions reveals antibody binding epitope preference resilient to SARS-CoV-2 mutation escape.

Background: Although immunoglobulin (Ig) alleles play a pivotal role in the antibody response to pathogens, research to understand their role in the humoral immune response is still limited.

Methods: We retrieved the germline sequences for the IGHV from the IMGT database to illustrate the amino acid polymorphism present within germline sequences of IGHV genes. We aassembled the sequences of IgM and IgD repertoire from 130 people to investigate the genetic variations in the population.

Targeting autophagy to enhance chemotherapy and immunotherapy in oral cancer.

Oral cancer is a highly malignant disease characterized by recurrence, metastasis, and poor prognosis. Autophagy, a catabolic process induced under stress conditions, has been shown to play a dual role in oral cancer development and therapy. Recent studies have identified that autophagy activation in oral epithelial cells suppresses cancer cell survival by inhibiting key pathways such as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), while activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway.

Risk of Infective Endocarditis Following Invasive Dental Procedures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize evidence and determine the association between IE and dental procedures, including invasive and non-invasive procedures.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases for studies involving procedures such as tooth extraction, scaling, endodontic treatment, oral surgery, and periodontal treatment involving individuals aged ≥15 years. The primary outcome was the incidence of IE following these procedures.