Fabricating Lattice-Confined Pt Single Atoms With High Electron-Deficient State for Alkali Hydrogen Evolution Under Industrial-Current Density.

The confining effect is essential to regulate the activity and stability of single-atom catalysts (SACs), but the universal fabrication of confined SACs is still a great challenge. Here, various lattice-confined Pt SACs supported by different carriers are constructed by a universal co-reduction approach. Notably, Pt single atoms confined in the lattice of Ni(OH) (Pt/Ni(OH)) with a high electron-deficient state exhibit excellent activity for basic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).

Spin State Modulation with Oxygen Vacancy Orientates C/N Intermediates for Urea Electrosynthesis of Ultrahigh Efficiency.

The co-electrolysis of CO and NO to synthesize urea has become an effective pathway to alternate the conventional Bosch-Meiser process, while the complexity of C-/N-containing intermediates for C-N coupling results in the urea electrosynthesis of unsatisfactory efficiency. In this work, an electronic spin state modulation maneuver with oxygen vacancies (Ov) is unveiled to effectively meliorate the oriented generation of key intermediates NH and CO for C-N coupling, furnishing urea in ultrahigh yield of 2175.47 µg mg h and Faraday efficiency of 70.

Association of Circulating Phenylacetylglutamine With Multi-Vessel Coronary Disease Severity and Outcomes in ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Background: There is a lack of evidence regarding the association between plasma phenylacetylglutamine levels and lesion severity and clinical prognosis in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with multivessel coronary disease (MVCD). This study aims to investigate the potential of phenylacetylglutamine as a biomarker for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) of patients with STEMI and MVCD.

Methods And Results: Clinical data and blood samples were collected from 631 patients with STEMI and MVCD, who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Stabilizing Layered Oxide Cathodes Based on Universal Surface Residual Alkali Conversion Chemistry for Rechargeable Secondary Batteries.

Layered transition metal oxides (LTMOs) are attractive cathode candidates for rechargeable secondary batteries because of their high theoretical capacity. Unfortunately, LTMOs suffer from severe capacity attenuation, voltage decay, and sluggish kinetics, resulting from irreversible lattice oxygen evolution and unstable cathode-electrolyte interface. Besides, LTMOs accumulate surface residual alkali species, like hydroxides and carbonates, during synthesis, limiting their practical application.

Loss of Type 2 Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Activates NOD-Like Receptor Family Protein 3/Gasdermin E-Mediated Pyroptosis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an incurable disease initiated by endothelial dysfunction, secondary to vascular inflammation and occlusive pulmonary arterial vascular remodeling, resulting in elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and right heart failure. Previous research has reported that dysfunction of type 2 bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR2) signaling pathway in endothelium is inclined to prompt inflammation in PAH models, but the underlying mechanism of BMPR2 deficiency-mediated inflammation needs further investigation. This study was designed to investigate whether BMPR2 deficiency contributes to pulmonary arterial hypertension via the NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family protein 3)/GSDME (gasdermin E)-mediated pyroptosis pathway.

Reproductive and Hormonal Factors and Thyroid Cancer Risk: Pooled Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies in the Asia Cohort Consortium.

Given the female predominance of thyroid cancer (TC), particularly in the reproductive age range, female sex hormones have been proposed as an aetiology; however, previous epidemiological studies have shown conflicting results. We conducted a pooled analysis using individual data from 9 prospective cohorts in the Asia Cohort Consortium, to explore the association between 10 female reproductive and hormonal factors and TC risk. Using Cox proportional hazards models, cohort-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated and then pooled using a random-effects model.

High-Temperature Polymer Composite Dielectrics: Energy Storage Performance, Large-Scale Preparation, and Device Design.

Film capacitors are widely used in advanced electrical and electronic systems. The temperature stability of polymer dielectrics plays a critical role in supporting their performance operation at elevated temperatures. For the last decade, the investigations for new polymer dielectrics with high energy storage performance at higher temperatures (>200 °C) have attracted much attention and numerous strategies have been employed.

Interfacial Atomic Mechanisms of Single-Crystalline MoS Epitaxy on Sapphire.

The epitaxial growth of molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) on sapphire substrates enables the formation of single-crystalline monolayer MoS₂ with exceptional material properties on a wafer scale. Despite this achievement, the underlying growth mechanisms remain a subject of debate. The epitaxial interface is critical for understanding these mechanisms, yet its exact atomic configuration has previously been unclear.

Directional Freeze-Casting Cryogel Loaded with Quaternized Chitosan Modified Gallium Metal-Organic Frameworks to Capture and Eradicate the Resistant Bacteria for Guided Regeneration in Infected Bone Defects.

Antimicrobial resistance and impaired bone regeneration are the great challenges in treating infected bone defects. Its recurrent and resistant nature, high incidence rate, long-term hospitalization, and high medical costs have driven the efforts of the scientific community to develop new therapies to improve the situation. Considering the complex microenvironment and persistent mechanisms mediated by resistant bacteria, it is crucial to develop an implant with enhanced osseointegration and sustained and effective infection clearance effects.

Improved Black Phosphorus Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Bone Defect Repairing: Mechanisms for Advancing Osteogenesis.

Bone defects caused by fractures and diseases often do not heal spontaneously. They require external agents for repair and regeneration. Bone tissue engineering is emerging as a promising alternative to traditional therapies like autografts and allografts.

Association Between Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Carotid Plaque Stability in Different Glycemic Status: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Background: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been proposed as a reliable marker of insulin resistance. However, its value in patients with carotid plaque stability remains unclear. This study investigated the association between the TyG index and unstable carotid plaque.

Rapid Synthesis of Primary Amides Using Ammonia Borane.

We report the rapid synthesis of primary amides by directly using commercially available ammonia borane (NH·BH), sodium hexamethyldisilazide (NaHMDS), and esters. The success of this protocol relies on NH·BH as the nitrogen source being considerably more convenient and NaHMDS being an excellent proton abstractor but not participating in the nucleophilic addition reaction. The reaction had a wide substrate scope containing bioactive molecules, and most of the substrates were efficiently amidated over 90% yields.

Early Neurologic Deterioration and Efficacy of Dual Antiplatelet in Anterior Versus Posterior Circulation Stroke.

Background: Anterior circulation stroke (ACS) differs from posterior circulation stroke (PCS) in several aspects. We hypothesize that the risk of early neurologic deterioration (END) and its responses to clopidogrel plus aspirin versus aspirin alone may be different between stroke territories.

Methods And Results: This was a prespecified post hoc analysis of ATAMIS (Antiplatelet Therapy in Acute Mild to Moderate Ischemic Stroke) trial and included patients with definite infarct location who were classified into ACS and PCS according to stroke territory.

Bifunctional Group Modulation Strategy Enables MR-TADF Electroluminescence Toward BT.2020 Green Light Standard.

Herein, a parallel "bifunctional group" modulation method is proposed to achieve controlled modulation of the emission wavelength and full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) values. As a result, three proof-of-concept emitters, namely DBNDS-TPh, DBNDS-DFPh, and DBNDS-CNPh, are designed and synthesized, with the first functional dibenzo[b,d]thiophene unit concurrently reducing the bandgap and elevate their triplet state energy. A second functional group 1,1':3',1″-triphenyl, and electron acceptors 1,3-difluorobenzene and benzonitrile, respectively, to deepen the HOMO and LUMO levels.

Electrocatalytic Biomass Oxidation via Acid-Induced In Situ Surface Reconstruction of Multivalent State Coexistence in Metal Foams.

Electrocatalytic biomass conversion offers a sustainable route for producing organic chemicals, with electrode design being critical to determining reaction rate and selectivity. Herein, a prediction-synthesis-validation approach is developed to obtain electrodes for precise biomass conversion, where the coexistence of multiple metal valence states leads to excellent electrocatalytic performance due to the activated redox cycle. This promising integrated foam electrode is developed via acid-induced surface reconstruction to in situ generate highly active metal (oxy)hydroxide or oxide (MOH or MO) species on inert foam electrodes, facilitating the electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA).

In Situ, Treatment with Guanidinium Chloride Ligand Enables Efficient Blue Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes with 23.5% External Quantum Efficiency.

The poor efficiency and stability of blue Quantum Dot Light-Emitting diodes (QLED) hinders the practical applications of QLEDs full-color displays. Excessive electron injection, insufficient hole injection, and abundant defects on the surface of quantum dots (QD) are the main issues limiting the performance of blue devices. Herein, an in situ treatment with bipolar small molecule polydentate ligand-guanidine chloride (GACl) is proposed to simultaneously suppress excessive electron injection, patch surface defects of QDs and enhance hole injection.

Effects of Age and Sex on Systemic Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Function in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Systemic inflammation, aging, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) lead to varying degrees of cardiovascular dysfunction and impaired aerobic exercise capacity. This study evaluates the impact of inflammation and sex differences on coronary and peripheral vascular function and exercise capacity in older individuals with and without T2D.

Methods: Older individuals (aged≥65 years) underwent biochemical and tissue inflammatory phenotyping, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, and vascular reactivity testing.

High-Modulus Homochiral Torsional Oxide Ceramic Artificial Muscles.

Fiber-based artificial muscles are soft actuators used to mimic the movement of human muscles. However, using high modulus oxide ceramics to fabricate artificial muscles with high energy and power is a challenge as they are prone to brittle fracture during torsion. Here, a ceramic metallization strategy is reported that solves the problem of low torsion and low ductility of alumina (AlO) ceramics by chemical plating a thin copper layer on alumina filaments.

Constructing Accessible Closed Nanopores in Coal-Derived Hard Carbon for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Hard carbon (HC) materials are suitable anodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) but still suffer from insufficient initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). Promoting sodium storage via the pore filling mechanism is an effective way to improve the ICE, and the key here is regulating the pore structures of HC. In this work, coal-derived HC is successfully engineered with abundant accessible closed nanopores by treating the coal precursors with a facile destructive oxidation strategy.

A Self-Amplifying Photodynamic Biomedicine for Cascade Immune Activation Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

The efficacy of immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is significantly hindered by its low immunogenicity and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Non-invasive photodynamic therapy (PDT) is increasingly recognized as a potential immunotherapeutic stimulant in the treatment of TNBC. However, photodynamic immunotherapy is constrained by tumor hypoxia and excessive inflammation suppression during the course of treatment.

Anti-Scattering Perovskite Scintillator Arrays for High-Resolution Computed Tomography Imaging.

Computed tomography (CT) imaging has emerge as an effective medical diagnostic technique due to its rapid and 3D imaging capabilities, often employing indirect imaging methods through scintillator materials. Arraying scintillators that can confine light scattering to enable high-resolution CT imaging remains an area of ongoing exploration for emerging perovskite scintillators. Here an anti-scattering cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr) scintillator array embedded within a polyurethane acrylate matrix for CT imaging using a cost-effective solution-processed method is reported.

Hepatic Abnormal Secretion of Apolipoprotein C3 Promotes Inflammation in Aortic Dissection.

Background: Apolipoprotein C3 (apo C3) is primarily secreted by the liver and is involved in promoting sterile inflammation and organ damage under pathological conditions. Previous studies have shown that apo C3 is abundant in the plasma exosomes of patients with aortic dissection (AD), but its specific role in AD remains unclear.

Methods And Results: In vivo, adeno-associated virus was used to knock down hepatic apo C3 expression in an AD mouse model to assess the impact of liver-derived apo C3 on the development of AD.

Next-Generation Ultrafast Photoluminescence Spectroscopy: Integration of Transient Grating Optical Gate and Advanced Femtosecond Laser Technology.

We demonstrate a high-performance ultrafast broadband time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) system based on the transient grating photoluminescence spectroscopy (TGPLS) technique. The core of the system is a Kerr effect-induced transient grating (TG) optical gate driven by high repetition rate ultrashort laser pulses at 1030 nm with micro-Joule pulse energy. Satisfying the demands of spectroscopy applications, the setup achieves high sensitivity, rapid data acquisition, ultrafast time resolution, and a wide spectral window from ultraviolet to near-infrared.

Diatomite-Based Hybrid Electrolyte for Improving Reversibility of Cathode/Anode Interface Reaction in Zn-MnO Batteries.

The cyclic stability of aqueous zinc-manganese batteries (ZMBs) is greatly restricted by the side reaction of the anode and the irreversibility of the cathode. In this work, a solid-liquid hybrid electrolyte mixing by traditional ZnSO-based electrolyte and diatomite (denoted as Dtm) is proposed that exhibits good compatibility and reversibility in both the anode interface and the cathode interface. The abundant hydroxyl groups at the anode interface disturb the hydrogen bond network of water molecule, which weakens the corrosion of the active water to Zn anode.

Utilization of Stable and Efficient High-Entropy (NiZnMgCuCo)AlO Catalyst with Polyvalent Transition Metals to Boost Peroxymonosulfate Activation toward Pollutant Degradation.

A polyacrylamide gel method has been used to synthesize a variety of polyvalent-transition-metal-doped Ni position of high entropy spinel oxides (NiZnMgCuCo)AlO-800 °C (A) on the basis of NiAlO, and the catalytic activity of A is studied under the synergistic action of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation and simulated sunlight. The A containing polyvalent transition metals (Ni, Cu, and Co) can effectively activate PMS and efficiently degrade levofloxacin (LEV) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) under simulated sunlight irradiation. After 90 min of light exposure, the degradation percentages of LEV (50 mg L) and TCH (100 mg L) degrade by the A/PMS/vis system reach 87.