Molecular Insights into Binary Ionic Melts of Protic Ionic Liquid 1,2,4-Triazolium Methanesulfonate and Methanesulfonic Acid Electrolytes.

Binary ionic melts formed by a protic ionic liquid (PIL) 1,2,4-triazolium methanesulfonate ([TAZ][MS]) dissolved in methanesulfonic acid are studied as non-stoichiometric electrolytes. The composition-driven structure-property relationship of methanesulfonic acid is explored at varying molar fraction ratios from 0/100 to 10/90, 20/80, and 30/70 by the addition of 1,2,4-triazolium methanesulfonate [TAZ][MS] IL. To unveil molecular characteristics of these mixtures of [TAZ][MS] PIL and CHSOH, we performed classical molecular dynamics simulations at varying temperatures from 293 to 303, 363, and 423 K.

Angstrom-Scale Defect-Free Crystalline Membrane for Sieving Small Organic Molecules.

Crystalline membranes, represented by the metal-organic framework (MOF) with well-defined angstrom-sized apertures, have shown great potential for molecular separation. Nevertheless, it remains a challenge to separate small molecules with very similar molecular size differences due to angstrom-scale defects during membrane formation. Herein, a stepwise assembling strategy is reported for constructing MOF membranes with intrinsic angstrom-sized lattice aperture lattice to separate organic azeotropic mixtures separation.

Regulation of Metal-Support Interaction in Single-Atom Catalysis.

In recent years, single-atom catalysts (SACs) with separated active centers and high atom utilization have grown significantly as a significant area of catalytic research. In catalytic applications, SACs of various kinds have demonstrated exceptional performance, so the study of the catalytic mechanism of SACs provides a clearer direction for the preparation of catalysts with high performance. Strong linkages between the single atoms and the support are necessary to overcome the tendency of single atoms to aggregate into clusters, which is called metal-support interaction (MSI).

Directional Chiral Exciton Emission via Topological Polarization Singularities in all Van der Waals Metasurfaces.

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with strong exciton effects have enabled diverse light emitting devices, however, their Ångstrom thickness makes it challenging to efficiently manipulate exciton emission by themselves. Although their nanostructured multi-layer counterparts can effectively manipulate optical field at deep subwavelength thickness scale, these indirect band gap multi-layer TMDs are lack of strong luminescence, hindering their applications in light emitting devices. Here, the integration of monolayer TMDs is presented with nanostructured multi-layer TMDs, combining both strong exciton emission and optical manipulation in a single ultra-thin platform.

Anti-Fatigue Cellular Graphene Aerogel Through Multiscale Joint Strengthening.

Despite fatigue free of monolayer graphene, its assemblies, like cellular graphene aerogels (CGA), are usually suffering of frequent fatigue and inherent strength degradation in repeated loading. In this work, by employing multiscale modeling, the highly intrinsic anisotropic mechanical properties of the cell wall due to the layer-by-layer stacked graphene sheets are uncovered, which easily trigger the unique skeleton joints damage during repeated loading and contribute the primary fatigue mechanism of CGA. Conversely, multiscale joint strengthening strategies are proposed by interlayer crosslinking and joint curvation, improving the interlayer interaction, and decreasing interlayer stress during compression, respectively, so as to effectively suppress joint damage to improve fatigue performance of CGA.

Intelligent Microneedles Patch with Wireless Self-Sensing and Anti-Infective Actions.

Traditional microneedle (MN) technology offers unique advantages in treating wound infections; however, its single-function design lacks the capability for real-time monitoring of wound conditions, often resulting in uncontrolled drug release. Herein, an anti-infective and intelligent MN patch (SP-CSMN) integrating three functional modules is developed, including temperature monitoring, Bluetooth wireless communication, and responsive drug release. The patch employed chitosan (CS) as a porous substrate, filled with temperature-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) to encapsulate and release the antibiotic rifampicin.

Ligand Inter-Relation Analysis Via Graph Theory Predicts Macrophage Response.

Graph theory has been widely used to quantitatively analyze complex networks of molecules, materials, and cells. Analyzing the dynamic complex structure of extracellular matrix can predict cell-material interactions but has not yet been demonstrated. In this study, graph theory-based mathematical modeling of RGD ligand graph inter-relation is demonstrated by differentially cutting off RGD-to-RGD interlinkages with flexibly conjugated magnetic nanobars (MNBs) with tunable aspect ratio.

The association between sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and contrast-associated acute kidney injury in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing angiography: a propensity-matched study.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been proven to prevent decline in kidney function and failure. Whether SGLT2i affect the risk of contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) remains uncertain.

Methods: Use of SGLT2i was assessed in consecutive diabetics undergoing coronary angiography (CA) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from January 2020 to May 2023 at a tertiary hospital in Chongqing, China.

Crossing multiple life stages: fine-grained classification of agricultural pests.

Background: Pest infestation poses a major challenge in the field of global plant protection, seriously threatening crop safety. To enhance crop protection and optimize control strategies, this study is dedicated to the precise identification of various pests that harm crops, thereby ensuring the efficient use of agricultural pesticides and achieving optimal plant protection.

Results: Currently, pest identification technologies lack accuracy, especially in recognizing pests across different growth stages.

Association between personality and cognitive bias in adults with and without depression.

Background: Cognitive bias plays a crucial role in the onset and persistence of depression. Research has established a link between personality traits and cognitive bias; however, most of them focused on the general population, overlooking individuals with depression. We aim to explore the relationship between personality and cognitive bias in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and compare the results with healthy controls (HCs) to identify potential patterns.

The relationship between increased regional body fat and overactive bladder: a population-based study.

Background: The link between regional body fat distribution and overactive bladder (OAB) in prior epidemiological research has been uncertain. Our objective is to assess the relationship between increased regional body fat and the prevalence of OAB.

Methods: Within this analysis, 8,084 individuals aged 20 years and older were selected from NHANES surveys conducted from 2011 to 2018.

Rotational osteotomy of forearm bones for treatment of congenital radioulnar synostosis in children.

Background: Congenital radioulnar synostosis (CRUS) is a rare upper limb deformity characterized by impaired rotational movement of the forearm. Rotational osteotomy is a commonly employed surgical procedure for treatment. This study aimed to analyze its surgical efficacy in treating CRUS in children.

The development and validation of a tablet-based assessment battery of general cognitive ability.

Background: Traditional cognitive assessments, often reliant on paper-and-pencil tests and professional evaluators, suffer from subjectivity and limited result discrimination. This study introduces the Baguan Online Cognitive Assessment System (BOCAS), a tablet-based system that evaluates both general cognitive ability (GCA) and domain-specific functions across six domains: sensory-motor skills, processing speed, sustained attention, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and spatial ability.

Methods: BOCAS was validated with 151 healthy Chinese adults aged 18-40.

Expression of nicastrin, NICD1, and Hes1 in NCSTN knockout mice: implications for hidradenitis suppurativa, Alzheimer's, and liver cancer.

Background: Nicastrin, a subunit of the γ-secretase complex, is encoded by the NCSTN gene and regulates notch signaling, it is involved in the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), Alzheimer disease (AD), and liver cancer. However, the animal models for studying HS are relatively scarce.

Methods: CRISPR/Cas-mediated genetic engineering was used to generate targeted knockout offspring mice (C57BL/6J).

Natural epigallocatechin-3-gallocarboxylate nanoformulation loaded doxorubicin to construct a novel and low cardiotoxicity chemotherapeutic drug for high-efficiency breast cancer therapy.

Anthracycline doxorubicin (DOX) remains the first-line chemotherapeutic drug for the efficient treatment of breast cancer, but its severe cardiotoxicity limits its long-term application in clinical tumor chemotherapy. Until now, the pathogenesis mechanism of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) is still not fully understood. According to current studies, the oxidative stress caused by the imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) production and mitochondrial dysfunction in myocardial cells are closely related to DIC.

The role of MAPK pathway in gastric cancer: unveiling molecular crosstalk and therapeutic prospects.

Gastric cancer remains a significant health burden globally, especially prevalent in Asian and European regions. Despite a notable decline in incidence in the United States and Western Europe over recent decades, the disease's persistence underscores the urgency for advanced research in its pathogenesis and treatment strategies. Central to this pursuit is the exploration of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, a pivotal cellular mechanism implicated in the complex processes of gastric cancer development, including cellular proliferation, invasion, migration, and metastasis.

The prognostic impact of stress hyperglycemia ratio on mortality in cardiogenic shock: a MIMIC-IV database analysis.

Background: The stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) has been established as a predictor of unfavorable outcomes across various diseases. However, its relationship with prognosis in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the association between SHR and outcomes in CS patients.

Insight into Robust Anion Coordination Behavior of Organic Cathode with Dual Elongated π-Conjugated Motifs.

Organics electrode materials offer multi-electron reactivity, flexible structures, and redox reversibility, but encounter poor conductivity and durability in electrolytes. To overcome above barriers, we propose a dual elongation strategy of π-conjugated motifs with active sites, involving extended carbazole and electropolymerized crosslinked polymer, which enhances electronic conductivity by the electronic delocalization of electron-withdrawing conjugated groups, boosts theoretical capacity by increasing redox-active site density, and endows robust electrochemical stability attributed to crosslinked organic structures. As a proof-of-concept, 5,11-dihydridoindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (DHIC) is selected as the model cathode material for a dual-ion battery, with elongated carbazole groups functioning both as redox-active centers and polymerization anchors.

Mitochondrial transcription elongation factor TEFM promotes malignant progression of gliomas.

Gliomas are the most common tumors of the central nervous system, with glioblastoma (GBM) being particularly aggressive and fatal. Current treatments for GBM, including surgery and chemotherapy, are limited by tumor aggressiveness and the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms driving GBM growth is essential.

Ferritinophagy mediated by the AMPK/ULK1 pathway is involved in ferroptosis subsequent to ventilator-induced lung injury.

Mechanical ventilation (MV) remains a cornerstone of critical care; however, its prolonged application can exacerbate lung injury, leading to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Although previous studies have implicated ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of VILI, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the roles of ferritinophagy in ferroptosis subsequent to VILI.

Multisystem clinicopathologic and genetic analysis of MELAS.

Background And Objectives: Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is a maternally inherited mitochondrial disorder that mostly affects the central nervous system and skeletal muscle. This study provides a comprehensive summary of the clinical symptoms, multisystemic pathogenesis, and genetic characteristics of MELAS syndrome. The aim was to improve comprehension of clinical practice and gain a deeper understanding of the latest pathophysiological theories.

Electroacupuncture ameliorates inflammatory pain through CB2 receptor-dependent activation of the AMPK signaling pathway.

Background: Chronic inflammatory pain is a pervasive condition, and electroacupuncture (EA) is an effective treatment, but its mechanisms are not fully understood. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key energy sensor, is involved in pain relief and EA's effects. EA may work by increasing endocannabinoids, upregulating CB2 receptors (CB2R), and stimulating β-endorphin (β-END).

Longitudinal relationship between adverse childhood experiences and depressive symptoms: the mediating role of physical pain.

Background: This study explored the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE), physical pain, and depressive symptoms, and examined the mediating role of pain in the correlation between ACE and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and elderly Chinese (over the age of 45).

Methods: Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analysis the association between ACE, physical pain, and depressive symptoms. To assess the mediating role of physical pain in the relationship between ACE and depressive symptoms, mediation analysis was conducted.