Full genomic sequence characterization of the chikungunya virus from an imported case with serum viral concentration below culturable level.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection, responsible for chikungunya fever and occasionally severe symptoms, has emerged as an increasing global health concern following several large-scale outbreaks from Africa, Asia, Europe, and America. Over the past two decades, South and Southeast Asia regions have gradually become hot spots for outbreaks involving multiple CHIKV lineages. In China, most CHIKV infections are imported, making it crucial to trace the origins and transmission routes for effective prevention and control.

Advances and challenges of mpox detection technology.

Mpox is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV). Diagnosing and treating the disease has become a global health concern requiring close attention to its spread to non-endemic regions. Clinical diagnosis is based on laboratory test results.

Vaccinia virus Tiantan strain blocks host antiviral innate immunity and programmed cell death by disrupting gene expression.

The vaccinia virus Tiantan (VTT) is widely utilized as a smallpox vaccine in China and holds significant importance in the prevention of diseases stemming from poxvirus infections. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated the influence of VTT infection on host gene expression. In this study, we constructed time series transcriptomic profiles of HeLa cells infected with both VTT and western reserve (WR) strains.

Drupacine as a potent SARS-CoV-2 replication inhibitor .

Despite the availability of vaccines and antiviral treatments, the continued emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and breakthrough infections underscores the need for new, potent antiviral therapies. In a previous study, we established a transcription and replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particle (trVLP) system that recapitulates the complete viral life cycle. In this study, we combined high-content screening (HCS) with the SARS-CoV-2 trVLP cell culture system, providing a powerful phenotype-oriented approach to assess the antiviral potential of compounds on a large scale.

An outbreak of rhinovirus infection in a primary school in Shenyang City, China, in 2022.

Rhinovirus (RV) is a common pathogen that causes respiratory tract infection and can cause outbreaks in hospitals and welfare institutions. A cluster of respiratory diseases occurred in a primary school in Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China, in 2022. In this outbreak, a total of 31 students had symptoms similar to those of upper respiratory tract infection, mainly cough and sore throat.

Developing an advanced course of vaccinology in middle-income countries: The case of China.

•We provide the Chinese Vaccinology Course was the only national advanced vaccinology training course in China, in response to the global call to improve vaccine capacity and meet local needs.•To address the challenges for both the development of the country as well as world sustainability and to address the major needs of the country and for the lives and health of the people.•Science and technology has provided strong support in controlling infection, developing vaccines and promoting drug research and development (R& D), CNVAC provide model problems and solutions for the research community.

Biosafety and immunology: An interdisciplinary field for health priority.

Biosafety hazards can trigger a host immune response after infection, invasion, or contact with the host. Whether infection with a microorganism results in disease or biosafety concerns depends to a large extent on the immune status of the population. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the immunological characteristics of the host and the mechanisms of biological threats and agents to protect the host more effectively.

Construction of pseudotyped human coronaviruses and detection of pre-existing antibodies in the human population.

In order to clarify the pre-exist immunity background of different human coronaviruses (HCoV), this study investigated the positive rate of spike (S) protein antibodies of HCoV, including HCoV- severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) -associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-OC43, before and after the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. We utilized pseudotyped virus-based neutralization assays (PBNA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to detect antibody levels against HCoV in serum samples collected in 2009-2010 and 2023. The PBNA results showed that neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-1 and the MERS-CoV were negative.

Transmission of ceftazidime-avibactam-resistant among pets, veterinarians and animal hospital environment.

Ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) is a recently approved combination synthetic β-lactamase inhibitor used in human clinical medicine. Cases of CZA resistance in humans have already been reported, but limited research has investigated CZA resistance in pets. This study explored the prevalence and transmission of CZA-resistant (CZAREC) among pets, their owners, veterinarians, and the environment in animal hospitals.

Impact of ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in autoimmune liver disease patients with COVID-19 and its clinical prognosis.

To explore the impact of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and clinical outcomes in patients with autoimmune liver disease (AILD). Patients diagnosed with AILD were enrolled and divided into a UDCA group and a non-UDCA group based on whether they received UDCA treatment. Relevant data were collected regarding AILD diagnosis, treatment, biochemical indicators, and imaging examination.

Evaluation of antibody responses in healthy individuals receiving SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccines.

Inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines such as CoronaVac and BBIBP-CorV have been widely used in China. However, more investigation is still needed to understand antibodies' duration and effectiveness against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants in the real world. In this study, 575 participants who had been vaccinated with two or three doses of the inactivated vaccine were recruited.

A novel method to assess antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against influenza A virus M2 in immunized murine models.

The matrix protein 2 (M2) is a preferred target for developing a universal vaccine against the influenza A virus (IAV). This study aimed to develop a method for assessing antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) associated with M2-based immunization in mice. We first established a stable cell line derived from mouse lymphoma cells (YAC-1) expressing M2 of H3N2.

Human mpox co-infection with advanced HIV-1 and XDR-TB in a MSM patient previously vaccinated against smallpox: A case report.

Mpox is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the mpox virus (MPXV). Historically, the majority of mpox cases have been documented in Central Africa. However, since May 2022, there has been a notable rise in reported cases from regions beyond Africa.

Caspase-8 activation regulates enterovirus D68 infection-induced inflammatory response and cell death.

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infection causes severe acute respiratory infection and severe neurological complications, such as acute flaccid myelitis (AFM), in children. However, although EV-D68 has pandemic potential, no effective drugs or vaccines are currently clinically available. Furthermore, EV-D68 infection-induced inflammatory response and cell death are not fully understood.

A novel method for identifying SARS-CoV-2 infection mutants via an epitope-specific CD8 T cell test.

Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in 2019, the public health system has faced enormous challenges. Tracking the individuals who test positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a key step for interrupting chains of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and reducing COVID-19-associated mortality. With the increasing of asymptomatic infections, it is difficult to track asymptomatic infections through epidemiological surveys and virus whole-genome sequencing.

Advances in technology for the laboratory diagnosis of individuals with HIV/AIDS coinfected with .

The high morbidity and mortality rate of individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) coinfected with (MTB) is a tough challenge for current global tuberculosis prevention and control efforts. HIV/MTB coinfection is more complex than a single infection, and the interaction between the two diseases aggravates the deterioration caused by the disease, resulting in increased hospitalizations and deaths. Rapid screening and early diagnosis facilitate the timely initiation of anti-tuberculosis treatment in HIV/MTB coinfected individuals, thereby reducing transmission and the incidence of adverse prognoses.

Functional redundancy of transcription factors SlNOR and SlNOR-like1 is required for pollen development in tomato.

In tomato, SlNOR and SlNOR-like1 members of the NAC family of transcription factors (TFs), are known to play critical roles in regulating fruit ripening and are highly expressed in floral organs. However, their role in flower development remains unclear. In this study, we generated and functionally characterized a double knockout mutant, .

contributes to cold tolerance through dual regulation of soluble sugar accumulation and reactive oxygen species scavenging in .

Although the significance of some plant WRKYs in response to cold stress have been identified, the molecular mechanisms of most WRKYs remain unclear in grapevine. In this study, we demonstrate that cold-induced expression of in executes a beneficial role in enhancing resistance by the regulating starch decomposition. VaWRKY65 was identified as an upstream transcriptional activator of through yeast one-hybrid library screening and validated to directly interact with the W-box region inside the promoter.

: a key regulatory factor involved in delaying postharvest leaf senescence of Pakchoi ( subsp. ) by 2,4-epibrassinolide.

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are extensively distributed in plants and play crucial roles throughout all stages of plant growth. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism through which BRs influence postharvest senescence in pakchoi remains elusive. Previous studies have demonstrated that the application of 1.

SmCSN5 is a synergist in the transcription factor SmMYB36-mediated biosynthesis of tanshinones and phenolic acids in .

The ubiquitin-26S proteasome system (UPS) is associated with protein stability and activity, regulation of hormone signaling, and the production of secondary metabolites in plants. Though the mechanism of action of SmMYB36 on the tanshinone and phenolic acid biosynthesis is well understood, its regulation through post-translational modifications is unclear. A constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 (COP9) signalosome subunit 5 (SmCSN5), which interacted with SmMYB36 and inhibited its ubiquitination-based degradation, was identified in .

AP2 transcription factor CsAIL6 negatively regulates citric acid accumulation in citrus fruits by interacting with a WD40 protein CsAN11.

Citric acid accumulation is an essential process in citrus fruits that determines fruit flavor and marketability. The MBW complex transcription factor genes, , , and play key roles in regulating citric acid accumulation. Although how to regulate or was widely investigated, studies on the regulation of are scarce.

Haplotype-resolved and chromosome-level reference genome assembly of provides insights into the evolution and juvenile growth of persimmon.

The genus , which includes both wild and cultivated species such as and , represents a diverse genetic pool with significant agricultural value. In this study, we present a high-quality, haplotype-resolved, chromosome-level genome assembly for s (hereinafter referred to as 'Deyangshi'), an autotetraploid wild species notable for its short juvenile phase, by integrating high-fidelity single-molecule, nanopore sequencing, and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture techniques. The assembled genome size is ~3.

A premature termination codon mutation in the onion gene is associated with both glossy leaves and thrip resistance.

Plant epicuticular waxes (EW) play a critical role in defending against biotic and abiotic stresses. Notably, onions () present a distinctive case where the mutant with defect in leaf and stalk EW showed resistance to thrips compared with the wild type with integral EW. We identified a premature stop codon mutation in the gene, an ortholog of gene in that has been proved essential for the biosynthesis of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), in the onions with glossy leaf and stalks in our experiments.

Tooth loss trajectories and their association with all-cause mortality among older Chinese adults.

Background: The association between tooth loss trajectories and all-cause mortality has not been sufficiently explored. This study aims to examine the relationship between tooth loss trajectories and all-cause mortality in Chinese adults aged 65 years and older.

Methods: This study included 3,726 participants from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study (CLHLS).