Enhancing Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Array Stability on Dental Implants through Laser Lithography-Assisted Microline Patterning.

Titanium dioxide nanotube arrays (TNTs) generated in situ on the surface of dental implants have been shown to enhance bone integration for load-bearing support while managing load distribution and energy dissipation to prevent bone resorption from overload. However, their inadequate stability limits the clinical use of conventional TNTs. This study introduces an innovative approach to improve the mechanical stability of TNTs while maintaining their bone-integration efficiency.

Integration of MRI radiomics and clinical data for preoperative prediction of vascular invasion in breast cancer: A deep learning approach.

Background: Accurate preoperative prediction of vascular invasion in breast cancer is crucial for surgical planning and patient management. MRI radiomics has shown promise in enhancing diagnostic precision. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating MRI radiomic features with clinical data using a deep learning approach to predict vascular invasion in breast cancer patients.

Hyperoside mitigates PCOS-associated adipogenesis and insulin resistance by regulating NCOA2-mediated PPAR-γ ubiquitination and degradation.

Aims: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is closely associated with metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and obesity, but the role of adipogenesis in its pathophysiology remains unclear. This study investigates the role of adipogenesis in PCOS development and evaluates whether hyperoside (HPS), an anti-adipogenic herbal compound, can improve PCOS by inhibiting adipogenesis.

Main Methods: A combination of in vivo and in vitro models was used to assess the impact of HPS on ovarian function, insulin resistance, and adipogenesis.

Phase-separated condensates in autophagosome formation and autophagy regulation.

Biomacromolecules partition into numerous types of biological condensates or membrane-less organelles via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Newly formed liquid-like condensates may further undergo phase transition to convert into other material states, such as gel or solid states. Different biological condensates possess distinct material properties to fulfil their physiological functions in diverse cellular pathways and processes.

Piceatannol upregulates USP14-mediated GPX4 deubiquitination to inhibit neuronal ferroptosis caused by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in mice.

Ischemic stroke is a very common brain disorder. This study aims to assess the neuroprotective effects of piceatannol (PCT) in preventing neuronal injury resulting from cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) in mice. Additionally, we investigated the underlying mechanisms through which PCT inhibits neuronal ferroptosis by modulating the USP14/GPX4 signaling axis.

Carrier-free nanoparticles for cancer theranostics with dual-mode magnetic resonance imaging/fluorescence imaging and combination photothermal and chemodynamic therapy.

Both photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) are designed to focus their antitumor effect on only the tumor site, thereby minimizing unwanted severe damage to healthy tissue outside the tumor. However, each monotherapy is limited in achieving complete tumor eradication, resulting in tumor recurrence. The combination of multiple therapies may help to overcome the limitations of single therapy, improve the chances of complete tumor eradication, and reduce the risk of recurrence.

Rubicon siRNA-encapsulated liver-targeting nanoliposome is a promising therapeutic for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent metabolic liver disorder worldwide, and effective therapeutic strategies for its treatment remains limited. In this article, we introduced Glipo-siRubi, a hepatocytes-targeting RNA interference (RNAi) nanoliposome for suppression of Rubicon expression, aiming to achieve precise regulation of autophagy in NAFLD. Autophagy activation induced by Rubicon suppression resulted in reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress and intracellular lipid accumulation in vitro.

Iontophoresis-driven transdermal drug delivery system based on porous microneedles for hyperuricemia treatment.

An iontophoresis-driven porous microneedles (IPMNs) system has been developed for hyperuricemia management, which can be effectively prolong the anti-hyperuricemia effect. Porous microneedles (PMNs) with good biocompatibility, high porous volume, and excellent substance exchange capacity were firstly prepared for drug transdermal delivery and active iontophoresis.In vitro experiments showed that the transdermal delivery efficiency of anti-hyperuricemia drug (Allopurinol, AP) could be controlled using the iontophoresis current of IPMNs system.

Glucocorticoid pre-administration improves LNP-mRNA mediated protein replacement and genome editing therapies.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are among the most promising non-viral mRNA delivery systems for gene therapeutic applications. However, the in vivo delivery of LNP-mRNA remains challenging due to multiple intrinsic barriers that hinder LNPs from reaching their target cells. In this study, we sought to enhance LNP delivery by manipulating intrinsic regulatory mechanisms involved in their metabolism.

Synergistic therapy with celastrol-curcumin multifunctional nanomedicine: Anti-hepatocellular carcinoma and reduced hepatotoxicity.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths globally and a key hindrance to extending life expectancy. Celastrol (CEL) demonstrates excellent antitumor activity, but faces challenges like low solubility and a narrow therapeutic window, limiting its clinical application. To address these limitations, drug combinations and nano-delivery systems have emerged as effective solutions.

Disulfiram-Loaded PLGA nanoparticles modified with a Phenyl borate chitosan Conjugate enhance hepatic carcinoma treatment.

Disulfiram (DSF), which has been traditionally used to treat alcoholism, has been shown to inhibit tumor growth, indicating its potential as an anticancer agent. However, its development and application are hindered by its poor water solubility, instability in physiological environments, and low bioavailability. In this study, phenylboronic acid-chitosan (PBA-CS) grafts were synthesized using the carbodiimide method.

Porcine Serum Amyloid A3 Promotes the Adhesion, Invasion, and Proliferation of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.

The spread of Porcine contagious pleuropneumonia (PCP), a severe disease that occurs in pigs caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), remains a threat to the porcine farms and has been known to cause severe economic losses. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute-phase protein rapidly expressed in response to infection and inflammation in vertebrates. This study aimed to investigate the function of SAA3 in bacterial infections.

Cas12a Is Competitive for Gene Editing in the Malaria parasites.

Malaria, caused by the Plasmodium parasites, has always been one of the worst infectious diseases that threaten human health, making it necessary for us to study the genetic function and physiological mechanisms of Plasmodium parasites from the molecular level to find more effective ways of addressing the increasingly pressing threat. The CRISPR (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR-associated protein) is an RNA-guided adaptive immune system, which has been extensively developed and used as a genome editing tool in many organisms, including Plasmodium parasites. However, due to the physiological characteristics and special genomic characteristics of Plasmodium parasites, most of the tools currently used for genome editing of Plasmodium parasites have not met expectations.

Antibiofilm mechanism of mouse gastrointestinal stimulation against Vibrio parahaemolyticus under bile salt culture.

Bile salts are crucial microbe-selective inhibitors present in the intestinal tracts of humans and other animals. Environmental and clinical strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) exhibited different biofilm-forming abilities under bile salt incubation.

HS inhibition of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase conversion reduces uric acid levels and improves myoblast functions.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is an important gasotransmitter that regulates a wide range of pathophysiological processes. Higher uric acid levels are associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases. The causal mechanism linking HS signalling and uric acid metabolism in skeletal muscles has not yet been elucidated.

Serum starvation induces cytosolic DNA trafficking via exosome and autophagy-lysosome pathway in microglia.

The imbalance of microglial homeostasis is highly associated with age-related neurological diseases, where cytosolic endogenous DNA is also likely to be found. As the main medium for storing biological information, endogenous DNA could be localized to cellular compartments normally free of DNA when cells are stimulated. However, the intracellular trafficking of endogenous DNA remains unidentified.

MARCH5 ameliorates aortic valve calcification via RACGAP1-DRP1 pathway associated mitochondrial quality control.

Background: Mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase (MARCH5) as an important regulator in maintaining mitochondrial function. Our aims were to investigate the role and mechanism of MARCH5 in aortic valve calcification.

Methods: Human aortic valves, both calcified and non-calcified, were analyzed for MARCH5 expression using western blot.

SLC26A9 promotes the initiation and progression of breast cancer by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

SLC26A9 is a member of the Slc26a family of multifunctional anion transporters that function as Cl channels in the stomach. We reported for the first time that SLC26A9 is involved in gastric tumorigenesis. However, the role of SLC26A9 in breast cancer has not yet been investigated.

Amino acid transporter OsATL13 coordinately regulates rice yield and quality by transporting phenylalanine and methionine.

Amino acids are crucial nutrients for growth in crops. In this study, we found an amino acid transporter-like 13 (OsATL13), that coordinately determined rice yield and quality. OsATL13 was primarily expressed in the root and panicle, its protein was localized on plasma membrane, and it principally transported phenylalanine and methionine.

PLATZ transcription factors and their emerging roles in plant responses to environmental stresses.

Plant A/T-rich sequence- and zinc-binding (PLATZ) family proteins represent a novel class of plant-specific transcription factors that bind to A/T-rich sequences. Advances in high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analyses have facilitated the identification of numerous PLATZ proteins across various plant species. Over the last decade, accumulating evidence from omics analyses, genetics studies, and gain- and loss-of function investigations has indicated that PLATZ proteins play crucial roles in the complex regulatory networks governing plant development and adaptation to environmental stress.

LG1 promotes preligule band formation through directly activating ZmPIN1 genes in maize.

Increasing plant density is an effective strategy for enhancing crop yield per unit land area. A key architectural trait for crops adapting to high planting density is smaller leaf angle (LA). Previous studies have demonstrated that LG1, a SQUAMOSA BINDING PROTEIN (SBP) transcription factor, plays a critical role in LA establishment.

RNA Methylation Homeostasis in Ocular Diseases: All Eyes on Me.

RNA methylation is a pivotal epigenetic modification that adjusts various aspects of RNA biology, including nuclear transport, stability, and the efficiency of translation for specific RNA candidates. The methylation of RNA involves the addition of methyl groups to specific bases and can occur at different sites, resulting in distinct forms, such as N6-methyladenosine (mA), N1-methyladenosine (mA), 5-methylcytosine (mC), and 7-methylguanosine (mG). Maintaining an optimal equilibrium of RNA methylation is crucial for fundamental cellular activities such as cell survival, proliferation, and migration.

Unraveling the interaction of dissolved organic matter and microorganisms with internal phosphorus cycling in the floodplain lake ecosystem.

Internal nutrient cycling, especially phosphorus (P), is of great influence in lake eutrophication. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) and microorganisms are ubiquitous in the sediments and closely associated with P-cycling. However, the underlying interactions of DOM, microorganisms and P in floodplain lake area with different hydrological characteristics remain scarce.